primjena okvirne direktive o vodama - strucno usavr...
TRANSCRIPT
Primjena Okvirne Direktive o VodamaStrucno usavrsavanje
Roko Andricevic
Sveuciliste u SplituFakultet gradevinarstva, arhitekture i geodezije
29. ozujka 2015.
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 1 / 58
Overview
1 Introduction
2 Structure of Guidance Documents
3 Key messages from Guidance Documents
4 Components of the River Basin Management Planning Process
5 Principles of Ecological Qualilty Ratio
6 Summary of outputs
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 2 / 58
Okvirna Direktiva o Vodama/Water FrameworkDirective
In 2000, the EU issued the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in order toensure an analysis of the state of water bodies and a review of the impactof human activity on the status of surface waters and on groundwater
The overall objective of the WFD is a ”good status” for all waters to beachieved by negotiated date. For surface waters, ”good status” isdetermined by a ”good ecological” and a ”good chemical status”.
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 3 / 58
WFD aims
Prevents further deterioration and protects and enhaances the statusof aquatic ecosystems
Promotes sustainable water use based on the long/term protection ofavailable water resources
Aims to enhance protection and improvement of the aquaticenvironment
Ensures the progressive reduction of pollution of groundwater andprevents its further pollution
Contributes to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 4 / 58
Guidance Documents
Key issues from Guidance documents
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 5 / 58
CIS AchievementsFourteen Guidance Documents
1 Economics and the Environment2 Identification of Water Bodies3 Analysis of Pressures and Impacts4 Artificial and Heavily Modified Water Bodies5 Transitional and Coastal Water - Typology, Reference conditions6 Intercalibration Network and the Intercalibration Process7 Monitoring8 Public Participation9 GIS and the WFD
10 Rivers and Lakes Typology11 Planning Process12 Wetlands13 Classification14 Intercalibration
In addition:
Risk Analysis principlesand others
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 6 / 58
Clustering of Guidance Documents
Planning and integrated management
Ecological Assessment
Analysis and Monitoring (surface and groundwater)
Cross-cutting
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 7 / 58
Planning and Integrated Management
Relevant Guidance Documents
Economics and the Environment (Doc. br. 1)
Public Participation (Doc. br. 8)
Planning Process (Doc. br. 11)
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 8 / 58
Ecological Assessment
Relevant Guidance Documents
Identification of Water Bodies (Doc. br. 2)
Transitional and Coastal Waters - Typology, Reference Conditions(Doc. br. 5)
Intecalibration Network and Intercalibration exercise (Doc. br. 6)
Rivers and Lakes - Reference Conditions (Doc. br. 10)
Classification (Doc. br. 13)
Intercalibration process (Doc. br. 14)
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 9 / 58
Analysis and Monitoring
Relevant Guidance Documents(surface and groundwaters)
Identification of Water Bodies (Doc. br. 2)
Analysis of Pressures and Impacts (Doc. br. 3)
Monitoring (Doc. br. 7)
Risk analsis principle
Groundwater:Technical Report 1 - Trend assessmentGW Workshop reports
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 10 / 58
Cross - cutting issues
Relevant Guidance Documents
Artificial and Heavily Modified water Bodies (Doc. br. 4)
GIS and WFD (Doc. br. 9)
Wetlands (Doc. br. 12)
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 11 / 58
Water Framework Directive: key messages
Protecting all waters, surface and ground waters in a holistic way
Good quality (‘good status’) to be achieved by ...
