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PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING – b.Com part – I 2013 – PRIVATE (SUPPLEMENTARY) – Solved Paper Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2 [email protected]

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Page 1: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING – b.Com part – I

2013 – PRIVATE (SUPPLEMENTARY) – Solved Paper

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain

www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net

www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Page 2: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 1

Instructions: (1) Attempt any FIVE questions. (2) All questions carry equal marks. (3) Use of calculator is allowed. Do not use abbreviations. (4) Answers without necessary computations will not be accepted. (5) All journal entries should be properly dated, intended and narrated. Q.No.1 WORKSHEET Unadjusted trial balance of Zulfiqar & Company on December 31, 2013 as under:

Title of Accounts Debit Credit

Cash 23,600

Accounts receivable 25,000

Office supplies 6,000

Furniture 40,000

Allowance for depreciation – Furniture 5,000

Prepaid advertising 7,000

Merchandise inventory (1.1.2013) 10,000

Accounts payable 15,000

Allowance for bad debts 400

Commission income 8,000

Sales 120,000

Purchases 85,000

Salaries expenses 12,000

Insurance expense 10,000

Zulfiqar – Capital 75,000

Zulfiqar – Drawings 4,000

Total 223,000 223,000

Supplementary Data for Adjustments: (i) Merchandise inventory on December 31, 2013 was valued at Rs.15,000. (ii) Office supplies used during the year Rs.2,500. (iii) Salaries expense for the year amounted to Rs.15,000. (iv) Unearned commission amounted to Rs.1,000. (v) Bad debts is estimated to be 10% of accounts receivable. (vi) Depreciation is charged @ 15% by diminishing balance method.

REQUIRED Prepare ten column worksheet. SOLUTION 1

ZULFIQAR & COMPANY TEN COLUMN WORK SHEET

FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

Page 3: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 2

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Page 4: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 3

Q.No.2 ADJUSTING AND CLOSING ENTRIES REQUIRED From the data given in question # 1, prepare the adjusting and closing entries. SOLUTION 2

ZULFIQAR & COMPANY ADJUSTING ENTRIES

FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Merchandise inventory 15,000 Expense and revenue summary 15,000 (To close the ending inventory)

2 Office supplies expense 2,500 Office supplies 2,500 (To adjust the office supplies)

3 Salaries expense 3,000 Salaries payable 3,000 (To adjust the unpaid salaries)

4 Commission income 1,000 Unearned commission 1,000 (To adjust the commission income)

5 Bad debts expense 2,900 Allowance for bad debts 2,900 (To adjust the bad debts expense)

6 Depreciation expenses 5,250 Allowance for depreciation 5,250 (To adjust the depreciation expense)

ZULFIQAR & COMPANY

CLOSING ENTRIES FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Expense and revenue summary 130,650 Merchandise inventory 10,000 Purchases 85,000 Salaries expenses 15,000 Insurance expenses 10,000 Office supplies expenses 2,500 Bad debts expenses 2,900 Depreciation expenses 5,250 (To close the various expense accounts)

2 Sales 120,000 Commission income 7,000 Merchandise inventory 15,000 Expense and revenue summary 142,000 (To close the various income accounts)

Page 5: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 4

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

3 Expense and revenue summary 11,350 Zulfiqar – Capital 11,350 (To close the expense and revenue summary account)

4 Zulfiqar – Capital 4,000 Zulfiqar – Drawings 4,000 (To close the drawings account)

Q.No.3 VALUATION OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE On January 1, 2013, Asghar Company showed the accounts receivable account balance of Rs.400,000 and the allowance for bad debts showed a credit balance of Rs.20,000. During the year 2013 transactions relating to accounts receivable were as under:

(a) Total sales Rs.900,000 including cash sales of Rs.100,000. (b) Sales return and allowance Rs.30,000. (c) Sales discount Rs.20,000. (d) Customer’s account written off during the year Rs.10,000. (e) Cash collected from credit customers Rs.500,000. (f) A customer’s account is showing a credit balance of Rs.5,000. (g) A previously written off account of Rs.12,000 was subsequently recovered to the extent of

Rs.8,000. (h) Promissory note received from customers to apply on account Rs.25,000.

