printers

PRINTERSPRINTERS

PRINTERSPRINTERS

A device that prints text or graphics on paper.A device that prints text or graphics on paper.

A device that converts computer output into printed images. A device that converts computer output into printed images.

There are many types of printers that vary in terms of the way the There are many types of printers that vary in terms of the way the image is created and the type of paper and ink used. Some printers image is created and the type of paper and ink used. Some printers create a text image one character at a time; others can reproduce one create a text image one character at a time; others can reproduce one full page at a time of both text and illustrations. Speed, quality, and cost full page at a time of both text and illustrations. Speed, quality, and cost also vary greatly. The best printer for a job depends upon the type of also vary greatly. The best printer for a job depends upon the type of image to be created, the level of quality desired, and the speed image to be created, the level of quality desired, and the speed required. required. See alsoSee also gravure; gravure; impact printerimpact printer; ; ink-jet printerink-jet printer laser printerlaser printer; ; lithography; press.lithography; press.

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TYPES OF PRINTERSTYPES OF PRINTERS

There are two major types of printerThere are two major types of printer

Impact printersImpact printers Nonimpact printersNonimpact printers

IMPACT PRINTERIMPACT PRINTER ImpactImpact - These printers have a mechanism that - These printers have a mechanism that

touches the paper in order to create an image. touches the paper in order to create an image. Impact printers use a mechanical hammering Impact printers use a mechanical hammering

device to produce each character. A device to produce each character. A formed formed character printercharacter printer forces metal or plastic forces metal or plastic characters against an inked ribbon to produce a characters against an inked ribbon to produce a sharp image on paper; the characters may be on sharp image on paper; the characters may be on a moving bar, a rapidly rotating chain, a a moving bar, a rapidly rotating chain, a rotatable ball, or wheel spokes.rotatable ball, or wheel spokes.

TYPES OF IMPACT PRINTERTYPES OF IMPACT PRINTER DOT MATRIX PRINTERDOT MATRIX PRINTER DRUM PRINTERDRUM PRINTER CHARACTER PRINTERCHARACTER PRINTER LINE PRINTERLINE PRINTER SERIAL PRINTERSERIAL PRINTER LINE MATRIXLINE MATRIX SERIAL DOT PRINTERSERIAL DOT PRINTER BAND PRINTERBAND PRINTER PAGE PRINTERPAGE PRINTER

NONIMPACT PRINTERNONIMPACT PRINTER

Nonimpact printers use thermal and electrostatic, rather Nonimpact printers use thermal and electrostatic, rather than mechanical, techniques. than mechanical, techniques. Ink-jet printers,Ink-jet printers, including including bubble-jet printers,bubble-jet printers, squirt heated ink through a matrix of squirt heated ink through a matrix of holes to form characters or images. holes to form characters or images. Laser printersLaser printers form form an image of the output on a selenium-coated drum using an image of the output on a selenium-coated drum using laser light that is turned on and off by data from the laser light that is turned on and off by data from the computer and then transfer the output from the drum computer and then transfer the output from the drum using photocopying techniques. Nonimpact printers are using photocopying techniques. Nonimpact printers are quieter than impact printers and produce higher quality quieter than impact printers and produce higher quality output, especially of graphics, but at a greater cost per output, especially of graphics, but at a greater cost per page. These printers do not touch the paper when page. These printers do not touch the paper when creating an image. Inkjet printers are part of this group, creating an image. Inkjet printers are part of this group, which includewhich include

TYPES OF NONIMPACT PRINTERTYPES OF NONIMPACT PRINTER

Inkjet printersInkjet printers Laser printersLaser printers Laser & LED PrinterLaser & LED Printer IRISIRIS Printer Printer Solid Ink PrinterSolid Ink Printer Electron Beam Imaging PrinterElectron Beam Imaging Printer Thermal Wax Transfer & Dye SublimationThermal Wax Transfer & Dye Sublimation

PrinterPrinter Dot matrix sensit ive printerDot matrix sensit ive printer Direct ThermalDirect Thermal PrinterPrinter Electrostatic PrinterElectrostatic Printer

Been around since the first PCs.Use mechanical means to press ink from ribbon onto

page.

9 or 24 pin print head9pins == low quality and 24 pin has smaller pins close

to each other giving better quality print (Near Letter Quality (NQL).

Various size and shape ribbon cartridges

Multipart forms: Carbonless paper forms keep these printers around.

DOT MATRIX PRINTER

Features Of Dot Matrix PrinterFeatures Of Dot Matrix Printer

Regular printing speed Regular printing speed :- 180 to 360 :- 180 to 360 characters per second.characters per second.

