pricing strategies for neutral-temperature district...
TRANSCRIPT
PRICINGSTRATEGIESFORNEUTRAL-TEMPERATUREDISTRICTHEATINGANDCOOLINGNETWORKSBASEDONHEATPUMPS
MarcoCozzini,MatteoD’Antoni,SimoneBuffa,RobertoFedrizziEURACResearch,Bolzano,Italy
HPC2017,Rotterdam,15-18May2017
OUTLINE
- FLEXYNETSproject:neutraltemperatureDHCnetworksbasedonHPs
- Boundsonheatpricesgivenbythecombineduseofelectricity(top-downanalysis)
- Examplesforproducersandconsumers(includingprosumers)
TheFLEXYNETSapproach
ElaborationofsubstationsforconnectiontoDHCnetworkthroughreversibleheatpumps
From the water-loop concept to adecentralised low-temperature DHCnetwork (15-25°C)
AssessmentofDHCnetworktopologies
FLEXYNETSingredients- Neutraltemperaturenetwork,15-25°C- Reversibleheatpumps atsubstationsà prosumers
Advantages- Strongreductionofthermallosses- Integrationoflow-temperaturewasteheat- Reversiblenetwork
Disadvantages- Electricitycosts- Highersubstationcosts
Substationdefinition
Energysources- Hightemperature(boilers,CHP,incinerators,industrialwasteheat)- Lowtemperaturewasteheat (supermarkets,datacentres,…)Energysinksorlongterm(possiblyseasonal)storage
Prosumerssubstations
Producerssubstations
EnergyTRADINGstrategies(focusonheating)- Whatenergysourcesareworthtobeintegratedfromthe
economicperspective?
- Whatpriceshallbegiventoeachenergysource?
- Whatbusinessmodelsarereasonablefromtheenergyutilityandthecustomerperspectives?
- Howcandecisionmakerspromotelow-temperaturedistrictheatingandcoolingnetworks?
Approachonpricecomponents- Top-down approachbasedonreferenceheatingcostsofa
potentialcustomer,𝑐",$%&- FLEXYNETSshouldnotincreasecosts
- Aheatpump isneededtoprovidetherighttemperaturelevelsforspaceheatinganddomestichotwater:- Thecustomerpaysbothnetworkthermalenergy (atacertain
unitarycost𝑐",'"()and electricity (ataunitarycost𝑐%))- HighCOP thankstoFLEXYNETSnetworktemperature
- Sensitivityanalysis for𝑐",$%&,𝑐%),COP
Pricecomponents
HP
𝑐%)
𝑐",'"(𝐸+,%
𝐸%) = 𝐸+,%1COP
𝐸",'"( =
= 𝐸+,% 1 −1COP
𝐸+,% 1COP𝑐%) + 𝐸+,% 1 −
1COP 𝑐",'"( = 𝐸+,%𝑐",$%&
𝑐",'"( =𝑐",$%& − 𝑐%) COP⁄1 − 1 COP⁄
Simplelinearrelationformaximumadmissibleprice
(PossiblyuseSCOPinstead…)
ExamplesReferenceheatingcosts,𝑐",$%&:100-150€/MWhPossiblesplit:100€/MWhofgascost(residential)+40€/MWhofboilerplantcost(annualized)
à 𝑐",$%& =140€/MWh
𝑐%) =150€/MWh
COP=3.5 COP=6
Heatingmode𝑇7%89,:7 [°C] 𝑇);<=,;+8 [°C] COP
10 35 4.815 35 5.320 35 5.8
DHCutilitymargin
COP=5
𝑐%) =150€/MWh
Assessmentofincomesfortheutilitycompany,basedon
runningcosts
Assessmentofmaximumheatpricetothecustomer,basedonelectricityprice
EnergytradingstrategiesAnumberofbusinesscasescanbeaddressed:
∞ EnergyProducer
∞ EnergyConsumer
∞ InvestmentonProducer
∞ InvestmentonUtility
∞ Th.energyispaidbyutility∞ Th.energyisprovidedforfree
∞ Th.energyispaidbyutility∞ Th.energyisprovidedforfree
∞ EnergyProsumer
∞ InvestmentonConsumer
∞ InvestmentonUtility
∞ Electricityispaidbyutility∞ Electricityispaidbycustomer
∞ Electricityispaidbyutility∞ Electricityispaidbycustomer
ExamplesofbusinesscasesBusinesscase1a:Producer– InvestmentonUtilityCompany- Wasteheatrecoveryfrommediumsizesupermarketdrycooler(150kW)- W/WHeatPumpincreaseswasteheattemperaturefrom25°Cto40°C
InvestmentperkW 1500 €/kWCapacity 150 kWMaintenance 1% -/yearInvestmentCost 225,000.00€ €MaintenanceCost 2,250.00€ €/year
interestrate 2% -InvestmentHorizon 20 yearsAnnualisedInvestment 320,205.23€ €Annuity 7.1% -
Operationhours1 3000 hours/yearOperationhours2 6000 hours/yearSCOP 6 -Costofelectricity 100 €/MWh
(incl.maint.)
