principles of sustainability quiz question answers

Chapter 1 Part 1 Question 15 out of 5 points

Historians suggest a primary cause of deforestation in ancient Greece and Rome was:

Selected Answer:3.overgrazing by domesticated animals

Correct Answer:3.overgrazing by domesticated animals

Question 25 out of 5 points

The Persians had a good attitude about nature but they lacked...

Selected Answer:1.accurate knowledge of the workings of nature.

Correct Answer:1.accurate knowledge of the workings of nature.


...was the most widespread and noticeable change made in the natural environment by Roman activity.

Selected Answer:4.Loss of forests

Correct Answer:4.Loss of forests


"We are the absolute masters of what the Earth produces..." is from the ancient writings of:

Selected Answer:1.the Roman, Cicero

Correct Answer:1.the Roman, Cicero


Which great naturalist thought experiencing nature was as important as food or water?

Selected Answer:4.Henry David Thoreau

Correct Answer:4.Henry David Thoreau


Aldo Leopold's concept of a land ethic...

Selected Answer:3.argued for human responsibility of the land that they inhabit, emphasizing the ecological importance of the land as a whole.

Correct Answer:3.argued for human responsibility of the land that they inhabit, emphasizing the ecological importance of the land as a whole.


Carl Linnaeus is called...

Selected Answer:1.the father of modern taxonomy.

Correct Answer:1.the father of modern taxonomy.


The great naturalist credited with documenting metamorphosis in butterflies was...

Selected Answer:4.Maria Sibylla Merian

Correct Answer:4.Maria Sibylla Merian

Chapter 1 Part 3Question 1

How do religion, spirituality, and belief systems play a role in human relationships to nature and thus our sustainable future? (short answer; ~1 paragraph)

Selected Answer:Religion, spirituality and belief systems play a big part in the human relationships to nature. Most religions have some code, law or guidance on the topic of nature and state that it is part of their gods creation or that it is all connected and can affect all. Some religions have even begun to support enviromental change such as the catholics and buddhists. Religion is a big part of human culture and thus if the church or spiritual guiders can all get on board and support our susstainable future the earth will be in a better sustainable place. Everyone has different view points but if the majority of the world and religions can get together and agree on the same sustainable future 84% of the world will be affected. That will make the difference for our children's future and for the Earth's. Everyone has beliefs and everyone should want to help the earth and with religion, sirituality and belief systems we can all agree that the earth and its sustainability need to be saved for our children's sake.

Correct Answer:[None]

Response Feedback:[None Given]


In the US, a large part of the need for a more sustainable relationship to nature was addressed in the 20th Century through the rapid growth of environmental law and regulation.

Selected Answer:True

Correct Answer:True


"Human beings are at the center of concerns for sustainable development." is

Selected Answer:1.Principle 1 of the Rio Declaration.

Correct Answer:1.Principle 1 of the Rio Declaration.


According to OECD reports, the US...

Selected Answer:4.all of the above.

Correct Answer:4.all of the above.


In regards to sustainability, "...the United States has not used a national strategy or sustainability _______." (one word; fill in the blank).[Blank1]

Specified Answer for: Blank1indicators

Correct Answers for: Blank1

Evaluation MethodCorrect AnswerCase Sensitivity

Exact Matchindicators

Chapter 1 Part 5Question 120 out of 20 points

Please match the following pairs.

QuestionSelected Match

Rachel CarsonC.marine biologist

Silent SpringD.birdsong absence

DDTA.persistent organic pollutant

TEPPB.nerve gas


E. O. Wilson writes that we care about the environment...

Selected Answer:2....but we do not know why we care.

Correct Answer:2....but we do not know why we care.


"The Great Work before us, the task of moving modern industrial civilization from its present devastating influence on the Earth to a more benign mode of presence, is not a role that we have chosen. It is a role given to us, beyond any consultation with ourselves. We did not choose. We were chosen by some power beyond ourselves. We did not choose the moment of our birth, who our parents will be, our particular culture or the historical moment when we will be born. We do not choose the status of spiritual insight or political or economic conditions that will be the context of our lives. We are, as it were, thrown into existence with a challenge and a role that is beyond any personal choice. The nobility of our lives, however, depends upon the manner in which we come to understand and fulfill our assigned role. This is our great work and the work of our children." ...are the words of...

Selected Answer:5.Thomas Berry

Correct Answer:5.Thomas Berry


"In Africa, however, a region that has hardly contributed to climate change, it will be a matter of life and death. Unless we change our course, the coming generations will inherit an impoverished environment that will mean a hungrier, less fertile, and more unstable world." ...are the words of...

Selected Answer:1.Wangari Mathai

Correct Answer:1.Wangari Mathai


Oren Lyons writes...

Selected Answer:4."Can we survive another five hundred years of "sustainable" development"? I don't think so. Not with today's definitions of sustainable."