As per company’s policy, allowance for bad debts on December 31, 2013 shall be equal to 5% of accounts receivable year-end balance. REQUIRED

(a) Record the above transactions in the General Journal including the year-end adjusting entry. (b) Prepare allowance for bad debts account. (c) Prepare a partial balance sheet as on December 31, 2013.

SOLUTION 3 (a)

ASGHAR COMPANY GENERAL JOURNAL

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

(a) Accounts receivable 800,000 Cash 100,000 Sales 900,000 (To record the goods sold for cash and on credit)

(b) Sales return and allowance 30,000 Accounts receivable 30,000 (To record the goods return by customers)

(c) Sales discount 20,000 Accounts receivable 20,000 (To record the discount allowed to customers)

(d) Allowance for bad debts 10,000 Accounts receivable 10,000 (To record the write off customer’s account)

Page 6: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 5

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

(e) Cash 500,000 Accounts receivable 500,000 (To record the cash collected from customers)

(f) Accounts receivable 5,000 Advance from customers 5,000 (To record the advanced received from customer)

(g) Accounts receivable 8,000 Allowance for bad debts 8,000 (To record the recovery of previous account)

(g) Cash 8,000 Accounts receivable 8,000 (To record the cash recovered from customer)

(h) Notes receivable 25,000 Accounts receivable 25,000 (To record the note apply on accounts receivable)

(i) Bad debts expense 13,000 Allowance for bad debts 13,000 (To record the bad debts expense for the period)

ASGHAR COMPANY GENERAL LEDGER

Accounts Receivable

Jan. 1, Balance 400,000 (b) Sales return 30,000 (a) Sales 800,000 (c) Sales discount 20,000 (f) Advance from customer 5,000 (d) Allowance for bad debts 10,000 (g) Allowance for bad debts 8,000 (e) Cash 500,000 (g) Cash 8,000 (h) Notes receivable 25,000 Dec. 31 c/d balance 620,000

1,213,000 1,213,000

Jan. 1 b/d balance 620,000 Computation of Bad Debts Expense: Accounts receivable (ending balance) 620,000 Rate of uncollectible 5%

Allowance for bad debts closing balance 31,000 Add: Written off customers’ accounts 10,000 Less: Recover of previously written off account (8,000) Less: Allowance for bad debts opening balance (20,000)

Bad debts expense for the period 13,000

Page 7: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 6

SOLUTION 3 (b) ASGHAR COMPANY GENERAL LEDGER

Allowance for Bad Debts

(d) Accounts receivable 10,000 Jan. 1 Balance 20,000 Dec. 31 c/d balance 31,000 (g) Accounts receivable 8,000 Dec. 31 Bad debts expense 13,000

41,000 41,000

Jan. 1 b/d balance 31,000 SOLUTION 3 (c)

ASGHAR COMPANY BALANCE SHEET

AS ON 31 DECEMBER 2013

Assets Equities

Accounts receivable 620,000 Advance from customer 5,000 Less: Allowance for bad debts (31,000)

589,000 Notes receivable 25,000

Q.No.4 INVENTORY VALUATION (a) Merchandise inventory on March 1, 2014 Rs.20,000; Purchase during the month of March Rs.100,000; Freight – in Rs.4,000; Purchase returns Rs.3,000; Purchase discount Rs.2,000; Sales Rs.155,000; Gross profit 40% on sales. REQUIRED Compute the cost of ending inventory on March 31st 2014 by gross profit method. (b) Zubair & Co. made the following purchases and sales during the year 2013:

January 1, 2013 Merchandise inventory 1,000 units @ Rs.10.00 each January 21, 2013 Purchases 1,600 units @ Rs.10.50 each March 13, 2013 Sales 400 units @ Rs.15.00 each April 10, 2013 Purchases 600 units @ Rs.11.00 each May 15, 2013 Sales 1,000 units @ Rs.17.00 each November 15, 2013 Purchases 700 units @ Rs.12.00 each December 18, 2013 Sales 500 units @ Rs.20.00 each

REQUIRED Find the cost of ending inventory by:

(a) FIFO (Periodic). (b) Weighted average (Periodic). (c) LIFO (Perpetual).