Integrated water management based on river basins
Combined approach of emission controls and water quality standards,phasing out of particularly hazardous substances
Economic instruments: economic analysis, and getting the prices right- to promote prudent use of water
Getting citizens and stakeholders involved: public participation
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 12 / 58
WFD Annex V
Establish monitoring systems for estimating the values ofbiological quality elements for each surface water category
For comparability the results shall be expressed asecological quality ratios for the purpose of classification
Divide the ecological quality ratio scale into five classes:high-bad ecological status
Establish values for boundaries between high-good andgood-moderate through intercalibration
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 13 / 58
Environmental objectives for surface waters
No deterioration
Good chemical status
Good ecological status
Phase out hazardous substances
Restoration
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 14 / 58
Planning - key tasks
Assessment of the current status and preliminary gap analsis
Setting up the environmental objectives
Establishment of monitoring programs
Gap analysis
Setting up the program of measures
Development of river basin management plans
Public consultation and information, active involvment of stakeholders
Implementation of the program of measures and preparation ofinterim report on the implementation
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 15 / 58
What does the assessment of current status mean?(Article 5, 6 and 7)
The assessment of current status is a vital first step in the planningprocess since it provides the baseline information concerning the riverbasin districts. It identifies the types of water bodies present in each riverbasin district for which environmental objectives must later be set, thepressures upon them and any special features that must be taken intoaccount. These features are consistent with the application of sustainabledevelopment principles and comprise for each river basin district:
Analysis of its characteristics
Review of the impact od human activity
Economic analysis of water use
Establishment of a register of protected areas including theidentificaton of waters used for the abstraction of drinking water
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 16 / 58
What is meant by Characterisation of the river basin
A water body is a coherent sub-unitin the river basin to whichenvironmental objectives will apply.
Each category is then sub-divided
into types based on physico-chemical
and hydromorphological factors that
might significantly influence the
biological quality elements
Examples of designation of surfacewater bodies
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 17 / 58
What is required by the Review of the Impact ofHuman Activity? (Article 5)
For surface water bodies these include significant pressures and risks associatedwith:
Point and diffuse sources of pollution from urban, industrial, agricultural andother installations and activitiesWater abstractions for urban, industrial, agricultural and other uses, includingseasonal variations and total demand, and loss of water in distribution systemsWater flow regulation, water transfer and diversionMorphological alterations to water bodiesLand use patterns including the main urban, industrial and agricultural areasand major fisheries and forestsOther significant antropogenic impacts
For groundwater bodies these include significant pressures and risks associatedwith:
Abstraction for drinking water, industrial, agricultural and other purposes.Volume and rates of abstraction, chemical composition, etc.Discharges to groundwater with location, rates and chemical composition, etc.Land use in the recharge catchment of the groundwater bodyVariations in water-table levelsPollution sources
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 18 / 58
The DPSIR approach
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 19 / 58
Economic Analysis of Water Use
Assessing how important water is to the economy and socio-economicdevelopment of the river basin district and initiating investigations oflikely trade-offs between socio-economic development and waterprotection
Investigation of the dynamics of the river basin districts. Thisincludes reviewing changes in general socio-economic variables, keysector policies that influence water use, economic growth and plannedinvestment linked to existing water regulation
The assessment of the current levels of recovery of the costs of waterservices: this is concerned with water service provision, the extent towhich financial, environmental and resource costs are recovered, howcost recovery is organised and the way in which key water usescontribute to the cost of water services
Recognise gaps in existing data, and the means to deal with them,and to collate information in a format that will be useful later
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 20 / 58
Register of Protected Areas
Register is needed for each river basin district indicating details and thelocation of protected areas and the legislation under which they have beendesignated. Although not exclusive, the Directive lists the following:
Areas that are either used, or are intended to be used, for the abstractionof drinking water for human consumption (Article 7)Areas designated for the protection of economically significant aquaticspeciesBodies of water designated as recreational waters, including bathingwaters designated under Directive 76/160/EECNutrient-sensitive areas including areas designated as vulnerable zonesunder Directive 91/676/EEC and areas as sensitive areas under Directive91/271/EECAreas designated for the protection of habitats or species where themaintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factorin their protection, including relevant Natura 2000 sites designated underDirectives 92/43/EEC and 79/409/EEC
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 21 / 58
What are the outputs from the Assessment ofCurrent Status?
The assessment described above will provide an understanding of the river basindistrict in terms of:
The nature of its constituent water bodies and their grouping into types withlike characteristicsSituations where there are risks to the achievement of good status for surfaceand groundwatersSituations where higher levels of protection are necessaryHeavily modified and artificial water bodies where only good ecologicalpotential is possiblePossible situations where other derogations may be neededAn economic analysis of water use, its importance to the community, pressureson resources and how cost recovery is undertaken
This initial assessment provides the basis for the development of theenvironmental standards necessary to achieve good status for the waterbodies identified and for the development of the monitoring of surfacewater status, groundwater status and protected areas.