𝑃8? =150kW𝐶:7A ∼ 320k€𝑁D =20yearsℎD%<$ =3000÷6000h/yearCOP=6𝑐%) =100€/MWh
Conservativeassumptionsoninvestmentcosts,all
included.
ExamplesofbusinesscasesBusinesscase1a:Producer– InvestmentonUtilityCompany- Wasteheatrecoveryfrommediumsizesupermarketdrycooler(150kW)- W/WHeatPumpincreaseswasteheattemperaturefrom25°Cto40°C
Costofheat1(Investment) 35.58€ €/MWhCostofheat2(Investment) 17.79€ €/MWh
Costofheat1(electricity) 16.67€ €/MWh
Costofheat1(prosumer) -€ €/MWhCostofheat2(prosumer) -€ €/MWh
Costofheat1(total) 52.25€ €/MWhCostofheat2(total) 34.46€ €/MWh
Costofheat(investment), (GHIJKL?MNOPQM
Costofelectricity,𝑐%)/COP
à Costofheat(producer)
ExamplesofbusinesscasesBusinesscase1b:Producer– InvestmentonUtilityCompany- Wasteheatrecoveryfrommediumsizesupermarketdrycooler(150kW)- Directwasteheatrecoverywithoutheatpumpfrom30°Cto15°C
𝑃8? =150kW𝐶:7A ∼ 110k€𝑁D =20yearsℎD%<$ =3000÷6000h/yearCOP=20𝑐%) =100€/MWh
InvestmentperkW 750 €/kWCapacity 150 kWMaintenance 1% -/yearInvestmentCost 112,500.00€ €MaintenanceCost 1,125.00€ €/year
interestrate 2% -InvestmentHorizon 20 yearsAnnualisedInvestment 160,102.62€ €Annuity 7.1% -
Operationhours1 3000 hours/yearOperationhours2 6000 hours/yearSCOP 20 -Costofelectricity 100 €/MWh
(incl.maint.)
ExamplesofbusinesscasesBusinesscase1a:Producer– InvestmentonUtilityCompany- Wasteheatrecoveryfrommediumsizesupermarketdrycooler(150kW)- Directwasteheatrecoverywithoutheatpumpfrom30°Cto15°C
Costofheat(investment), (GHIJKL?MNOPQM
Costofelectricity,𝑐%)/COP
àCostofheat(producer)
FLEXYNETStemperaturescansignificantlycutintegrationcosts!
Costofheat1(Investment) 17.79€ €/MWhCostofheat2(Investment) 8.89€ €/MWh
Costofheat1(electricity) 5.00€ €/MWh
Costofheat1(prosumer) -€ €/MWhCostofheat2(prosumer) -€ €/MWh
Costofheat1(total) 22.79€ €/MWhCostofheat2(total) 13.89€ €/MWh
Conclusions/Remarks- Gatheringlowtemperaturewasteheatcanbeeconomicallyviable
(incentivesdisregardedonpurposeinthesecalculations).- Dependingontemperaturelevelsofenergysourceandnetwork,
thecostofrecoveredenergycanvarylargely.- Differentbusinesscases canbeconsidered(e.g.,substations
ownedbyusersorbyutilitycompany).- Ananalysisofthistypecanbeusedforplanning,evenatpolicy
level.- FLEXYNETSnetworkscouldbenefitofdynamiccontrol strategies,
wherevariablepricescouldbeimplemented.
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TheFLEXYNETSprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sHorizon2020researchandinnovationprogramme under grantagreementNo.649820