principles of communication-ak
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
1/34
Understanding
Interpersonal and Organizational
Communication
Conducted by:
Prof.Ashok Kapoor
MDI
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
2/34
But weve been communicating
for years now.
So, why a full session
to learn communication?
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
3/34
Organizational Factors
Hierarchies and Time Constraints
Formal and Informal Communication
Scale Spread
Technology
Financial constraints
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
4/34
What is Communication?
Communication is a
two-way process of exchanging
ideas or information
among human beings
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
5/34
Elements of
Communication
Message
Message
Receiver decoder
Receiver decoder
Medium/ Channel
Medium/ Channel
Sender encoder
Sender encoder
Feedback
Feedback
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
6/34
Shannon-Weaver Model of the
Communication Process
Transmitter
Transmitter Channel
Channel Receptor
Receptor
Feedback
Feedback Encode
Encode
Meaning
Meaning
Encode
Encode
Transmitter
TransmitterChannel
ChannelReceptor
Receptor
Decode
Decode
Meaning
Meaning
Decode
DecodeMessages
NOISE
SENDER RECEIVER
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
7/34
Internal & External Stimuli
Internal Stimuli
Attitudes
Beliefs
Opinions
Emotions
Experiences
Knowledge
Semantics
External Stimuli
Physical surroundings
Weather
Discomforts
Noise in the machine
such as telephone,
poor printout, badhandwriting
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
8/34
Internal & External Stimuli
Internal Stimuli
Consciousness
of personalstatus
Ability to thinkclearly
Low interest orinvolvement
Distraction
Fatigue
External Stimuli
Cultural customs
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
9/34
What the manager said:
Your performance was below par last
quarter. I really expected more out of you.
What the manager meant:
You are going to have to try harder, but I
know you can do it
What the subordinate heard:
If you spoil one more time, youre out
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
10/34
What the manager said:
Id like that report as soon as you can get
to it
What the manager meant:
I need that report within the week
What the subordinate heard: Drop that rush order youre working on
and fill out that report today
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
11/34
What the manager said:
I talked to the boss but at the present time, due
to budget problems, well be unable to fullymatch your competitive salary offer.
What the manager meant:
We can give you 95% of that offer, and I knowwell be able to do even more next year.
What the subordinate heard:
If I were you, Id take that competitive offer.Were certainly not going to pay that kind ofsalary to a person with your credentials
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
12/34
What the manager said:
You people seem to be having some problems
getting their work out on time. I want you to lookinto this situation and straighten it out.
What the manager meant:
Talk to your people and find out what theproblem is. Then get with them and jointly solveit.
What the subordinate heard:
I dont care how many heads you bust, just getme that output. Ive got enough problems outhere without you messing things up.
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
13/34
Communication Model
Context
Speak/Write
Transmission
Transmitter Receiver
Idea
Thought
Formulation
Convert to
Language
Hear/Read
Perceive
Interpret
Assess & Formulate
Language
Respond/React
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
14/34
Message
Sent
Goal :
Clear
Communication
No
Attention
AttendingWrong
Perception
Wrong
Interpretation
Wrong
Assessment
Wrong
Response
Perceiving
Interpreting
Assessing
Responding
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
15/34
Barriers to communication
Filtering Selective Perception
Emotions
Language
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
16/34
Overcoming Barriers
Use Feedback Simplify Language
Listen Attentively
Constrain Emotions
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
17/34
Conditions for successful
communication
Rule of five
Receive
Understand
AcceptUse
Give a Feedback
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
18/34
Characteristics of
Successful Communication
Considerate
Clear
Complete
Concise
Concrete
Correct
Courtesy
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
19/34
Consider who you are
communicating with?
Intrapersonal communication Interpersonal communication
Group communication
Mass communication
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
20/34
Consider, how you communicate
Verbal communication
Oral communication
Written communication
Non-verbal communication
Through body movements, the intonations oremphasis we give to words, facial expressions,
physical distance between the sender and the
receiver
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
21/34
Consider, how you communicate
Meta Communication: choice of words thatcommunicate more than what the actual word
states Eg: Ive never seen you so smartly
dressed
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
22/34
Oral vs Written
Communication
ImmediateFeedback
More conversationalsentences
Focus oninterpersonal
relations Contextual nature
Delayed feedback
Less spontaneity
Less colloquial quality
Focus on content
Greater linguistic
emphasis
ORAL WRITTEN
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
23/34
Oral vs Written
Communication
PrompterAction
Less detailed,technicalinformation
Permanent record
Detailed
documentation
Possibility of review
ORAL WRITTEN
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
24/34
Is there any point in communicating?
Consider, why we communicate
To inform
To order
To advise To suggest
To motivate
To persuade
To warn
To educate
To raise morale
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
25/34
Messages travel!
Downward Communication
Upward Communication Horizontal Communication
Grapevine
Consensus
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
26/34
Downward Communication
Usually five types of messages observed:
Job Instructions Job rationales
Procedures and practices information
Feedback
Indoctrination of organizational ideology
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
27/34
Problems with
effective downward communication
Inadequate Information
Overload Heavy reliance on mediated methods
(written, mechanical and electronic)
Filtering: Deliberate or otherwise
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
28/34
Limitations of downward
communication
Delay
Message abbreviation Message Distortion
Message Overload
Incomplete Information
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
29/34
Upward Communication
Meetings
Counseling
Open Door Policy Correspondence
Participation in Social Gatherings & GroupEvents
Reports
Suggestion Boxes
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
30/34
Problems of Upward
communication
Lack of encouragement
Concealing unfavourable facts Delay, Distortion and Filtering
Bypassing and suspicion
PoorListening Communication Criticism
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
31/34
Horizontal communication
Refers to the flow of messages across
functional areas at a given level of anorganization
Usual means ofHC
Telephone and face-to-face
Meetings
Written media
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
32/34
Problems in
Horizontal Communication
Territoriality Rivalry
Specialization
Simple lack of motivation
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
33/34
Grapevine
Grapevine is another name for
Informal communication.
It involves a great deal of information ,
usually occurs in cluster transmissionpatterns, is fast and more often accurate
than inaccurate
-
8/8/2019 Principles of Communication-AK
34/34
ThankY
ou