Correct Answer:4."Can we survive another five hundred years of "sustainable" development"? I don't think so. Not with today's definitions of sustainable."


Weak sustainability is an approach that...

Selected Answer:3.considers natural resources utilitarian and that they can be replaced by other forms of capital.

Correct Answer:3.considers natural resources utilitarian and that they can be replaced by other forms of capital.


Sustainability is...

Selected Answer:1.will of the people stuff.

Correct Answer:1.will of the people stuff.


Futurist Adam Fricker wrote: The challenge of sustainability is neither wholly technical nor rational. It is one of change in...[Blank1](3 words)

Specified Answer for: Blank1attitude and behaviour



Exact Matchattitude and behaviour

Exact Matchattitude and behavior.


Sustainability textbook author Nolberto Munier tell us:

Selected Answer:3."Sustainability is a process involving people, institutions, natural resources, and the environment. It is implemented collectively and really points to the future. It is a process that involves changes in behaviour, attitudes, consumption patterns, spending and purchasing habits, and how society perceives and values the environment."

Correct Answer:3."Sustainability is a process involving people, institutions, natural resources, and the environment. It is implemented collectively and really points to the future. It is a process that involves changes in behaviour, attitudes, consumption patterns, spending and purchasing habits, and how society perceives and values the environment."


According to the Brundtland report...

Selected Answer:4.The concept of sustainable development does imply limits - not absolute limits but limitations imposed by the present state of technology and social organization on environmental resources and by the ability of the biosphere to absorb the effects of human activities.

Correct Answer:4.The concept of sustainable development does imply limits - not absolute limits but limitations imposed by the present state of technology and social organization on environmental resources and by the ability of the biosphere to absorb the effects of human activities.


Agenda 21 is...

Selected Answer:1.A comprehensive action plan to help limit human impact on the environment.

Correct Answer:1.A comprehensive action plan to help limit human impact on the environment.


1992, the Dublin Statement dealt with the use and misuse of _____ on a global scale. (one word)[Blank1]

Specified Answer for: Blank1water



Exact Matchwater

Exact Matchwaters


The ____________ _____________ deal with aspects of assessing progress toward sustainable development.[Blank1]

Specified Answer for: Blank1Belagio Principles



Exact MatchBellagio Principles

Exact Matchbelagio principles


The Brundtland Report serves as a vital historical marker because...

Selected Answer:4.All of the above.

Correct Answer:4.All of the above.


Economic sustainability involves the concept of...

Selected Answer:1.utilizing human-made capital, or traditional economic capital, and human capital, or labor, to its fullest, most efficient potential.

Correct Answer:1.utilizing human-made capital, or traditional economic capital, and human capital, or labor, to its fullest, most efficient potential.


[x1]is usually interpreted as maintenance of natural capital in such a way as to support the services provided by ecosystems. The environmental sources of capital include the remaining stocks of raw materials, as well as those stocks of renewable resources. Certain areas have a capacity to assimilate wastes, and these areas are also counted.

Specified Answer for: x1Environmental sustainability

Correct Answers for: x1


Exact MatchEnvironmental sustainability

Exact Matchenvironmental sustainability

Exact Matchenvironmetal sustainability

Exact Matchenvironmental sustainbility


Regarding the prospects for sustainability in the post-Brundtland global order, authors Sneddon, Howarth and Norgaard say that burgeoning levels of energy consumption, enhanced levels of ecological degradation, a growing public mistrust of science, vast inequalities in economic opportunities both within and across societies, and a fractured set of institutional arrangements for global environmental governance; all represent seemingly insurmountable obstacles to a move towards sustainability.


Correct Answer:True


Holling's work suggests that the complexity of living systems of people and nature emerges not from a random association of a large number of interacting factors rather...

Selected Answer:1."from an isolated set of coincidences."

Correct Answer:4."from a smaller number of controlling processes."


A panarchy is a representation of a hierarchy as a nested set of adaptive cycles.


Correct Answer:True


According to Holling, human systems exhibit at least three features that are uniquefeatures that change the character and location of variability within the panarchy and that can dramatically enhance the potential of the panarchies themselves. Those three features are:

Selected Answer:3.strong values, strong, will, and a sense of purpose.

Correct Answer:2.foresight, communication, and technology.


Resilience is:

Selected Answer:4.the ability of a system to respond to change without altering the structure of function of the system.

Correct Answer:2.the ability of a system to respond to change without altering the structure of function of the system.


The Precautionary Principle, also known as the Precautionary Approach, can be defined as:

Selected Answer:2.a policy and decision-making tool of taking preventative measures to avoid risks to public health or the environment, even in the absence of definitive scientific proof.

Correct Answer:2.a policy and decision-making tool of taking preventative measures to avoid risks to public health or the environment, even in the absence of definitive scientific proof.