Page 8: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 7

SOLUTION 4 (a) Computation of Cost of Ending Inventory by Gross Profit Method: Merchandise inventory (beginning) 20,000 Add: Net Purchases: Purchases 100,000 Add: Freight-in 4,000

Delivered purchases 104,000 Less: Purchase return and allowance (3,000) Less: Purchase discount (2,000)

Net purchases 99,000

Merchandise available for sale 119,000 Less: Cost of Goods Sold: Sales 155,000 Less: Gross profit (155,000 x 40%) (62,000)

Cost of goods sold (93,000)

Cost of ending inventory 26,000

SOLUTION 4 (b)

ZUBAIR & CO. SCHEDULE OF UNITS PURCHASED, UNITS SOLD AND UNITS AT END

FOR THE PERIOD 2013

Date Particulars Units Unit Cost Total Cost (Rs.)

January 1 Merchandise inventory 1,000 Rs.10.00 Rs.10,000 January 21 Purchases 1,600 Rs.10.50 Rs.16,800 April 10 Purchases 600 Rs.11.00 Rs.6,600 November 15 Purchases 700 Rs.12.00 Rs.8,400

Units available for sale 3,900 Rs.41,800 Less: Units Sold: Total units sold (400+1,000+500) (1,900)

Ending inventory in units 2,000

Computation of Cost of Ending Inventory by FIFO Method – Periodic Inventory System:

Date Particulars Units Unit Cost Total Cost (Rs.)

January 21 Purchases 700 Rs.10.50 Rs.7,350 April 10 Purchases 600 Rs.11.00 Rs.6,600 November 15 Purchases 700 Rs.12.00 Rs.8,400

Cost of ending inventory 2,000 Rs.22,350

Computation of Cost of Ending Inventory by Weighted Average Method – Periodic Inventory System:

Average unit cost = Cost of merchandise available for sale

Units available for sale

Average unit cost = 41,800

3,900 Average unit cost = Rs.10.72 per unit

Cost of ending inventory = Units at end x Average unit cost Cost of ending inventory = 2,000 x 10.72 Cost of ending inventory = Rs.21,435

Page 9: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 8

ZUBAIR & CO. INVENTORY CARD – LIFO METHOD

FOR THE PERIOD 2013

Date Purchases/Received Sales/Issued Balance

Units Unit cost

Total cost

Units Unit cost

Total cost

Units Unit cost

Total cost

Jan. 1 1,000 10.00 10,000

Jan. 21 1,600 10.50 16,800 1,000 10.00 10,000 1,600 10.50 16,800

Mar. 13 400 10.50 4,200 1,000 10.00 10,000 1,200 10.50 12,600

Apr. 10 600 11.00 6,600 1,000 10.00 10,000 1,200 10.50 12,600 600 11.00 6,600

May. 15 600 11.00 6,600 1,000 10.00 10,000 400 10.50 4,200 800 10.50 8,400

Nov. 15 700 12.00 8,400 1,000 10.00 10,000 800 10.50 8,400 700 12.00 8,400

Dec. 18 500 12.00 6,000 1,000 10.00 10,000 800 10.50 8,400 200 12.00 2,400

2,900 31,800 1,900 21,000 2,000 20,800

Computation of Cost of Ending Inventory:

1,000 Units @ Rs.10.00 each 10,000 800 Units @ Rs.10.50 each 8,400 200 Units @ Rs.12.00 each 2,400