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 22 / 58
Classification System for Surface Water Bodies
The reason for the grouping by type of each water body in a river basin district is to allow the
identification of reference standards of the ecological conditions appropriate to each water body group
if each were in a pristine state. Since the purpose of the Directive is to maintain water quality, where
this is already at least of good status, and to restore waters failing to achieve this, it is essential to
have an effective means of classifying the status of the various types of water bodies. The Directive
requires that water bodies be classified in accordance with the following ecological status system using
biological, hydromorphological and physico-chemical elements set out in Annex V of the Directive.
The classification for surface water bodies is as follows:
High status Very little, or no, anthropogenic alteration to the physico-chemical andhydromorphological quality elements and biological quality elements expected for thetype of water body in pristine conditionGood status Reflecting undisturbed conditions or minimal disturbance. Values of thebiological quality elements for the water body type show low levels of distortion resultingfrom anthropogenic activity but deviate only slightly from those normally associated withthe water body under undisturbed conditionsModerate status The values of the biological quality elements for the water bodydeviate moderately from those normally associated with that body under undisturbedconditions and show moderate signs of distortion resulting from anthropogenic activityand are significantly more disturbed than under conditions of good status
Member States may further classify waters as Poor or Bad to reflect stagesof deterioration beyond Moderate status
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 23 / 58
Reference Standards for Surface Waters
Directive indicates in qualitative terms the nature of thehydromorphological, physicochemical and biological elements to beincluded in the assessment of the status of water bodies, it does not givequantitative values for these elements.
Member States use comparable ecological quality assessment systemsand harmonised ecological quality criteria
Ecological criteria are agreed for the designation of sites of goodecological status
Agreed numerical Ecological Quality Ratio values are established forthe class boundaries between high-good and good-moderate classes
The Ecological Quality Ratio for a water body is simply the ratio of theobserved biological value to the reference biological value. It is close toone for a water body exhibiting high status and close to zero for a waterbody exhibiting bad status.
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 24 / 58
Ecological Status of surface waters
Determined by the poorer of chemical and ecological status
Chemical status: concentrations of specific pollutants not exceedingspecified levels
Ecological status: expression of the quality of the structure andfunctioning of aquatic ecosystems
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 25 / 58
Ecological Status
Biological quality elements as basis for ecological classification
Ecological classification sets management goals
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 26 / 58
Quality elements for ecological status
Biological quality elements
Hydromorphological quality elements
Physico-chemical quality elements
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 27 / 58
Good ecological status
A condition in which:
Biological quality elements show only slight deviation from thetype-specific reference condition
Physico-chemical elements are at the levels capable of supporting thefunctioning of the type-specific ecosystem
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 28 / 58
Biological quality elements
Abundance Rivers Lakes Estuaries Coastal watersPhytoplankton - X X X
Macrophytes X X X X
Zoobentos X X X X
Fish X X X -
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 29 / 58
Hydromorphological quality elements
Rivers
water flow dynamics
river continuity
connection to GW
depth and width variation
river bed substrate and structure
riparian zone structure
Lakes
water flow dynamics
residence time
connection to GW
depth variation
local bottom structure
shore structure
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 30 / 58
Physico-chemical quality elements
Rivers
termal conditions
oxygenation
salinity
acidification
nutrients
specific pollutants
Lakes
transparency
termal conditions
oxygenation
salinity
acidification
nutrients
specific pollutants
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 31 / 58
How to assess ecological status?
1 Characterize surface water types (typology)
2 Define type-specific reference conditions for biological QualityElements (QE)
3 Use Ecological Quality Ratios (EQR) for classification
4 Calibrate the Member States biological monitoring results(intercalibration)
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 32 / 58
Surface water typology
Classification according to ecoregions (25) andecotypes (system A or B)
System A: altitude, catchment size, geology
System B: altitude, size, geology, latitude longitude and additionalfactors
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 33 / 58
Ecoregions for river and lakes
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 34 / 58
Example: Water types in the Netherlands (42)
20 types of lakes:
Large, deep bufferedIntermediate shallow peat lakesBrackish waters
18 types of rivers
Slowly flowing, downstream on sand
1 type of transitional water
3 types of coastal water
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 35 / 58
Reference conditions
A condition in which a water body has suffered no, or only veryminor, anthropogenic impacts to its: hydromorphology,physico-chemistry and biology
Potential methods:
spatial reference sites (present/past)
historical data
predictive modeling
stressor-response trajectories (curve fitting)
paleo-ecology
expert judgment
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 36 / 58
Reference conditions (1)
Problems with biological data:
availabilityquality & comparabilityhigh cost
Comparisons of different methods required (may not always lead tothe same results)
Need to agree on definitions of totally, or nearly, undisturbedconditions: what is considered pristine?
