principles of animation. what do the principles do? the 12 principles are mostly about 5 things:...

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PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION

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Page 1: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION

Page 2: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO?

• The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: – acting the performance, – directing the performance, – representing reality through drawing, – modeling and rendering, – interpreting real world physics and – editing a sequence of actions“make characters that move in a convincing way to

communicate personality and mood”. –Dr. Lili Ann

Page 3: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

INTRODUCTION TO THE 12 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wECvv4ehm7g

Page 4: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

SQUASH AND STRETCH

This tends to be the most important principle. It’s about achieving the illusion of weight and flexibility with characters and, in general, any object. The volume of the object MUST be kept the same.

Page 5: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

SQUASH AND STRETCH

A ball without the volumekept the same

A ball with the volume kept the same

Page 6: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

EXAMPLES:

• A bouncing rubber ball squashes when it hits the ground, then stretches back upon rebounding. • Facial expressions: • Squash: in a big smile not only the mouth and

cheeks move, we have eyes squinting and more -- the whole face can be involved; • Stretch: yell! With the jawbone open wide, the

face gets longer, looking stretched.

Page 7: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

ANTICIPATION

• This is used to prepare the audience for an action, and to make the action more realistic. They are short actions performed right before main ones, like crouching a little before jumping or swinging your leg back before kicking a ball.

Page 8: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

• To get people to look at a chosen spot on the screen all that is needed is to have motion there. • If we want people to see a character grabbing a

small object, that is the main action. To draw attention to it, we start with an anticipating move, like raising her hand above the object. At this point we “grabbed” attention to her, so she can go and take the object, properly witnessed by the audience.

REASON FOR ANTICIPATION

Page 9: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

EXAMPLES

• A dancer does not just leap off the floor. A backwards motion occurs before the forward action is made. The backward motion is the anticipation.

Page 10: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

STAGING

• The idea behind this is to direct the audience’s attention, and make it clear what is of greatest importance in a scene; what is happening and what is about to happen.• To stage an idea clearly, the audience's eye must

be led to exactly where it needs to be at the right moment. • It is important that when staging an action, that

only one idea be seen by the audience at a time

Page 11: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

STAGING

• Scene staging: do not put things in a scene just because you can or because they look cool. Each detail should have its role and help define the setting.

Page 12: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

STRAIGHT AHEAD ACTIONAND POSE TO POSE

• This has to do with the drawing process. One way is drawing out a scene frame by frame from beginning to end (straight ahead action), and the other way involves with starting to draw key frames and then filling the intervals later – also known as “in-betweening” (pose to pose).

Page 13: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

FOLLOW THROUGH AND OVER-LAPPING ACTION

• When characters come to a stop or start moving or even change direction, not all of their body parts and appendages do it at the same time. Some will continue moving or lag behind for a short while. Accounting for this is vital to produce believable, lively animations.

Page 14: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

EXAMPLES

• Superman is flying and comes to a halt and his cape floats down coming to a rest after he has stopped.

• While Superman is flying, his cape is not stuck to his body. When Superman’s body comes to a stop, the cape must also stop flowing.

Page 15: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

SLOW IN AND OUT

• This principle has a lot to do with acceleration and deceleration (slowing down). The bouncing ball example demonstrates this. Think of fast to slowing movement, or from slow to a faster movement

Page 16: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

SLOW IN AND SLOW OUT

• FPS: the more frames an action takes to complete, the slower it is, naturally: at 24 fps, a hand going from open to closed in 24 frames represents 1 second of animation, while using 48 frames it takes 2 seconds to close. Thus, we can vary the pace of movement by using less or more frames for a given part of an action. Using more right after a main pose we have slow-out; right before: slow-in.

Page 17: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

ARCS

• Most human actions occur along an arched trajectory. This also would apply to pendulums or even a ball bouncing in a certain direction. It helps to create greater realism.

Page 18: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

SECONDARY ACTIONS

• There are main actions: walking, talking, jumping, etc. and secondary ones that complement, enrich, or reinforce the main action. Examples: tilting and turning the head and gesturing while speaking; swinging arms while walking. True secondary actions should add to the overall impression, not steal attention from the main one.

Page 19: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

EXAMPLE

• Imagine a squirrel, running across your lawn. The movement of the squirrel's legs (primary action) would be animated to express the light, nimble nature of his movement. The agile movement of the squirrel's tail (secondary action) would have a separate and slightly different type of movement than his legs. The squirrel's tail is an example of secondary action.

Page 20: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

TIMING

• This is essential to the physical realm and to storytelling. It makes the objects appear to abide to the laws of physics. Often it is connected to the idea of choppiness in a scene make the story line appear incorrect, or to some mismatch in a scene that doesn’t appear like it makes sense, such as a ball bouncing unevenly.

Page 21: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

EXAGGERATION

• This technique helps to induce comedy into scenes. As Disney often did, he tried to stay close to real scenes but just presented his characters and objects in wilder and more extreme forms (If a character is sad, make him sadder; if he is bright, make him shine; mad, make him furious). It involves alterations to the characters or objects in the storyline itself.

Page 22: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

SOLID DRAWING

• The principle for this technique applies in the same way as to an animator or an academic artist. They have to understand the basics of anatomy, composition, weight, balance, light and shadow. They must take into account forms in 3D space. Knowing them can dramatically improve one’s ability to create good, strong poses and compose them with well crafted environments.

Page 23: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

NON-SOLID VS. SOLID DRAWING

Page 24: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

APPEAL

• Animated characters must be interesting to the audience. They don’t need to be lovely, cute, and nice, but they must be interesting, and somehow attractive. This includes objects that draw viewers’ attention.

Page 25: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

NOT APPEALING VS. APPEALING

Page 26: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

CAN YOU NAME ALL 5 PRINCIPLES IN THIS ANIMATION?

Page 27: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

THE 12 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION

Be prepared to write a quiz on these 12 principles!!

“My mom told me to never forget my principles!”

Page 28: PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION. WHAT DO THE PRINCIPLES DO? The 12 principles are mostly about 5 things: –acting the performance, –directing the performance,

REVIEW

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqGL1ZLk3n8