The Precautionary Principle was incorporated into:

Selected Answer:5.Answers 1, 2, 3 above.



The Precautionary Principle is meant to direct the decision making process when analytical and predictive data is unavailable or unclear.


Correct Answer:True


The emergence of the Precautionary Principle has...

Selected Answer:2.marked a shift from postdamage control (civil liability as a curative tool) to the level of a pre-damage control (anticipatory measures) of risks.

Correct Answer:4.marked a shift from postdamage control (civil liability as a curative tool) to the level of a pre-damage control (anticipatory measures) of risks.


Emergy and transformity values can...

Selected Answer:1.provide a valuable tool to explore energy relationships in regard to the economy and the environment.

Correct Answer:1.provide a valuable tool to explore energy relationships in regard to the economy and the environment.


Emergy is energy accounting system that allows for a direct comparison of the total available energy requirements for a diverse range of products, processes, or services.


Correct Answer:True


[x1]provides a method of accounting environmental values in the discussion of energy policy and natural resource management.

Specified Answer for: x1Emergy



Exact MatchEmergy


The emergy to[blank-1]ratio is a useful approach to evaluating[blank-2]and exchange across international or regional borders. Because every region has a different amount of emergy circulating in relation to the money circulating, currency used as payment for goods carries with it, in the items exchanged, an emergy amount indicative of the real[blank-3]supporting the[blank-4].

Selected Answer:The emergy tomoneyratio is a useful approach to evaluatingtradeand exchange across international or regional borders. Because every region has a different amount of emergy circulating in relation to the money circulating, currency used as payment for goods carries with it, in the items exchanged, an emergy amount indicative of the realwealthsupporting theregion.

Correct Answer:The emergy tomoneyratio is a useful approach to evaluatingtradeand exchange across international or regional borders. Because every region has a different amount of emergy circulating in relation to the money circulating, currency used as payment for goods carries with it, in the items exchanged, an emergy amount indicative of the realwealthsupporting theregion.


In examining business strategies for sustainability, analyst Derek Crews likes the following definition of sustainability:

Selected Answer:2."Capitalism achieves the greatest sustainability when allowed to focus on the bottom line."

Correct Answer:4."A business approach that creates long-term shareholder value by embracing opportunities and managing risks deriving from economic, environmental, and social developments."


The Triple Bottom Line is a business model that encompasses principles to reduce short-term cost through energy efficiency and waste reduction, value creation in both existing and new markets, as well as looking at long-term investment payoff rather than short-term.


Correct Answer:True


[x1]follows a basic premise that businesses have a multi-dimensional social responsibility, beyond their core organizational mandate for sustained profit in their enterprise.

Specified Answer for: x1CSR



Exact MatchCorporate Social Responsibility

Exact MatchCSR

Exact Matchcorporate social responsibility


According to business analysts Porter and Kramer: The concept of[blank-1]can be defined as[blank-2]that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the[blank-3]conditions in the communities in which it operates. Shared value[blank-4]focuses on identifying and expanding the connections between societal and economic[blank-5].''

Selected Answer:According to business analysts Porter and Kramer: The concept ofshared valuecan be defined aspolicies and operating practicesthat enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing theeconomic and socialconditions in the communities in which it operates. Shared valuecreationfocuses on identifying and expanding the connections between societal and economicprogress.''


Waste refers to...

Selected Answer:2.materials that are unwanted or unusablediscarded items that are perceived to have no further use or value to the generator of the waste.

Correct Answer:3.materials that are unwanted or unusablediscarded items that are perceived to have no further use or value to the generator of the waste.


The U.S. Department of Commerce defines durable goods as those that last three years or more and nondurable goods as those that last less than three years.


Correct Answer:True


According to USEPA analysis, in 2009, US municipal solid waste generation declined to 4.34 pounds per person per day.


Correct Answer:True


According to Munier, we are losing the battle with waste. The answer is twofold:

Selected Answer:2.We have to develop good means of waste management and we have to reduce the production of waste.

Correct Answer:2.We have to develop good means of waste management and we have to reduce the production of waste.


An estimated 12.3 billion tons of municipal solid waste were collected worldwide in 2011.


Correct Answer:True


The[x1]diverts solid waste away from landfills and incinerators by reducing, reusing, and recycling waste.

Specified Answer for: x1low waste approach



Exact Matchlow waste approach

Exact Matchlow-waste approach


The most common way to dispose of municipal solid waste is...

Selected Answer:1.land-filling or open dumping.

Correct Answer:1.land-filling or open dumping.


The Integrated Solid Waste Management Hierarchy...

Selected Answer:1.includes waste reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting, waste recovery, incineration with and without energy recovery, disposal in landfills.

Correct Answer:1.includes waste reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting, waste recovery, incineration with and without energy recovery, disposal in landfills.


Waste prevention strategies take many different forms, including...




