princípios elementares dos processos químicos (felder) - gráficos
DESCRIPTION
Princípios Elementares Dos Processos - Gráficos - FelderTRANSCRIPT
Tranparencies Contents
Figure Description Figure Text Number Page
Compressibility charts 5.4-1 208
5.4-2 209
5.4-3 210
5.4-4 211
Cox vapor pressure chart 6.1-4 247
Psychrometric chart – SI units 8.4-1 382
Psychrometric chart – Am. Engr. units 8.4-2 383
Enthalpy conc. chart – H2SO4/H2O 8.5-1 396
Enthalpy conc. chart – NH3/H2O 8.5-2 400
15.0
0
10.0
05.00
3.00
2.00
1.0
00.8
0
0.6
00.9
0
0.7
0
0.5
0
15.0010.00 5.00
3.002.00
2.00
1.801.70
1.60
1.50
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.201.101.00
0.950.90
0.850.80
1.15
1.101.08
1.06
1.04
1.02
1.00
0.60
0.95
0.50
Generalized compressibility factors(zc = 0.27)
Tr
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
Saturated gas
Saturated liquid
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
00.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 20 304.03.0
Reduced pressure, Pr
Com
pre
ssib
ilit
y fa
cto
r, z
0.90
FIGURE 5-4.1 Copyright ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tr = 5.003.00
2.00
1.60
1.40
1.30
1.201.15
1.10
1.05
0.800.90
1.001.101.20
1.301.401.501.601.802.002.202.402.003.003.504.005.006.008.00
0.6
00.65 0.70
0.80
0.850.90
0.95
0.75T
r = 1.00
1.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10.00.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Reduced pressure, Pr
Com
pres
sibi
lity
fact
or, Z
= P
V/R
T
FIGURE 5.4-2Copyright Jonh Wiley & Sons ,Inc.
ideal
V r =
0.70
^
^
5.00
7.0010.00
Tr = 15.0
Reduced pressure, Pr
10.09.59.08.58.07.57.06.56.05.55.04.53.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.00.200.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
4.0
3.00
2.00
1.50
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
2.50
Tr = 3.50
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
T r = 1.00
^
0.50
V r
= 0.20
ideal1.30
FIGURE 5-4.3Copyright ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Com
pres
sibi
lity
fact
or, z
= P
V ̂ / R
T
15.00
Vr = 0.60^ideal
10.008.00
6.005.004.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.001.80
1.601.50
1.40
1.301.201.101.05
0.105
0.110
0.115
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.20
0.30
T r = 1.00
1.20
T r = 1.00
Tr = 5.00
1.15
00.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5 10 15 20
Reduced pressure, Pr
25 30 35 40
FIGURE 5-4.4Copyright ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Com
pre
ssib
ilit
y fa
cto
r, z
= P
V ̂ /
RT
Vapor
pre
ssure
, p* (
lbf/
in.2
)10,000
6,0004,000
2,000
1,000
600
400
200
100
60
40
20
10
64
2
1
0.60.4
0.2
0.1
Water
Sulfur Diox
ide
Methan
ol
n-Dec
ane
n-Hexane
n-Butane
i-Butane
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
Heptan
e
Octane
Tolue
ne
Ethano
l
Benzene
Acetone
Propane
EthaneCarbon Dioxide
Ethylene
Triple point
(Solid CO2)
Ethyl chlori
deMethyl c
hloride
o-Xyle
neAcetic
acid
n-Pr
opyl
benz
ene
Dowt
herm
A
Nitrob
enze
ne
Mer
cury
Critical points
–100 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 800
Temperature (°F)
FIGURE 6-1.4Copyright ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
–10
–50
510
–10
0.75 0.80
–5 0 5 10 15 20
Dry Bulb Temperature, °C
Below 0°C Properties and Enthalpy Deviation Lines Are For Ice Humid Volume, m3/kg Dry Air
25 30 35 40
1015
2025
2530
3540
14514013513012512035 40 45 50 550.033
0.032
0.031
0.030
0.029
0.028
0.027
0.026
0.025
0.024
0.023
0.022
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.00
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
Enth
alpy
At S
atur
atio
n, k
J/kg
Dry
Air
45
0.85 0.90
45 50 55
Moi
stur
e C
onte
nt, kg/k
g D
ry A
ir–1.0
Ent
halp
yD
evia
tion
kJ/k
gD
ryAir
10%
–1.2
0.95
–0.8
–0.6
–0.4
–0.2
–0.1
–0.0
5
+1.0+0.8+0.6
+0.4
+0.2
20%
30%
40%
60%
70%
80%
90%
50%
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
–5
Wet Bulb or Saturation Temperature
, °C
40
FIG
UR
E 8
-4.1
Cop
yrig
ht©
2000
Joh
n W
iley
& S
ons,
Inc.
78
910
1112
1213
1415
1617
18
1920
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
3132
33
3536
3738
3940
4142
4344
4546
4748
49
34
11000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
.001
.002
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.011
.012
.013
.014
.015
.016
.017
.018
.019
.020
.021
.022
.023
.024
.025
10510095908580757065605550454035302520Dry Bulb
Wet Bulb,Dew Point orSaturationTemperature
Ent
halp
yde
viat
ion
Btu
per
poun
dof
dry
air
–0.3
Btu
10%
+0.5 Btu+0.4 Btu+0.3 Btu+0.2 Btu
+0.1 Btu
–.02
Btu–.
04 B
tu
–.06
Btu
–.08
Btu
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Rel
ative
hum
idity
20%
40%
60%
80%25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85 90 95 100 105
Pounds ofmoisture
per poundof dry air
Grains ofmoisture
per poundof dry air
Enthalpy at saturation,Btu per pound of dry air
Cop
yrig
ht 1
94
7 C
arri
er C
orpo
rati
on—
Cop
yrig
ht 1
95
9 C
arri
er C
orpo
rati
on—
AC
46
7
Pri
nted
in U
.S.A
.14
.5 c
u ft.
per
pou
nd o
f dry
air
14.0
cu
ft
13.5
cu
ft
13.0
cu
ft
12.5
cu
ft
Dry Bulb Temperature, °FHumid Volume, ft3/lbm Dry Air
FIG
UR
E 8
-4.2
Cop
yrig
ht©
2000
Joh
n W
iley
& S
ons,
Inc.
Free
zing
line
200°F180160140120100
60
40
32°F 8077
0
–140
–120
–100
–80
–60
–40
–20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
H(B
tu/lb
m s
olu
tion)
^
Mass fraction of H2SO4
FIGURE 8.5-1Copyright ©200 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
^
200
°F
180°
F
160°
F14
0°F
120°F
Reference states: Water: liquid at 32°F NH3: liquid at –40°F
Vapor phase
Liquid phase
100°F
80°F
60°F
40°F
20°F
B
A
C
–2000.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
–100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
x (mass fraction NH3)
FIGURE 8-5.2Copyright ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Specif
ic e
nth
alp
y H
(Btu
/lb
m)