principles of virtual reality in surgical training and practice by dr s. sanyal
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Principles of Principles of Virtual Reality in Virtual Reality in Surgical Training Surgical Training and Practiceand Practice
ByDr S. Sanyal
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ContentsContentsDefinition and classificationTechnical aspectsAngled laparoscope simulationSimulated cholecystectomySimulated gynecological surgeryVirtual endoscopy / angiographyAugmented reality imaging – NeurosurgeryVisible Human Project – NLMSummaryReferences and URLs
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DefinitionDefinition
VR 1st coined by Jaron Lanier, head of VPL Research Inc. California
2nd of 3 types of CyberspaceSystem that provides realistic sense of being
immersed in an environment.Computer-generated visual, auditory and
tactile multimedia experience.Teledildonics: Virtual sex (or e-sex!!??)
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ClassificationClassification
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Augmented reality Augmented reality systemssystems
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Technical aspects of VRTechnical aspects of VRVR surrounds human body with artificial
sensorium of sight, sound and touch.
– Stereo headphones
– ‘Eyephones’: Head mounted stereo TV goggles – able to simulate 3-D
– ‘Datagloves’: Wired gauntlets
– ‘Datasuits’: Computerized clothing
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Technical aspects of VR in Technical aspects of VR in medicinemedicine
3-D computer graphics: Texture mappingInteraction devices and trackersTactile feedbackForce (haptic) feedback: Reverse robotic
unitsOther sensory feedback: Auditory, olfactory
etc
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Angled laparoscope training Angled laparoscope training simulatorsimulator
Spatial reasoning is required to focus objective lens in line with narrow cavity.
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Angled laparoscope training Angled laparoscope training simulatorsimulator
Virtual environment through a Virtual Laparoscopic Interface:
All 4 corners of 6 targets have to be viewed in sequence.
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Angled laparoscope training Angled laparoscope training simulatorsimulator
After viewing all 4 corners of 1st target, hit a button:
Next object comes into view
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Angled laparoscope training Angled laparoscope training simulatorsimulator
Go through the whole sequence for all targets.
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Angled laparoscope training Angled laparoscope training simulatorsimulator
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Angled laparoscope training Angled laparoscope training simulatorsimulator
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Angled laparoscope training Angled laparoscope training simulatorsimulator
Automatic timer records the time taken
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Virtual cholecystectomyVirtual cholecystectomy
Occluding tissue is dissected
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Virtual cholecystectomyVirtual cholecystectomy
Lateral traction is placed on gallbladder and cystic duct is clipped
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Virtual cholecystectomyVirtual cholecystectomy
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Virtual cholecystectomyVirtual cholecystectomy
Cystic duct is successfully cut
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Simulated gynecological Simulated gynecological surgerysurgery
Endoscopic Surgery Simulation: Perform surgical tasks on elasto-dynamic objects in virtual surgery scene in real time; grasping, cutting and setting of clips
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Simulated gynecological Simulated gynecological surgerysurgery
Concept of ADO has been introduced for modeling organ motility
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Simulated gynecological Simulated gynecological surgerysurgery
© Dr. H. Cakmak, Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Simulation of pulsatile bleeding, irrigation, suction, animation of coagulation smoke, causing steaming of endoscope lens…
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Virtual endoscopyVirtual endoscopy
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Virtual bronchoscopyVirtual bronchoscopy
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Virtual colonoscopyVirtual colonoscopy
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Virtual arthroscopyVirtual arthroscopy
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Virtual angiographyVirtual angiography
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Augmented reality imagingAugmented reality imaging
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Augmented reality imagingAugmented reality imaging
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Augmented reality imagingAugmented reality imaging
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Augmented reality imagingAugmented reality imaging
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Visible Human Project – NLMVisible Human Project – NLM
Visible Human Male Database
Visible Human Female Database
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Visible Human Project – NLMVisible Human Project – NLM
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Visible Human Project – NLMVisible Human Project – NLM
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Virtual scalpel incisionVirtual scalpel incision
Knecutsm.mpg
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SummarySummaryVR is an immersive and interactive
simulation of an environment
VR applications are playing a great role in teaching, training and testing of medical students and graduates
Computer simulated 3-D reconstruction of radiological c-sections are important diagnostic tools
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SummarySummaryComputer assisted pre-operative planning
and outcome prediction are on the horizon
Integration of hybrid (real and imaginary) systems in augmented reality play a role in image-guided surgery
VR also plays a role in telemedine and telesurgery
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References and URLsReferences and URLsEdelman V. Touch goes high-tech.
http://cms.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-19960101-000031.html
Boulos MNK. University of Plymouth. Virtual reality in medicine
Tendick F. University of California San Francisco. http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~frankt/vesta.html
Cakmak HK. Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. http://www-kismet.iai.fzk.de/VRTRAIN/phD_main.html
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References and URLsReferences and URLsThe Visible Human Project, NLM, NIH:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html
University of Colorado, Center of Human Simulation: http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/chs/browse/browse_m.html
http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/chs/browse/browse_f.html
NHSIA. Virtual Reality System Predicts Surgical Outcomes. http://www.informatics.nhs.uk/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=1206 Feb-2005
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