primary spine tumors (soft tissue)
DESCRIPTION
tumorsTRANSCRIPT
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Primary Spinal Tumors(Soft tissue tumors)
H. Louis HarkeyDepartment of Neurosurgery
University of MississippiJackson, MS
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Anatomical Classification of Spinal Cord Tumors
• Extradural : Benign and malignant verteberal tumors, tumors near the spinal cord.
• Intradural tumors– Extramedullary: nerve sheath and menengial
– Intramedullary: glial and other
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Meningioma
• Slow growing benign masses producing indolent symptoms
• ~15% of all meningiomas are spinal
• 5:1 female to male ratio• Typically intradural
extramedullary but can be extadural
• Most commonly thoracic in location, Cervical second most common
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Meningioma
• Clinical presentation is indistinguishable from any other slow growing intraspinal mass
• Deficits are often dramatically reversible
• Treatment is resection by safest route
• Total resection including dural attachment and/or cauterization of the adjacent dura = 1% recurrence rate
• Subtotal resection has much higher risk of recurrence
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Schwannoma
• Account for ~25% of intradural & ~50% of intradural, extramedullary tumors
• 70% intradural, 15% dumbbell, 5% extradural
• 0.3-0.4 cases/100,000 per year• Typically present in 4th and 5th
decade• No male-female predilection• Present with radicular pain,
weakness in lumbar tumors, long tract motor signs & urinary retention in cervical & thoracic
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Schwannoma
• Benign tumors• Arise from Schwann cells of the
sensory rootlets• Tumor only contains Schwann
cells and causes symptoms by compressing neural elements
• Can be removed via hemilaminectomy in most cases
• Total resection is curative• Residual tumor should be
followed long term• Long tract signs typically
improve after resection Fewer Antoni B cells
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Neurofibroma & Neurofibromatosis
• Commonly seen in NF-1• Occur more frequently
in the cervical spine in NF-1
• May be intradural, extradural or dumbell
• Often multiple• Sometimes plexiform
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Neurofibroma
• Benign• Fusiform expansion of the
nerve (Schwann, perineural and neural cells)
• Difficult to get complete resection because of the extra-foramenal extension and risk of functional loss
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Ganglioneuroma
• Pathology– Ganglioneuroma (extradural,
dumbbell)– Gangliocytoma– Ganglioglioma (intradural-
intramedullary)
• Most are benign though Gangliogliomas may become malignant
• More often seen in patients < 30• Male:female 3:2
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Ganglioglioma
• 10% of gangliogliomas are spinal, rest cranial
• Most are paraspinal, may extend into canal
• Arise from sympathetic NS
• Rarely intramedullary• IM tumors do not have
a planeT 2 Contrast
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Ependymoma
• Seen in adults, 15 to 40• Male = Female• Presenting signs depend on
location • Longer duration, more severe
symptoms = less favorable functional outcome with surgery
• Arise from ependymal lining of the central canal & from filum terminale
• Sometimes associated with a syrinx
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Ependymoma
• Arise from ependymal lining of the central canal,
• Filum origin usually myxopapillary type• Very rarely malignant• Total resection is possible in the
majority of tumors• The goal of surgery is complete
resection with good functional outcome• Functional improvement common after
resection• Progression free survival similar for total
resection vs partial resection + RT Perivascular pseudorosettes
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Astrocytoma
• Occur at any age, average age of dx is 35 to 40
• Accompanying syrinx in 40%
• Occurs equally throughout cord
• Presenting sign depend upon location
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Astrocytoma
• Most are grade I or II• Complete surgical resection is
impossible• RT recommended after dx• Outcomes similar for biopsy +
RT and resection + RT• Low grade recurrent tumor can
be treated with reresection
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Hemangioblastoma
• Highly vascular tumors comprising 2% of spinal cord tumors
• ¼ associated with von Hippel-Lindau, ¾ sporadic
• 10 times less common than intracranial
• Male predominance• Presents mid life
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Hemangioblastoma
• Usually dorsal • Treatment is surgical
resection• Sometimes multiple• Take feeding artery
before draining vein• Grade I neoplasm• Differential renal cell
CA (common in VHL)
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Cavernous Angioma
• Vascular malformation• M = F, Female more
likely to hemorrhage• More likely to present
in 3rd & 4th decade
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Cavernous Angioma
• Often dorsally located and comes to surface
• Hemosiderin stained• Resection with
second hemorrhage or progressive deficit
• Thin walled abnormal vascular channels
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Lipoma
• Typically associated with spinal dysrahpism
• Presents like any space occupying lesion with progressive myelopathy
• Onset of symptoms often associated with weight gain
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Lipoma
• Treatment is surgical with debulking of the tumor and duraplasty
• Must take care not to injure normal spinal cord.