Preview Activity

Standards: US.II 3a,3b,3c,4c

Reconstruction: 1865-1877

Safari Montage: Reconstruction Introduction

SAFARI Montage

What was “Reconstruction”?After the Civil War, the

South was devastated and bitter

Reconstruction was the re-building of the Union (particularly in the South)

Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved

SAFARI Montage: Chapter 1 (CHECK LINK)

Guided Reading Activity 17.1Read the paragraph and answer the

accompanying questions

Lincoln’s Plan of Reconciliation

ReconciliationTo bring into agreement

or harmonyTo come together,

forgiving and forgetting the past

Lincoln believed that preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South.

SAFARI Montage(AKA: The 10% Plan)

Robert E. Lee: Pro-Reconciliation

Former Confederate GeneralUrged Southerners to

reconcile with Northerners at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight

Became president of Washington College, which is now known as Washington and Lee University

Lincoln AssassinatedApril 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s

Theatre in D.C. by John Wilkes BoothDied the next day, on April 15th, 1865

President Andrew Johnson

From Tennessee, a Confederate stateAgreed with Lincoln that states had

never legally left the UnionSAFARI Montage

President Johnson’s PlanOffered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners

who took a simple oath, or promise of loyalty, EXCEPT Confederate officers

State constitutions had to deny slavery and secession

EFFECTS1. Certain leading Confederates could not vote2. They just gained power in state governments3. Same old, same old!

Reconstruction AmendmentsPassed by Congress to help with

ReconstructionGuaranteed equal protection under the law13th Amendment (1865)14th Amendment (1868)15th Amendment (1870)Helpful phrase: “FREE CITIZENS VOTE!”

13th AmendmentAbolished (banned) slavery

in the U.S. and its territories

"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

SAFARI Montage

14th AmendmentRules that you are a

citizen if you are born in the U.S. or its territories

“All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”

SAFARI Montage

15th AmendmentIt is illegal to deny

someone the right to vote based on race

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

SAFARI Montage

Reconstruction AmendmentsPrimary Source Activity and Foldable

DILI 3a: Reconstruction Amendments

Historical PerspectivesPOLITICAL

Associated with “politics”Involves government, public office, rights, laws, etc.

SOCIALAssociated with “society”Involves race, gender, age and other ways of

grouping peopleECONOMIC

Associated with the “economy” Involves money, business, trade, jobs, etc.

Polic

ies a

nd P

robl

ems o

f Re

cons

truct

ion:

SCR

EAM

No

tes

Soldiers from the North supervised the South.

Carpetbaggers from the North take control of Southern politics and business, leading to resentment from the Southerners.Rights for African Americans were gained as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of federal troops to enforce it.Establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South.

African Americans could hold public office in the South.

Military leaders of the Confederacy could not hold office.

Southern Reaction to Reconstruction: Black Codes

Purpose was to control daily life for freedmenKept them working on

plantations and farmingReceived the same old

treatmentForced many former

slaves to become “sharecroppers”

SAFARI Montage

Cycle of Sharecroppin

gThe sharecropper rents a piece of land from the

landowner. This rent includes a

shack, seeds and farming tools.

The sharecropper promises to give the landowner a

percentage of the crops. The sharecropper

plants and harvest the crops such as

corn, wheat, fruits, pecans, and

peanuts.

The sharecropper gives the landowner the amount of crops

agreed upon.

Some of the remaining crops feed the

sharecropper’s family. Rarely, there are enough crops to sell for profit.

Another portion of the crop is sold to

pay rent to the landowner for the

next season.

*Sharecropping Activity

“SCREAM” Your Frustrations!Read the directions in your note

packet to write down what frustrations you would address with President Johnson regarding the Reconstruction policies

Northern Soldiers Supervised the South

Civil Rights Act of 1866Gave full citizenship to African

AmericansStated that the federal government

would enforce the lawOverturned the Black Codes

CarpetbaggersMen from the North that went to the

South after the Civil War to make money from the people of the South

Freedmen’s BureauEstablished to help former slaves go to schoolSAFARI Montage

Compromise of 1877Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a

compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876

Republicans (mostly in the North) ended the military occupation of the South in exchange for having their candidate Rutherford B. Hayes become President

Safari Montage: (Stop at Plessy vs. Ferguson)

“Who Killed Reconstruction?”DBQ Class Set Reading and Questions

DILI 3b: Reconstruction Policies/Problems

Quick ReviewReconstruction attempted to give meaning to the

freedom that former slaves had achieved, as well as rebuilt the South.

Reconstruction AmendmentsFREE CITIZENS VOTE!13th Amendment – banned slavery14th Amendment – established citizenship15th Amendment – can’t deny the vote based on

raceALL – guarantee equal protection under the law

Reconstruction’s Continuing Legacy - “Jim Crow” Era

Late 1800s to mid-1960s when Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation, and other public facilities

Racial segregationBased upon raceDirected primarily against African Americans

but other groups were also kept segregated (American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924).

Reconstruction and Segregation

Segregation means to separate by race

African Americans and whites were separated in public places (“racial segregation”)

“Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African AmericansThey legalized segregation.

SAFARI Montage

Racial SegregationExplain or describe this cartoon:

Plessy v. FergusonSupreme Court case in 1896 that maintained

segregation“Separate but equal” was legal

Examples of Jim Crow Laws Buses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor

transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races.” Alabama

Railroads: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama

Restaurants: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.” Alabama

Education: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.” Florida

Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan

Founded in Tennessee by 6 rebelsBecame the most powerful secret society in the SouthMembers threatened, beat, and even killed African

AmericansBurned schools and churches in night raidsDisrupted elections (there were more than 100,000

more eligible African American voters than white)

SAFARI Montage

Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan

TodayAbout 100 different

chaptersAs many as 5,000

membersStrongest in the

South and MidwestMonitored by the

FBI for hate crimes and Civil Rights violations

Rights Lost Due to Jim CrowViolated the Reconstruction Amendments which

guaranteed equal protection under the law for all born in the U.S.

The right to voteThe right to serve on juriesMade discrimination legal in many communities

and statesUnequal opportunities in housing, work,

education, and government

Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow

Frederick DouglassFormer slave and human

rights activistFought for adoption of

constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights

Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties, or rights and freedoms, for all (including women and minorities)

Biography Link

Reconstruction Legacies: Lincoln, Lee, Douglass Notes

Complete the review page for these three gentlemen.

DILI 3c: Reconstruction Legacies

Booker T. WashingtonBelieved equality could be achieved through

vocational education / job trainingEstablished the Tuskegee Institute

Accepted social segregationWays to remember him:

“T” for training/Tuskegee“Book” for education

W.E.B. DuBoisBelieved in full political, civil,

and social rights for African Americans

Helped to found the NAACPBelieved in immediate

integration (no segregation)Ways to remember him:

Wanted “D’bois and d’girls full freedom!”

SAFARI Montage

Reconstruction Legacies: Washington and DuBois

Complete the review page for these two gentlemen.

Comparing Washington and DuBoisUse the class set readings to fill in the facts about

Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois.Think:

Where are they from?What are their backgrounds?What did they believe?How did their peers respond to them?

“Worse Than Slavery” Cartoon Analysis

DILI 4c: Constraints Faced

Study Guide Review! Review: Safari Summary

7 minutes