printed energy storage devices
TRANSCRIPT
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Printed Energy Storage DevicesPrinted Energy Storage Devices
Christine C. Ho1, Prof. James W. Evans1 and Prof. Paul K. Wright2
1Material Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA2Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Hybrid Energy Storage 2011 ‐ Active RFID Tag
(1 x 1 cm)Carbon Electrochemical Capacitor
Energy storage
Energy
TagTag
harvesting
Zinc Polymer Battery High power transmit
Energy reservoir
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Microbattery Design
loadelectrons
Generic BatteryOur Zinc Polymer Battery
y g
r
cathodecurrent collector
100μm
anode cathode
separator
nt collector
nt collector
Curren
Curren
anode
Gel acts as separator and electrolytesubmerged in liquid electrolyte
container seals in liquid
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
l tGel Electrolyte
electrons
Zinc anode‐
Zn2+ ‐ ‐
‐
Zn2+
load
Gel electrolyte
‐‐
‐
‐‐Zn2+
Zn2+
MnO2 cathode
current collector
75% polymer25% liquid
40% polymer60% liquid
Liquid swells polymer to form gel electrolyte
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Fabrication: Dispenser PrintingIntegration of vibration energy harvester with printed capacitor
Dispenser printing:• Capable of 5‐300 μm size factors• Large viscosity range (100‐10000 cP)• Ambient temperature process40 μm
Continuous Printing Drop on Demand
Ambient temperature process• Low waste• Fast, scalable, economical• Continuous assembly processing
40 μm
100 μm dia
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Printed Battery
zinc
Microbattery cross‐section
gel electrolyte
20 µmMnO2
Typical discharge potential
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Battery PerformanceCycle capacity
C/5 discharge rate
Current microbattery performance
Capacity Energy Density Operating Voltage
1 mAh/cm2 1.5 mWh/cm2
150 mWh/cm3
130 Wh/kg
1 ‐2 V
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Hybrid Energy Storage 2011 ‐ Active RFID Tag
(1 x 1 cm)Carbon Electrochemical Capacitor
Energy storage
Energy
TagTag
harvesting
Zinc Polymer Battery High power transmit
Energy reservoir
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Printed electrochemical capacitors
carbon electrodeb l d
gel electrolyte
gel electrolyte
carbon electrode
carbon electrode carbon electrode
Printed capacitor
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Capacitor performancePrinted capacitor cross‐section
carbon electrodeCycle Capacitance Performance
gel electrolyte Steady cycle performance
carbon electrode
charge discharge
Charge and Discharge Potentials for 1 mA
Current electrochemical capacitor performance
C it M P E D it O tig g Capacitance Max. Power Energy Density Operating Voltage
100 mF/cm2 600 μW/cm2
60 mW/cm3
50 W/kg
10 μW-hr/cm2
1 mW-hr/cm3
1 W-hr/kg
0 – 2 V
> 93% charge efficiency50 W/kg 1 W-hr/kg
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“Printing on Green”Printing on Green
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Thin and flexible displaysThin and flexible displays
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Printed Media
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Large‐scale energy storageZinc Polymer Battery
150 mWh/cm3 ~ 2,600 sq. ft
Prefabricated walls
150 mWh/cm , q
1000 kW‐hr stored!+‐
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Printed Energy Storage DevicesPrinted Energy Storage Devices
• Fully printed energy storage devices (batteries and electrochemical capacitors) were fabricated
• Direct write dispenser printing is a flexible tool that can be useful for tailoring energy storage devices to provide optimal performance for a given application.
• Implementation and testing of printed energy storage devices is underway
• Acknowledgements: California Energy Commission, Delta Electronics, Berkeley Manufacturing Institute and Berkeley Wireless Research Center, Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Societygy y
For more information, contact: [email protected]
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
~ 2,600 sq. ft
2‐15kW
Average homes:20kWh/d
ay +‐
< 5% walls filled with printed battery
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
CostsA square meter of printed battery stores 15 Wh
Costs
Component $/sq. meter
Zinc 0.65
M O 0 26MnO2 0.26
Organics 0.20
Collector/substrate 0.10
Printing 0.20
TOTAL $1.51 = $101/kWhNewsprint costs ~ $0.05/sq. meter
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
Printed battery
http://www.electricitystorage.org/site/technologies/
California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program
100
Device leakage with respect to cell voltageStorage capacity as a function of discharge current
60708090
disc
harg
e ty
20304050
f max
imum
ca
paci
t
01020
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
% o
f
current density (mA/cm^2)