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 37 / 58
Setting reference values1. Spatially derived Reference conditions
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 38 / 58
Setting reference values2. Pressure-response relationships
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 39 / 58
Setting reference values3. Hindcasting based on statistical models
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 40 / 58
Standardized assessment of ecological status:Ecological Quality Ratio
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 41 / 58
EQR relation to the ecological status
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 42 / 58
Interpretation of normative definition
What are ’slight’, ’moderate’ and ’severe’ deviations?
Need for equal level ambition of WFD implementation:intercalibration
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 43 / 58
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 44 / 58
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 45 / 58
Classification
Agreement of normative definitions: ‘slight’, ‘moderate’, ‘major’ and‘severe’ deviations from undisturbed conditions
Statistical errors related to variability in reference conditions and inbiological data need to be estimated and considered
Indicators have different responses to different pressures =¿ establishindicator-stress relationships
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 46 / 58
Classification of chemical status
Two categories:Good – when water body complies with all environmental qualitystandards of Annex V
Failing – when it does not comply
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 47 / 58
Classification of ecological status
The ecological status will be represented by the lower of theEQR-values for the biological and physicochemical monitoring resultsfor the relevant quality elements: One-out-All-out
Important to select indicators for the biological quality elements(practicability and cost-effectiveness of monitoring)
Intercalibration network to ensure comparability
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 48 / 58
Major outputs
Database of all discrete water bodies
Characterisation of each water body by ecological type
Description of reference conditions
Classification of the present state of each water body
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 49 / 58
Major steps to be taken (1)
Inventory of available data/information:
State variables: characterisation, classificationPressure variables: land-use, discharges, hydromorphological alterations
Assessment methods, models and other tools
Organisational structure
If needed: set up group of experts: ecology, chemistry, hydrology,statistics, modelling, GIS
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 50 / 58
Major steps to be taken (2)
Choose between differentiation systems A and B
Harmonise between member states within the same ecoregion
Apply selected system to identify all discrete water bodies
Collect necessary data that are not available
Define reference conditions
Define present class by the poorer of the ecological andphysico-chemical conditions
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 51 / 58
Slivovi Hrvatske
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 52 / 58
Sliv rijeke Kupe
!Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 53 / 58
Godisnje protoke na mjernim stanicama
0,1
1
10
100
1000
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XIImjesec
Q (m
3 /s)
KUPA, KUPARI CABRANKA, ZAMOST 2KUPICA, BROD NA KUPI DONJA DOBRA, STATIVE DONJEKORANA, VELEMERIC KUPCINA, LAZINA BRANAGLINA, GLINA KUPA, BREST
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 54 / 58
Srednje godisnje oborine u slivu Kupe iodgovarajuce postaje
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 55 / 58
Velike, srednje i male vode
0100200300400500600700800900
10001100120013001400
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300stacionaža (km)
prot
ok (m
3 /s)
SREDNJI GODIŠNJI MAKSIMALNI GODIŠNJI
ODRA
GLINA
PETRINJČICA
TREPČA
KUPĆINA
UTINJA
KORANA
DOBRA
LAHINJA
KUPICA
ČABRANKA
02468
101214161820222426
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300stacionaža (km)
prot
ok (m
3 /s)
SREDNJI MINIMALNI MINIMALNI ZABILJEŽENI
ODRA
GLINA
PETR
INJČ
ICA
TREPCA
KUPCINA
UTINJA
KORANA
DOBRA
LAHINJA
KUPICA
CABRANKA
Velike i srednje vodeduz rijeke Kupe
Male vode sminimalnozabiljezenimproticajima
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 56 / 58
Prijedlog referetnih uvjeta za sliv Kupe
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 57 / 58
Hvala na paznji
Roko Andricevic (FGAG) strucno usavrsavanje 29. ozujka 2015. 58 / 58