• Primary sources- –Voltaire -Page 149

–Declaration of Rights of Man- Page 157

–Decree for Proclaiming… Page 161

–Paine, Common Sense- Page 163

• A+ 24-25

• A- 23

• B 20-22

• C 18-19

• D 15-17

• F 0-14

• Week Twenty-Two (February 7-8)– Day 1 French revolution and Frontload 22– Day 2 Chapter 22 Quiz and Discussion

question

• Week Twenty-Three (February 14-18)– Day 1

• Adam Smith/ 151-155• Testimony/ 240-246• Karl Marx/ 249-253

– Question to consider. What caused the changing view of the nature of how much governmental influence should occur in the economy of a country?

– Day 2 Chapter 23 Quiz

• Independence of the Americas

• What does it mean to be American – Problems in creating governments – Social issues

• Slavery, Immigration, Citizenship

• Industrial Revolution– Pros vs Cons

• New modes of production, transportation

• Imperialism – Why now?– Why not Japan?

Chapter 21

Before the Revolutions• Wars between Europeans

– High Taxation necessary

• The Enlightenment – Sometimes supported by Kings – Monarchs still feared change – Salons – Middle class- Elites – Ben Franklin

• Commoners feared change and atheism

• Revolutions only had potential when commoners and elite worked together

The American Revolution, 1775–1800

• Causes – Wars with Natives and administration costs were expensive – Tried to raise taxes– Boston Massacre and Tea Party

• Continental Congress• Common Sense• Declaration of Independence• British won most battles but lost war • French helped • The Articles of Confederation• 1787-Constitutional Convention

The French Revolution, 1789–1815

• Causes – 3 Estates – 80% Poor peasants – Poor Harvests – King enacted new taxes

• First stage– National Assembly created – Peasants and Parisians violently revolted – Declaration of the Rights of Man– Marched on Versailles – Declared War on Austria and Prussia

2nd Stage- Reign of Terror 1793–1794

– King tried to run – Robespierre takes over – Mob rule – Guillotine

3Rd Stage -Napoleon • Accomplishments

– Greater internal stability– Stopped fear of foreigners – Napoleon law code– Brought peace with church – Declared self emperor – Limited some personal freedoms

• Problems – Could not stop Britain – Iberian problem – Russia– Waterloo

The Haitian Revolution, 1789–1804

• Saint Domingue-Wealthy but brutal• Slave vs gens de couleur vs wealthy whites • François Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture

– Captured, tortured, and killed

• Effects – Thousands killed – Economy ruined – Decades of unrest, violence, and corruption

Major Changes • The Congress of Vienna

– Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria– Restore French Monarchy – Fight liberal movements across Europe – Created a “Balance of Power” of “super

powers”

• Independence of Latin America • Rise of Nationalism

– National self-determination– Greece– Democratic reform throughout US and

Europe

• The armed forces of the American colonists were small, poorly equipped, and often poorly led. How were those colonists able to defeat Great Britain, which ranked as one of the foremost military powers in the world at that time?. Discussion Question

• What were some of the reasons for the failure of the French Revolution to initiate lasting representative government and for the rise of the new dictatorship? Discussion Question

• The Enlightenment as a social and intellectual movement impacted many segments of society. How did this movement affect women in the elite classes and the common women during the revolutions? Discussion Question

• Compare the revolutions of the eighteenth century inspired by a body of new ideas? Discuss Locke and Rousseau in your response. Comparison

Chapter 22

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

• Population Growth– Food- more and easier to grow with a financial

investment

• Migration to cities– increasing demand for goods– increase of trade – increase of innovations

Britain• Economic growth

• Population growth

• Ingenuity

• A lot of Iron and coal

• Merchant ships

• Rivers – Transportation – Powering early mills

• Continental Europe slowed by Napoleonic Wars

Technological Revolution• Mass Production

– Pottery– Specialization

• Mechanization– Cotton and textiles

• Iron– coke and puddling– new building techniques

• interchangeable parts– Firearms and farm equipment– sewing machine industries

• The Steam Engine– 1769 James Watt– New locations for factories – Transportation revolution

• Railroads• Telegraph

Effects of Industrialization• New Industrial Cities

– Socially stratified neighborhoods – Filthy – Unhealthy

• Working Conditions– Dangerous, low paying, boring – Women’s lives changed – Child Labor

• Social changes – Social stratification – New Middle class began to emerge

New Economic and Political Ideas

• Laissez Faire capitalism – Adam Smith

• Positivism

• Utopian socialists

• Some early reform laws emerged

• Communism– Karl Marx

The Non-industrial World• China

– Beat down – Forced to import manufactured and export natural

resources

• Egypt – Muhammad Ali– Tried to industrialize – Beat down – Forced to import manufactured and export natural

resources

• India – Beat down – Forced to import manufactured and export natural

resources

• Capitalism – Economic system based on the use of one’s personal property to gain a profit. Private property is important as well as limited control of markets.

• Laissez Faire- The idea that government should play no role in regulating markets or the economy

• Invisible Hand –The belief that markets and social well being will be “cared for” by individual self interest

• Market – Any place (real or theoretical) were things and bought and sold

• Capital- the personal property of an individual that can be used to accrue more wealth

• Supply- the willingness and ability of a person to produce and sell a good

• Demand – the willingness and ability of a person to purchase a product

• Equilibrium Price/Quantity – the intersection of supply and demand that markets automatically find based on the invisible hand.

• Mercantilism – Economic system based on government activity to increase the wealth of a country by decreasing imports, increasing exports, and accruing precious metals

• Tariff- tax on imported goods to prevent people from buying them.

• Monopoly-Situation where one company controls too much market power (price and quantity supplied )

• Socialism- economic theory based on the idea that all resources should be owned by everyone

• Progressive Income tax- Tax system based on increased rates of taxation based on increased income levels

• Bourgeoisie –The wealthy property owners

• Proletariat –Working class

• Middle class –The in-between class/ generally managed factories