prevention first 2012 (10-22-12) - state lands...
TRANSCRIPT
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SEISMIC ISOLATION OF PIERS AND WHARVES USING LEAD-RUBBER BEARINGSBob Harn – Senior Project Manager | Jeff Kilborn – Project Manager
PREVENTION FIRST 2012October 24, 2012
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Presentation Overview
• Principles of seismic isolation
• Principles of lead-rubber bearings (LRBs)
• Applications
• MOT case study
• Broadway Pier retrofit
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Behavior with and without Seismic Isolation
Without Isolation With Isolation
Foundation
Structure
Isolators
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Characteristics of a Seismic Isolation System
• Added flexibility increases period of vibration and reduces force response
• Energy dissipation (damping) controls forces and displacements
• Rigidity under service demands
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Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB)
Lead Core provides initial stiffness with high damping when yielded
Internal Plate
Laminated Rubber provides flexibility and re-centers bearing after earthquake
Rubber Cover
Flange Plate
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Requirements of Marine Seismic Isolation System
• Every element tested
• Resist desired earthquake undamaged
• Saltwater resistant
Lead-Rubber Bearing
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LRB Dolphin
• Batter piles are stiff and strong for service loads
• LRBs add flexibility and damping system• LRBs capacity protect the batter piles
Example Pushover Plot Damping vs. Displacement Plot
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Uses of LRB Dolphins“Seismic Isolation” and “Drift Control”
Bas
e Sh
ear
Period
Drift Control
Seismic Isolation
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Applications of LRB dolphins
• Retrofit of existing piers• Seismic isolation reduces base shear, protects assets
• Construction below deck
• Minimize need for new piles
• Deep water piers• Drift control reduces displacements, protects assets
• LRB dolphins strengthen pier for non-seismic demands
• Reduces number and size of required plumb piles
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Previous Applications of Seismic Isolation to Piers
POLA Berth 136 Extension (1994)Sliding Friction Dampers
Puerto de Coronel Chile (2008)
LRB
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Use of Seismic Isolation on Piers by BergerABAM
• Retrofit of Broadway Pier – San Diego, CA (2009)• Deep water pier (2011)• Deep water pier with large industrial building (2011)
105’
110’
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MOT Case Study
• Earthquake - MOTEMS POLA CLE• No liquefaction• Target displacement 10 inches
85’
Section
Concrete deck
Pipe piles
60’ x 100’ unloading platform (ULP)
MOT Plan
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Solution Using 54” Diameter Plumb Piles
54” x 2” wall pipe piles
• Mass = 4700 kips• Displacement = 10 inches• V= 2100 kips• Damping 8%• Steel weight in piles = 2,000,000 lbs• Approx. Cost = $4 million
Section
4’-6” thick deck
Pile Plan
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Solution Using 36” Piles and LRBs for Drift Control
36” x 0.75” pipe piles plumb and battered (28 total)
• Mass = 3100 kips• Displacement = 9.5 inches• V=1170 kips• 19% damping• Steel weight in piles = 1,100,000 lbs• Approx. Cost = $2.8 million36” thick deck
LRBs
Section
Pile Plan
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MOT Unloading Platform Case Study Summary
• 54” diameter piles• Thick heavy deck required to fix piles• Less damping – higher force
• $ 4.0 million for unloading platform
• LRBs with 36” diameter piles• Thinner deck – less mass• More damping – less force
• $2.8 million for unloading platform
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Broadway Pier Seismic Upgrade – San Diego, CA
• Owner - San Diego Unified Port District
• Part of larger Broadway Pavilion project
• Completed in late 2010
• Project Team• BergerABAM• Bermello/Ajamil Partners Inc. • Moffatt&Nichol-Blaylock
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Broadway Pier Project Overview
• Client wants new building on an aging pier• Pier had seismic deficiencies – did not meet CBC• No permit for new piles• Project completion date fixed• Limited budget
1025’Bulkhead
Plan of Broadway Pier
Proposed Building
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Seismic Deficiencies
Beach deposits (liquefiable)
• Brittle batter pile connections both directions• Insufficient ductility in plumb piles
Section Through Pier
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Solution
New Pavilion Building
New seismic isolation bearings on new pile caps supported on the existing piles
• All work done under pier
• No building impact
• Cost $3 million
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Construction Step 1
• Install falsework• Remove pile cover• Install stage 1 pile cap
• Install falsework• Remove pile cover• Install stage 1 pile cap
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Construction – Step 2
• Install pipe shoring• Cut-off existing piles• Anchor reinforcement
• Install pipe shoring• Cut-off existing piles• Anchor reinforcement
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Construction – Step 3
• Complete stage 2 pile cap• Install LRBs• Complete grouting, remove
shores and falsework
• Complete stage 2 pile cap• Install LRBs• Complete grouting, remove
shores and falsework
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Summary - Applications of Seismic Isolation
• Deep water Piers• Drift control of plumb pile structures
• Reduce base shear to protect assets (buildings, equipment & utilities)
• Retrofit of existing piers• Seismic isolation
• Reduce base shear to protect assets
• Minimize impacts on operations
• Minimize number of new piles
• Questions?