Which country demonstrated that it is technically feasible to recycle and compost 35-50 percent of municipal solid waste at a cost no greater than the cost to operate a disposal-only solid waste system?

Selected Answer:2.Germany

Correct Answer:5.Germany


In 2009, the U.S. recycling rate was 1.46 pounds per person per day.


Correct Answer:True


An example of nature's closed waste cycle is:




RCRA Subtitle C wastes fall into the following four major categories:

Selected Answer:3.characteristic wastes, listed wastes, mixed wastes, and universal wastes.

Correct Answer:3.characteristic wastes, listed wastes, mixed wastes, and universal wastes.


Characteristic hazardous wastes are those which are flammable, corrosive, reactive, toxic, or infectious/pathogenic.


Correct Answer:True


LLMW, HLW, MTRU are all examples of[x1]waste under RCRA and AEA.

Specified Answer for: x1Mixed



Exact Matchmixed

Exact Matchmixed waste

Exact Matchmixed hazardous

Exact Matchmixed hazardous waste

Exact Matchmixed wastes


Under RCRA, electroplating sludge, and iron and steel manufacturing waste are examples of:

Selected Answer:2.listed waste.

Correct Answer:3.listed waste.


Denver, CO. | September 16th, 2011First Federal Criminal Charges Brought Against Recycler for Exporting Toxic e-WasteRead this short article. For 20 points, what is name of the company who was named in the federal charges?[Blank1]

Specified Answer for: Blank1Executive Recycling Inc



Exact MatchExecutive Recycling Inc.

Exact MatchExecutive Recycling

Exact MatchExecutive Recycling Inc

Exact MatchExecutive Recycling, Inc.

Exact MatchExecutive Recycling, Inc


For plastics, the process of polymerization of the monomers that form plastics is never 100% complete, and the remaining monomer building blocks of the polymer, such as styrene and bisphenol-A, along with residual catalysts, can migrate from the polymer matrix into compounds with which they come in contact.


Correct Answer:True


Solutions to the plastic debris pollution problem are: (best answer)

Selected Answer:4.Structural controls; beach and reef cleanups; deposits, fees; source reduction; take-back schemes; industry housekeeping; recycling; bans; legislation; biodegradables.

Correct Answer:2.Structural controls; beach and reef cleanups; deposits, fees; source reduction; take-back schemes; industry housekeeping; recycling; bans; legislation; biodegradables.


In 2009, according to USEPA, the total recycling rate for plastics in municipal solid waste was:

Selected Answer:2.7.1%

Correct Answer:4.7.1%


The plastic in grocery bags is classified by USEPA as (2 best answers):

3.a non-durable good.

4.containers and packaging.

Correct Answers:3.a non-durable good.

4.containers and packaging.

Answer Feedback:This is the best answer.

Answer Feedback:Non-durable good is the best answer. This is the second best answer.


Please match the listed consideration with one of the three main pillars of Lehmann's thoughts on green urbanism:

QuestionCorrect MatchSelected Match

Embodied energyC.Energy and MaterialsA.Urban Planning and Transport

Urban landscape typologiesB.Water and BiodiversityC.Energy and Materials

Ecological city theoryA.Urban Planning and TransportB.Water and Biodiversity


The zero-waste city is a linear, open-loop eco-system.

Selected Answer:False

Correct Answer:False


According to Lehmann (2010), a city of eco-mobility has...

Selected Answer:4.a good public space network and an efficient low-impact public transport system for post-fossil-fuel mobility.

Correct Answer:4.a good public space network and an efficient low-impact public transport system for post-fossil-fuel mobility.


Much of Green Urbanism is common sense urbanism.


Correct Answer:True


A definition of community is:




The following quote from Agenda 21 best demonstrates what concept? Local authorities construct, operate and maintain economic, social and environmental infrastructure, oversee planning processes, establish local environmental policies and regulations, and assist in implementing national and sub national environmental policies. As the level of governance closest to the people, they play a vital role in educating, mobilizing and responding to the public to promote sustainable development.

Selected Answer:1.Local governance and organization has significant potential to contribute to the quest for sustainability.

Correct Answer:1.Local governance and organization has significant potential to contribute to the quest for sustainability.


Some strategies employed in urban community sustainability design are development and redesigning of mass transit, green building certification and contracting preferences, improved recycling facilities and development of waste disposal facilities that reuse waste, watershed management organizations, urban forestry, development and improvement of open space and public parks.


Correct Answer:True


According to Munier, sustainability in public administration is associated with:

Selected Answer:4.efficiency, handling of public monies, and relations with the people that they serve.

Correct Answer:3.efficiency, handling of public monies, and relations with the people that they serve.


Green building is the creation of a structure where each aspect of the design, construction, renovation, and operation pays attention to use and reuse of materials in a resourceful and environmentally sound manner.


