principles of a+p 1112 session 5 - joints (structure)
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Principles of Anatomy and Physiology in Sport
Session 5Joints
Re-Cap – Last Session• Assignment 1
• Questions??
Aim
• To complete assignment 1
Objectives
• To be able to describe the main classifications of joints in the body
• To be able to describe a synovial joint structure
• To be able to provide examples of each classification of joint
Joints
A joint is where two or more bones meet and
muscles act together to cause movement.
The human skeleton is jointed to allow movement.
Muscular contraction causes the bones to move about the joints.
The bones act as levers with the joints acting as pivots.
1. Fixed or Immoveable JointsThe bones at an immoveable joint cannot move - they overlap or interlock, and are held together by a tough fibre, e.g. the skull.
2. Slightly Moveable JointsThe bones at a slightly moveable joint can only
move a little - they are held together by strong straps called ligaments and are joined by protective
pads known as cartilage, e.g. the ribs.3. Freely Moveable JointsAt a freely moveable joint the bones move
freely.They are also known as synovial joints, andare the largest group of joints found in the
body, e.g. the hips, shoulders and knees.
Types of JointThere are 3 main classifications of joint found in the body.
Drag the labels to the correct place on the skeleton...Types of Joint
Freely Moveable joints are also known as Synovial Joints. They are freely moving and occur where 2 or more bones meet. There are about 70 freely moveable joints in the human
skeleton. A typical synovial joint has the following characteristics:
2. Joint Capsule – The outer covering of the joint that holds the bones together and protects the joint.
3. Synovial Membrane – The inner lining of the joint capsule which also produces synovial fluid.
4. Synovial Fluid – The fluid which surrounds the joint and acts like an ‘oil’, lubricating it to allow easy movement.
5. Ligaments – These are elastic straps which join bone to bone, holding the joint together.
6. Tendons – These are non-elastic straps which join muscle to bone.
1. Cartilage – A material which covers the end of each bone, and which helps prevent friction between the joint.
Freely Moveable Joints
The knee is a hinge joint.
Ligaments
TendonsTibia/Fibula
FemurCartilage
Synovial Fluid
Synovial Membrane
Patella
The Synovial Joint of the Knee
The Hip is a ball and socket joint.
Ligaments
Synovial Fluid
Tendons
SynovialMembrane
Pelvis
Cartilage
Femur
The Synovial Joint of the Hip
Elbow Joint
This joint can be moved in the following ways: Bend Straighten Circle Move away from the body Move towards the body
This joint can be moved in the following ways: Bend Straighten
Hip Joint
Examples of Synovial Joints
This joint can be moved in the following ways: Bend Straighten Circle Move away from the body Move towards the body
This joint can be moved in the following ways: Bend Straighten
Shoulder JointShoulder Joint Knee JointKnee Joint
This joint can be moved in the following ways:
Bend – but not as much as the knee & elbow. Straighten - but not as much as the knee & elbow. Circle – but not as much as the shoulder & hip. Move away from the body – but not as much as the shoulder & hip. Move towards the body – but not as much as the shoulder & hip.
Wrist Joint
KEYBall & Socket JointHinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Gliding Joint
Saddle Joint
Condyloid Joint
Freely moveable (synovial) joints can be divided into six groups depending upon how they move.
Types of Synovial Joint
Types of Synovial JointDrag the labels to the correct place on the skeleton...
Summary• Classification of joints
• Structure of synovial joint
• Examples of each classification of joint
Objectives• To be able to describe the main classifications
of joints in the body
• To be able to describe a synovial joint structure
• To be able to provide examples of each classification of joint
Next Session
• Types of joints
• Movement