Different sizes of this printer Different sizes of this printer :- 80, 120, 180 Columns etc……

This printer is costl ier compared to inkjet printers these are the most economical printers i f used to print textual document, as the cost of r ibbons as well as the cartr idge is cheap

Images by permission: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

Dot Matrix PrinterDot Matrix Printer

• How it works:

A print-head moves back-and-forth in front of the paper on which characters or graphic images are transferred. The print-head contains numerous wires, typically from 9 to 24. Each wire is part of a solenoid-like unit. A pulse applied to the solenoid creates a magnetic field which forces the wire to move briefly forward then backward. As the wire moves forward, it presses against a print ribbon containing ink. The impact transfers an ink dot to the paper. The paper is supported from behind by a platen.


• Dot Matrix issues:• Print head - Print heads wear off after a while. The ink from the

ribbon can clog the tiny pins. Pins can be bent. Electromagnet can be damaged. Print heads are expensive.

• Ribbon - Poor print quality can simply mean that the ribbon needs to be replaced. Cartridges vary from printer to printer thus they are not interchangeable.

• Overheating - Dot matrix printers are noisy. They are often kept under a padded, sound proofed cover. Less ventilation lead to overheating.

• Paper jams - Big problem. Perforated sides can be ripped off easily, jamming the printer.


Laser PrintersLaser Printers

• A laser printer is a popular type of personal computer printer that uses a non-impact (keys don't strike the paper), photocopier technology.

• IBM introduced the first laser printer in 1975 for use with its mainframe computers. In 1984, Hewlett-Packard revolutionized laser-printing technology with its first LaserJet, a compact, fast, and reliable printer that personal computer users could afford.

• Personal laser printers are sufficient for printing an average of 200 pages per week. A workgroup printer is needed if an average of 1000 pages per week is needed. Production printers are needed for printing 50,000 or more pages per week.

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Components of The Laser PrinterComponents of The Laser Printer

Static ElectricityStatic ElectricityDrum Drum TonerTonerFuserFuserPrinter ControllerPrinter Controller


Getting The DataGetting The Data

The printer controller “communicates” with The printer controller “communicates” with the computer through communication portthe computer through communication port

It can be either parallel port or USBIt can be either parallel port or USBThe data is transferred to the The data is transferred to the printer and it decides how to printer and it decides how to arrange it on paperarrange it on paper


LanguageLanguage

The printer and the computer need The printer and the computer need to speak the same page description to speak the same page description

languagelanguageMost commonly met nowadays is Printer Most commonly met nowadays is Printer

Command Language (PCL) Command Language (PCL)


Arranging The PageArranging The Page

The printer controller determines the The printer controller determines the margins and word and graph placemargins and word and graph place

The raster image processor (RIP) breaks The raster image processor (RIP) breaks the data into pieces the data into pieces

Data is saved in printer’s memoryData is saved in printer’s memoryThis enables consequent copying of filesThis enables consequent copying of files


Writing The Data On The DrumWriting The Data On The Drum

The data is written on the The data is written on the drum by laser scanningdrum by laser scanningThe laser assembly, including laser, mirror The laser assembly, including laser, mirror

and lens, moves the beam thatand lens, moves the beam that changes the electrical charge on the changes the electrical charge on the

places where ink should be putplaces where ink should be put

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Getting The PaperGetting The Paper

The feed rollers of the The feed rollers of the printerprinter

grasp the paper and pull grasp the paper and pull itit

This and the toner pickup This and the toner pickup occur almost at the occur almost at the

same timesame time


The TonerThe Toner

First, the electrostatic image is created First, the electrostatic image is created by changing the charges on different by changing the charges on different

placesplacesThe drum continues to revolve and The drum continues to revolve and the toner sticks to the negatively the toner sticks to the negatively charged places of the textcharged places of the text


The FuserThe Fuser

A pair of heated rollersA pair of heated rollersTheir temperature can reach 355 degrees Their temperature can reach 355 degrees

Fahrenheit, which makes the papers that Fahrenheit, which makes the papers that go out of it hotgo out of it hot

When the paper goes through the When the paper goes through the fuser, the toner melts on itfuser, the toner melts on it


Problems That Might OccurProblems That Might Occur

Vertical white areas or gray mist Vertical white areas or gray mist Horizontal black lines Horizontal black lines Printing in gray color instead of Printing in gray color instead of black (this means the toner is black (this means the toner is about to finish)about to finish)


Health HazardsHealth Hazards

When using laser printer certain gases When using laser printer certain gases like ozone, nitrogen oxide and carbon like ozone, nitrogen oxide and carbon

monoxide that can affect human health, monoxide that can affect human health, are producedare produced

Ultraviolet light can cause eye damageUltraviolet light can cause eye damage


SummarySummary

The laser printer is one of The laser printer is one of the most widespread devices nowadays the most widespread devices nowadays Even though it is very often Even though it is very often used, it hides some health risksused, it hides some health risks Only a few people know the Only a few people know the way it worksway it works

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