2,000 Cost of ending inventory Rs.20,800

Q.No.5 BANK RECONCILIATION A study of cash record of Noor Traders for the month of December 2013 revealed the following information: (a) Cash book balance (Dr.) on December 31, 2013 Rs.5,150. (b) Bank statement balance (Dr.) overdraft on December 31, 2013 Rs.4,780. (c) Service charges levied by bank Rs.150. (d) A cheque of Rs.9,500 deposited into bank was wrongly entered into bank statement as Rs.5,900. (e) Cheques outstanding Rs.5,820. (f) Deposit of Rs.12,000 on December 31, 2013 not shown on bank statement. (g) Bank statement showed a direct deposit of Rs.1,500 by a customer nit recorded in cash book. (h) Accompanying the bank statement was a customer’s cheque for Rs.1,200 returned unpaid by

bank due to NSF. (i) A cheque of Rs.1,300 issued in settlement of an accounts payable was erroneously entered into

cash book as Rs.1,000. REQUIRED

(a) Prepare bank reconciliation statement on December 31, 2013.

Page 10: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 9

(b) Prepare adjusting entries in General Journal. SOLUTION 5 (a)

NOOR TRADERS BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT

FOR THE MONTH ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013

Particulars Cash Book Pass Book

Unadjusted balance on December 31, 2013 5,150 (4,780) Less: Service charges (c) (150) Add: Error by bank (d) 3,600 Less: Outstanding cheque (e) (5,820) Add: Uncleared cheque (f) 12,000 Add: Direct deposit by customer – Receivable (g) 1,500 Less: Dishonoured cheque – Receivable (h) (1,200) Less: Accounts payable – Error (i) (300)

Adjusted balance 5,000 5,000

SOLUTION 5 (b)

NOOR TRADERS GENERAL JOURNAL

FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 2013

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Bank 1,500 Accounts receivable 1,500 (To record the addition in bank account)

2 Service charges 150 Accounts receivable 1,200 Accounts payable 300 Bank 1,650 (To record the deduction from bank account)

Q.No.6 DEPRECIATION (a) On May 1, 2010 Haider Company purchased a machine costing Rs.450,000. The estimated useful life of machine is 7 years with a salvage value of Rs.50,000. The company follows sum of the year’s digits method for charging depreciation. The company accounting year ends on December 31st. On April 1, 2013, the machine was sold for cash. REQUIRED Supported by proper computations, record the sale of machine under both cases separately: Case (1): Machine is sold for cash Rs.215,000. Case (2): Machine is sold for cash Rs.160,000. (b) An equipment costing Rs.100,000 is traded with a new equipment having a price of Rs.140,000. The trade in allowance for the old equipment is agreed at Rs.30,000 and the balance is paid in cash. The allowance for depreciation on old equipment amounted to Rs.80,000. REQUIRED Give entries to record the exchange of equipment.

Page 11: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 10

SOLUTION 6 (a) Computation of Depreciation Expense by Sum of the Year’s Digit Method: Annual depreciation = (Depreciable cost x Yearly fraction Depreciable cost = Cost – Salvage value Depreciable cost = 450,000 – 50,000 Depreciable cost = Rs.400,000 Fraction = n (n + 1) 2 Fraction = 7 (7 +1) 2 Fraction = 28

Year Depreciable Cost

Yearly Fraction

Depreciation Expense Accumulated Depreciation

Book Value

2010 400,000 7/28 100,000 x 8/12 = 66,667 66,667 383,333

2011 400,000 7/28 100,000 x 4/12 = 33,333 400,000 6/28 85,714 x 8/12 = 57,143 157,143 292,857

90,476

2012 400,000 6/28 85,714 x 4/12 = 28,571 400,000 5/28 71,429 x 8/12 = 47,619 233,333 216,667