Correct Answer:True


Green building is design and construction practices that significantly reduce, or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and its occupants with regard to site planning; safeguarding water use and water efficiency; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy; conserving materials and resources; and promoting indoor environmental quality.


Correct Answer:True


Green building:




According to the "Building the Green Way" HBR Article by Lockwood, a LEED-Platinum building has 100% less impact than a standard building.




Slums, shantytowns, informal settlements, or squatter communities are the spatial and physical manifestation of urban poverty and inequality.


Correct Answer:True


Slum upgrading generally is a provision of basic services such as water supply, waste collection, footpaths, access roads, electricity, sewage disposal, schools, community and health centers that are provided to slums through partnerships between governments, institutions, local non-governmental organizations and international organizations.


Correct Answer:True


Granting and transferring land tenure is a key strategy for ensuring ownership, security and assets to slum dwellers and is a key component of most slum upgrading projects.


Correct Answer:True


Slum upgrading is the most widespread and effective method to date to address the systemic issues of growing urban poverty and slum development.


Correct Answer:True


Urban heat island (UHI) is a term used to describe:

Selected Answer:2.the increased temperature of city centers compared to rural surroundings.

Correct Answer:3.the increased temperature of city centers compared to rural surroundings.


Urban heat island is a major concern because it causes an increase in energy consumption, reduces air quality, compromises human health and can impair water quality.


Correct Answer:True


The most common types of UHI remediation are increasing vegetation cover, creating green roofs which utilize vegetation, installing cool roofs which commonly use reflective surfaces and lastly, using cool pavements which reduce heat absorption.


Correct Answer:True


The NYC UHI case study revealed:

Selected Answer:3.that vegetation had a most significant effect on reducing the average air temperature than albedo or other built features such as building heights or road density.

Correct Answer:4.that vegetation had a most significant effect on reducing the average air temperature than albedo or other built features such as building heights or road density.


Distributed among the 305 million people that live in the US are roughly 248 million vehicles, with the top energy consumers being automobiles and light trucks.


Correct Answer:True


Transportation is the second largest consumer of energy behind industry in the world.


Correct Answer:True


Maintenance of the massive infrastructure supporting transportation costs an estimated $200 million per day in the US.


Correct Answer:True


In a modern vehicle, only about 50% of the cars fuel moves the driver.




Corporate Average Fuel Economy or CAF - is a program in operation with the Department of Transportation that sets fuel economy standards for carmakers.


Correct Answer:True


Change to our current transportation comes with many challenges. These are:




The Electric Power Research Institute and Natural Resources Defense Council released a joint report confirming that plug-in hybrid electric vehicle - or PHEVs - could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40-65% over regular vehicles.


Correct Answer:True


Although electricity is derived primarily from fossil fuels, the "well to wheel" carbon emissions of plug-in hybrid cars are reduced.


Correct Answer:True


Industrial Ecology focuses on:

Selected Answer:4.the potential interaction between industrial activities and their effect on the environment.

Correct Answer:4.the potential interaction between industrial activities and their effect on the environment.


Ecological Modernization operates from the top-down at a national level, relying on:

Selected Answer:2.policy implementation to provide incentives for individual companies to take action to comply with standards set forth, such as pollution control and waste reduction.

Correct Answer:2.policy implementation to provide incentives for individual companies to take action to comply with standards set forth, such as pollution control and waste reduction.


[x1]is the re-engineering of product design in order to use as few raw materials as possible to make a final product.

Specified Answer for: x1Dematerialization



Exact Matchdematerialization

Exact MatchDematerialization


Industrial metabolism recognizes than unlike biological metabolism in nature, human systems are closed cycles not open cycles.




Life cycle assessment is generally considered a cradle to grave method of analyzing industrial processes, and involves the gathering of raw materials from the planet, the transformation of the materials into a product, the use of the product and the disposal of the used product.


Correct Answer:True


The LCA process itself is systematic, and the ISO guidelines recommend following these four components:

Selected Answer:4.goal definition and scoping; inventory analysis; impact assessment; and interpretation.

Correct Answer:4.goal definition and scoping; inventory analysis; impact assessment; and interpretation.


What kind of LCA answers questions about how things within the system are affecting the environment?

Selected Answer:1.attributional

Correct Answer:1.attributional


A Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) involves the evaluation of the potential impacts to human and environmental health from the system being studied, and tries to demonstrate a relationship between a system and potential impacts to that system.


Correct Answer:True


Gross Domestic Product is an economic indicator that investigates the amount of materials that flow through the economic system of a country and it is sensitive to natural capital.




[x1]estimates the environmental cost of making a product or providing a service by adding up the overall material input that humans move or extract to make a product or provide a service.

Specified Answer for: x1Material Intensity per service

Material Intensity Per Service



Exact Matchmaterial intensity per service

Exact MatchMIPS

Exact MatchMaterial Intensity Per Service


According to the Bainbridge paper, one of the most important lessons from material flow and life cycle analysis is that:

Selected Answer:4.there is no away.

Correct Answer:3.there is no away.


Material flow analysis (MFA) is a systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within a system defined in space and time.


Correct Answer:True


According to USEPA, businesses "design for the environment" by: "Evaluating the human health and environmental impacts of its processes and products. "Identifying what information is needed to make human health and environmental decisions. "Conducting an assessment of alternatives. "Considering[blank-1]impacts and the benefits of substituting chemicals. "Reducing the use and release of toxic chemicals through the innovation of cleaner technologies that use safer chemicals. "Implementing[blank-2], energy efficiency, and other resource conservation measures. "Making products that can be reused,[blank-3], remanufactured, or recycled. "Monitoring the environmental impacts and costs associated with each product or process. And, "recognizing that although change can be rapid, in many cases a cycle of evaluation and[blank-4]is needed."

Selected Answer:According to USEPA, businesses "design for the environment" by: "Evaluating the human health and environmental impacts of its processes and products. "Identifying what information is needed to make human health and environmental decisions. "Conducting an assessment of alternatives. "Consideringcross-mediaimpacts and the benefits of substituting chemicals. "Reducing the use and release of toxic chemicals through the innovation of cleaner technologies that use safer chemicals. "Implementingpollution prevention, energy efficiency, and other resource conservation measures. "Making products that can be reused,refurbished, remanufactured, or recycled. "Monitoring the environmental impacts and costs associated with each product or process. And, "recognizing that although change can be rapid, in many cases a cycle of evaluation andcontinuous improvementis needed."

Correct Answer:According to USEPA, businesses "design for the environment" by: "Evaluating the human health and environmental impacts of its processes and products. "Identifying what information is needed to make human health and environmental decisions. "Conducting an assessment of alternatives. "Consideringcross-mediaimpacts and the benefits of substituting chemicals. "Reducing the use and release of toxic chemicals through the innovation of cleaner technologies that use safer chemicals. "Implementingpollution prevention, energy efficiency, and other resource conservation measures. "Making products that can be reused,refurbished, remanufactured, or recycled. "Monitoring the environmental impacts and costs associated with each product or process. And, "recognizing that although change can be rapid, in many cases a cycle of evaluation andcontinuous improvementis needed."


As a case explored in the doculecture, Duke Energy considers company decisions through four key filters; these are:

Selected Answer:1.connection, efficiency, balance, and grandchildren.

Correct Answer:1.connection, efficiency, balance, and grandchildren.


According to the Sloan Management Review survey, business sustainability embracers believe that engaging in sustainable practices will increase their customer base, and they also expect to see an increase market share and profit margins in existing markets.


Correct Answer:True


According to the Sloan Management Review survey, "cautious adopters" of business sustainability focus on efficiency, risk mitigation and regulatory compliance.


Correct Answer:True


Practices that business sustainability embracers have adopted that were identified in the Sloan Report include:




In 2010, the US National Research Council wrote in their report Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century, that farms are major contributors to:

Selected Answer:2.global greenhouse gases, biodiversity loss, natural resource degradation, and public health problems.

Correct Answer:2.global greenhouse gases, biodiversity loss, natural resource degradation, and public health problems.


Sustainable agriculture integrates the goals of:

Selected Answer:2.environmental health, economic profitability, and social and economic equity.

Correct Answer:2.environmental health, economic profitability, and social and economic equity.


Sustainable agriculture always means organic production.




Consumers can play a critical role in creating a sustainable food system.


Correct Answer:True


The participatory integration of stakeholders affecting and affected by the forest is a component of sustainable forest management.


Correct Answer:True


Characteristics of terms related to sustainability in forestry.


Conventional loggingB.No dened specics, often thought to be as exploitative, less concerned with forest regeneration and pre-harvest actionsB.No dened specics, often thought to be as exploitative, less concerned with forest regeneration and pre-harvest actions

Sustained yield (timber) managementE.Aiming for sustained timber yields; timber-centricE.Aiming for sustained timber yields; timber-centric

Conventional forest managementC.Disciplinary and hierarchical; characterized by homogeneityC.Disciplinary and hierarchical; characterized by homogeneity

Sustainable forestryA.Incorporating forest functions and services, sustaining more than timberA.Incorporating forest functions and services, sustaining more than timber

Ecosystem approachD.Originally ecological point of view, later on more holistic; aiming at management of land, water and living resources to maintain ecosystem structure and functioning and sustainable use; fostering participation; translation into practice via principles and guidance pointsD.Originally ecological point of view, later on more holistic; aiming at management of land, water and living resources to maintain ecosystem structure and functioning and sustainable use; fostering participation; translation into practice via principles and guidance points