76,190

2013 400,000 5/28 71,429 x 4/12 = 23,810 257,143 192,857

Case (1): Computation of Gain or Loss on Sales: Cost of machine 450,000 Less: Allowance for depreciation upto date (257,143)

Book value 192,857 Less: Sold for (215,000)

Gain on sale Rs.22,143

HAIDER COMPANY GENERAL JOURNAL

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

April 1 Cash 215,000 2013 Accumulated depreciation – Machine 257,143 Gain on sale 22,143 Machine 450,000 (To record the sale of machine)

Case (2): Computation of Gain or Loss on Sales: Cost of machine 450,000 Less: Allowance for depreciation upto date (257,143)

Book value 192,857 Less: Sold for (160,000)

Loss on sale Rs.32,857

Page 12: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

[email protected]

Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 11

HAIDER COMPANY GENERAL JOURNAL

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

April 1 Cash 160,000 2013 Accumulated depreciation – Machine 257,143 Loss on sale 32,857 Machine 450,000 (To record the sale of machine)

SOLUTION 6 (b) Computation of Gain or Loss on Exchange: Cost of old equipment 100,000 Less: Allowance for depreciation upto date (80,000)

Book value 20,000 Less: Trade – in – allowance (30,000)

Gain on exchange Rs.10,000

Computation of Cash Payment: Cost of new equipment 140,000 Less: Trade – in – allowance (30,000)

Cash payment Rs.110,000

M/S. _________

GENERAL JOURNAL

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Equipment (new) 140,000 Accumulated depreciation – Equipment 80,000 Gain on exchange 10,000 Cash 110,000 Equipment (old) 100,000 (To record the exchange of equipment)

Q.No.7 PARTNERSHIP – ADMISSION Saqib and Danish are partners with capital balances of Rs.120,000 and Rs.60,000 sharing profit and loss in their capital ratio. They agreed to admit Adnan as a new partner. REQUIRED Prepare necessary journal entries to record Adnan admission under each of the following cases separately: Case (1): Adnan invests sufficient cash for 1/3 interest in the total capital of the firm. Case (2): Adnan invests Rs.60,000 for 1/5 interest in the total capital of the firm (Record

bonus). Case (3): Adnan invests Rs.70,000 for 1/4 interest in the firm. Adnan capital will be credited

with the entire amount of his investment.

Page 13: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING b.Com part Ia4accounting.weebly.com/uploads/7/1/2/8/7128209/b.com... · 2020. 1. 27. · Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary)

Compiled & Solved by: Sameer Hussain www.a4accounting.weebly.com

www.facebook.com/a4accounting.net www.twitter.com/a4accounting2

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Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 12

SOLUTION 7 Case (1): Computation of Sufficient Cash: For 2/3 interest, old partners’ capital (120,000 + 60,000) 180,000

Therefore total capital of firm (180,000 x 3/2) 270,000

For 1/3 interest, Adnan’s Capital (270,000 x 1/3) Rs.90,000

________ PARTNERSHIP

GENERAL JOURNAL

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Cash 90,000 Adnan’s Capital 90,000 (To record the admission of Adnan)

Case (2): Computation: (Bonus Method): Old partners’ capital (120,000 + 60,000) 180,000 Add: Adnan’s investment 60,000

Total capital of firm 240,000

For 1/5 interest Adnan’s capital (240,000 x 1/5) 48,000 Less: Adnan’s investment (60,000)

Bonus to old partners Rs.12,000

________ PARTNERSHIP

GENERAL JOURNAL

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Cash 60,000 Saqib’s Capital (12,000 x 2/3) 8,000 Danish’s Capital (12,000 x 1/3) 4,000 Adnan’s Capital 48,000 (To record the admission of Adnan)

Case (3): Computation: (Goodwill to Old Partners): For 1/4 interest, Adnan’s investment 70,000

Therefore total capital of firm (70,000 x 4) 280,000

For 3/4 interest, old partners’ capital (280,000 x 3/4 210,000 Less: Old partners’ capital before admission of Adnan (180,000)