Sustainable forest managementF.Interdisciplinary but sectoral; characterized by heterogeneity, less hierarchical, more transient and complex, socially accountable and reexive; short- and long-term perspectives; participatory process for denition of criteria and indicatorsF.Interdisciplinary but sectoral; characterized by heterogeneity, less hierarchical, more transient and complex, socially accountable and reexive; short- and long-term perspectives; participatory process for denition of criteria and indicators

Adaptive (ecosystem/forest) managementG.Interdisciplinary, iterative, fundamentally experimental and multiscalar analysis; continuous decision process; not aiming at minimization of stability and uncertainty; instead consequent selective risk-taking for better future decisionsG.Interdisciplinary, iterative, fundamentally experimental and multiscalar analysis; continuous decision process; not aiming at minimization of stability and uncertainty; instead consequent selective risk-taking for better future decisions


In Green Chemistry, atom economy suggests that whatever you put into a chemical process should result in a usable product, thus minimizing byproduct formation.


Correct Answer:True


Chemical products that should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous products and do not persist in the environment is characterized as:

Selected Answer:1.Design for Degradation

Correct Answer:1.Design for Degradation


In Green Engineering, products, processes, and systems should be designed to minimize mass, energy, space, and time efficiency.




In Green Engineering, material and energy inputs should be renewable rather than depleting.


Correct Answer:True


Definitions. All or nothing / You must complete all matches correctly to receive the full value for the question.


EnergyE.is defined as the ability or capacity to do work, such as movement against a force.E.is defined as the ability or capacity to do work, such as movement against a force.

Current (I)A.is defined as charge per unit time, measured in amperes, or amps and one amp equals one coulomb per second.A.is defined as charge per unit time, measured in amperes, or amps and one amp equals one coulomb per second.

Voltage (V)C.is defined as the push of energy that forces charge to flow, and is usually expressed in volts.C.is defined as the push of energy that forces charge to flow, and is usually expressed in volts.

Resistance (R)D.is defined as the tendency of a material to oppose the flow of current, usually measured in Ohms.D.is defined as the tendency of a material to oppose the flow of current, usually measured in Ohms.

Power (P)B.is defined as the rate at which energy is generated or used, usually measured in watts where one watt is equal to one Joule per second.B.is defined as the rate at which energy is generated or used, usually measured in watts where one watt is equal to one Joule per second.


Combined-Cycle Gas Turbine" (CCGT)...

Selected Answer:2.uses exhaust heat from a gas turbine to drive another steam turbine.

Correct Answer:5.uses exhaust heat from a gas turbine to drive another steam turbine.


As environmental regulations become better at embedding social costs into private/process costs, natural gas fired electricity generation, as well as generation fired by renewable resources, have become more competitive with coal.


Correct Answer:True


In an IGCC plant...

Selected Answer:1.coal is not burned directly, but is processed with oxygen and water in a high-pressure gasifier, to form a synthesis gas.

Correct Answer:1.coal is not burned directly, but is processed with oxygen and water in a high-pressure gasifier, to form a synthesis gas.


When we examine the estimated levelized cost of various energy technologies, the calculations indicate that wind, geothermal, and some forms of biomass are competitive with natural gas combined cycle on a levelized cost basis.


Correct Answer:True

Chapter 6 Part 3 was a written response, couldnt access the answer I wrote for some reason.


Globally, coal is the 2nd primary energy source behind oil, but 1st for electricity generation.


Correct Answer:True


From the lecture, which of the following statements about coal is incorrect:

Selected Answer:3.In the United States 2/3 of coal transport is done by interstate trucking.

Correct Answer:3.In the United States 2/3 of coal transport is done by interstate trucking.


Coal has become to be known as the dirtiest fuel source on the planet.


Correct Answer:True


Stated in the lecture, worldwide coal reserves are currently estimated at 826 billion tons equaling 119 years worth of usable resources at current consumption rates.


Correct Answer:True


Currently about 1% of the oil used in the United States is used in transportation.




Federal rights for offshore oil drilling are managed by theBureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) recently reorganized from theU.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) (formerly the Mineral Management Service) within the Department of Interior and extends 200 nautical miles from shore.


Correct Answer:True


The three types of recovery methods in oil production are:

Selected Answer:2.primary, secondary, and enhanced oil recovery.

Correct Answer:4.primary, secondary, and enhanced oil recovery.


[x1]is an indicator to express the relative magnitude of economically recoverable resources, not a representation of the number of years a resource remains.

Specified Answer for: x1RPR



Exact MatchReserves to Production Ratio

Exact MatchRPR

Exact Matchreserve to production ratio

Exact Matchreserve-to-production-ratio

Exact Matchreserve-to-production ratio

Exact Matchreserves to production ratio

Exact MatchReserves to production ratio

Exact MatchReserves-to-production ratio


Natural gas is the cleanest hydrocarbon fuel producing the fewest harmful emissions compared to oil and coal.


Correct Answer:True


Natural gas has a low energy density meaning the energy per volume occupied is lower than other fossil fuel sources.


Correct Answer:True


Infrastructure and storage of natural gas and liquified natural gas will be a large component of natural gas utilization in the future.


Correct Answer:True


Methane, the main component in natural gas is a large component of global climate change and warming temperatures around the globe.


Correct Answer:True


[blank] due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70% between 1970 and 2004.

Selected Answer:2.Global GHG emissions

Correct Answer:5.Global GHG emissions


According to the IPCC, there is high agreement and much evidence that with current climate change mitigation policies and related sustainable development practices that:

Selected Answer:2.global GHG emissions will continue to grow over the next few decades.

Correct Answer:2.global GHG emissions will continue to grow over the next few decades.


Examples of impacts associated with global average temperature change for North America are:




In the IPCC analysis, there is high confidence that neither adaptation nor mitigation alone can avoid all climate change impacts; however, they can complement each other and together can significantly reduce the risks of climate change.


Correct Answer:True


A barrier to the use of wind power as a viable energy source is:




Wind is the worlds fastest growing electric technology.


Correct Answer:True

Response Feedback:"Towards an electricity-powered world" Armaroli and Balzani, 2011


Thermal solar energy systems include:




According to the assigned reading, concentrating solar power (CSP) plants produce hot uids by solar heat and then use them to generate electricity by the same technology used in fossil fuels and nuclear plants.


Correct Answer:True


The five major observations in the McKinsey report "Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the US Economy" are:




The central conclusion of the McKinsey report ""Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the US Economy" is that EE offers a vast, low-cost energy resource for the US economy - but only if the nation can craft a comprehensive and innovative approach to unlock it.


Correct Answer:True


The economic benefits of EE include:

Selected Answer:4.Lower utility bills for consumers, better energy services, a more productive and competitive economy, and long-lasting assistance to low-income utility support programs.

Correct Answer:5.Lower utility bills for consumers, better energy services, a more productive and competitive economy, and long-lasting assistance to low-income utility support programs.


Energy prices that do not reflect societal cost, provides a public good linked to under-investment, imperfect information for consumers, bounded rationality with decision makers, and split incentives are all attributes of:

Selected Answer:1.Market failure of EE.

Correct Answer:1.Market failure of EE.


Negatives of renewable energy include:

Selected Answer:1.high up-front costs, inconsistent and low support from governments, deliverability of the resource, intermittent resources, and some environmental impacts.

Correct Answer:2.high up-front costs, inconsistent and low support from governments, deliverability of the resource, intermittent resources, and some environmental impacts.


We face a future where energy alternatives, carbon capture and sequestration, production and consumption efficiency, and stabilizing or increasing forest and agricultural productivity are the required paths to stabilizing and mitigating climate change.


Correct Answer:True


According toREN21 (2011), liquid biofuels provided about 2.7% of global road transport fuels in 2010.


Correct Answer:True


Key drivers of energy choices include:

Selected Answer:1.demand growth, supply challenges, environmental constraints, security of supply, and technology and policy.

Correct Answer:1.demand growth, supply challenges, environmental constraints, security of supply, and technology and policy.


As a result of their close proximity to urban landscapes, a 2010 analysis showed forty-five percent of the rivers and streams in the United States were listed as not meeting basic water quality standards.


Correct Answer:True


Which is a true statement about groundwater?

Selected Answer:2.Groundwater refers to the subterranean aquifers that over half of the population of the United States, and 1.7 billion people all around the world rely on for freshwater.

Correct Answer:4.Groundwater refers to the subterranean aquifers that over half of the population of the United States, and 1.7 billion people all around the world rely on for freshwater.


The UN World Water Development Report 4 (2012) observes that there are major uncertainties about the amount of water required to meet demand for food, energy and other human uses, and to sustain ecosystems. Furthermore, these uncertainties are compounded by the impact of climate change on available water resources.


Correct Answer:True


The present and future challenges of water for humanity include:




The disability adjusted life year, DALY equals the child mortality rate divided by the disability adjusted life span in a community.




Water related disease includes:




According a 2010 report of the WHO, each year there are two and a quarter million cases of this water-related disease, killing over three quarters of million people, mostly children.[Blank1]

Specified Answer for: Blank1Malaria



Exact MatchMalaria


For the sustainable control of water-related infectious diseases, researchers Batterman, et al. suggest linkages of key processes within the water-related infectious disease cycle include:




The primary constituents of wastewater removal are:

Selected Answer:1.Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus, nitrogen, and pathogenic organisms.

Correct Answer:1.Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus, nitrogen, and pathogenic organisms.


In municipal wastewater treatment, the most common type of suspended growth process is:

Selected Answer:4.a secondary clarification.

Correct Answer:1.an activated sludge system.


Sludge is typically

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