Goodwill to old partners Rs.30,000

________ PARTNERSHIP

GENERAL JOURNAL

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Cash 90,000 Adnan’s Capital 90,000 (To record the admission of Adnan)

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Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 13

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

2 Goodwill 30,000 Saqib’s Capital (30,000 x 2/3) 20,000 Danish’s Capital (30,000 x 1/3) 10,000 (To record the distribution of goodwill)

Q.No.8 ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS / PRINCIPLES AND CORRECTION OF ERRORS (a) Define the following accounting concepts / principles:

(a) Conservatism (b) Going concern (c) Consistency (d) Materiality (e) Historical cost

(b) The following errors were made during 2012 and were discovered before closing the books of accounts: (i) Rs.20,000 paid for the extension of the building was debited to building repair account. (ii) Sales returns of Rs.5,000 was charged to purchases. (iii) Accrued interest income of Rs.10,000 was overlooked. (iv) Payment of rent expenses of Rs.5,000 was wrongly recorded as receipt of rent income. (v) Sale of equipment for Rs.5,000 was credited to sales account, book value of the equipment

was Rs.6,000. REQUIRED Record correcting entries in General Journal on December 31, 2012. SOLUTION 8 (a)

(i) Conservatism: If a situation arises where there are two acceptable alternatives for reporting an item, conservatism directs the accountant to choose the alternative that will result in less net income and/or less asset amount. Conservatism helps the accountant to “break a tie”. It does not direct accountants to be conservative. Accountants are expected to be unbiased and objective. The basic accounting principle of conservatism leads accountants to anticipate or disclose losses, but it does not allow a similar action for gains. For example, potential losses from lawsuits will be reported on the financial statements or in the notes, but potential gains will not be reported. Also, an accountant may write inventory down to an account that is lower than the original cost, but will not write inventory up to an amount higher than the original cost.

(ii) Going Concern: One of four fundamental accounting concepts. It is the assumption that an enterprise will continue in operation for the foreseeable future, i.e. that there is no intention and necessity to liquidate or significantly curtail the scale of the enterprise’s operation. The implication of this principle is that assets are shown at cost, or at cost less depreciation, and not at their break-up values; it also assumes that liabilities applicable only on liquidation are not shown. The going concern value of a business is higher than the value that would be achieved by disposing of its individual assets, since it is assumed that the business has a continuing potential to earn profits. This assumption will underline the preparation of financial statements. If an auditor thinks that a business may not be a going concern, the auditors’ report should be qualified.

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Principles of Accounting – B.Com Part – I – 2013 Private (Supplementary) Solution 14

(iii) Consistency: The concept requires the consistency of treatment of like items within each accounting period and from one period to the next; it also requires that accounting policies are consistently applied. Rather, an entity is required to implement those principles that are judged most appropriate to its circumstances for the purpose of giving a true and fair view. Comparability is held to be a more important characteristic of financial statements than consistency.

(iv) Materiality: The characteristic of accounting information that focuses on how important the information is to making decisions. If the amount of the error or the amount left out of the report is big enough to affect the decision-making process, then that item is considered material.

(v) Historical Cost: A way of valuing assets that is measured by the amount of cash it takes to buy the asset and get it into use. Delivery costs, installation costs, sales tax, and calibration costs for technical equipment are included. SOLUTION 8 (b)

M/S. __________ CORRECTING ENTRIES

Date Particulars P/R Debit Credit

1 Building 20,000 Building repairs 20,000 (To correct the extension of building)

2 Sales returns and allowances 5,000 Purchases 5,000 (To correct the sales returns)

3 Interest receivable 10,000 Interest income 10,000 (To correct the unrecorded accrued interest income)

4 Rent expense 5,000 Rent income 5,000 Cash 10,000 (To correct the payment of rent expense)

5 Sales 5,000 Loss on sale of equipment 1,000 Equipment 6,000 (To correct the sale of equipment)