presumptive design: "it's not research! we're getting stuff done!"

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#UXPA2016 www.uxpa2016.org Session Survey: http://www.uxpa2016.org/session/survey/258 Conference Survey: www.uxpa2016.org/survey Presumptive Design It's Not Research! We're Getting Stuff Done! UXPA 2016, Seattle Leo Frishberg Principal | Phase II @leofrish

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Presumptive Design It's Not Research! We're Getting Stuff Done! UXPA 2016, Seattle Leo Frishberg Principal | Phase II @leofrish

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Pre

sum

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esi

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An In

trod

uctio

n

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Activity Time Activity Time

Intros/Agenda/Objectives 10 min About the Engagement Session

15 min

PrD – Overview Stump the Leo

20 min Break 15 min

Assumptions 30 min Preparation 15 min

The Key Feature 5 min Engagement Session 40 min

The Tasks, Context and Objectives

10 min Debrief / Analysis 5 min

Preparing the Artifact 15 min Report-outs 10 min

The Script 10 min What is PrD? – Reprise 10 min

Engagement Session Demo 5 min Open discussion, books remaining

1:30

1:40

2:00

2:30

2:35

2:45

3:00

3:10

3:15

3:15

3:30

3:45

4:00

4:40

4:45

4:55

5:05

Agend

a \

Intr

os

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A L

ittle

Ab

out

Leo

May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com

•  35 years in design

•  Serial Entrepreneur

•  Super power: Predicts the future

•  Kryptonite: Always wrong

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•  Introduce a rapid method of validatin assumptions based on Design Thinking

•  Apply the process to internalize its value

•  Explore the differences between PrD and other research and design methods

The best way to predict the future is to invent it. – Alan Kay, 1971, Dennis Gabor, 1963

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. – Arthur C. Clarke, 1961 – Clarke’s Third Law

Work

shop

O

bje

ctiv

es

May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 5

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Presumptive Design (PrD) A Brief Overview and Q&A May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 6

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On Y

our

Feet

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May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 8

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UK

Desi

gn C

ouncil

Do

ub

le D

iam

ond

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Pre

sum

ptiv

e D

esi

gn

Com

ponents

and

Tim

elin

e

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1  dy-­‐1wkInvites Recruit  /  C alendar

Engagement  S essions Analysis Report  out

Prac

tice  /  D

ry-­‐run

L ogistics

Time  frame:  2  hrs  -­‐  2  days Time  frame:  1/2  -­‐  1  hour  (ea)

Prework

C reation  S ession(s)

Intro

ductions

 /  Ex

plan

ation  of  proce

ssIntro

duce

 Task(s)

Enga

ge  with

 participan

t

1  hour-­‐3  weeks 1  day  -­‐  1  month 1  hour  -­‐  1  week

Intro

ductions

 -­‐  Creative

 Ex

ercise

Data  Review  /  Ex

pert  

Presen

tatio

ns

Task  Brainstorming

Artifac

t  Creation

Scrip

t  Develop

men

t

Time  frame:  1  week  -­‐ 1.5  months

It’s time to Stump the Leo

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What Does PrD Mean by Assumptions?

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Und

ers

tand

ing

Ass

um

ptio

ns

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Und

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tand

ing

Ass

um

ptio

ns

May 2016 15

Figure 1 Figure 2

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Und

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Ass

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Figure 2

@leofrish phaseiidesign.com May 2016

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Dis

cove

ring a

n

Ob

ject

•  Objective: Capture 10 or more

design assumptions built-into the object

•  Process: Post-its on the wall/flipchart

•  Outcome: Report out to the group your top assumptions

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Bra

inst

orm

ing

R

ealit

y Rules for Brainstorming

•  Defer Judgment

•  First thoughts first

•  “Yes and…” build on the

ideas of others

•  Stay focused on the topic

•  Hold one conversation at

a time

•  Be visual!

•  Go for “quantity over

quality”

•  Have fun!

Finding built in assumptions:

Who is it designed for?

What is its intended use?

Where is it used?

How is it maintained?

If you get stuck…

Think the opposite Who isn’t it designed for?

and so forth

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Rep

ort

O

ut

Common Everyday Object

Design Assumptions

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Beyo

nd

the

Orig

inal O

bje

ct

•  Objective: Capture 10 or more

alternative uses for the object

•  Process: Post-its on the wall / flip chart

•  Outcome: Report out to the group your top assumptions

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Bra

inst

orm

ing

A

ltern

ativ

es

Rules for Brainstorming

•  Defer Judgment

•  First thoughts first

•  Encourage wild ideas!

•  “Yes and…” build on the

ideas of others

•  Stay focused on the topic

•  Hold one conversation at a

time

•  Be visual!

•  Go for “quantity over

quality”

•  Have fun!

Finding Alternative assumptions:

–  Who else could use it? –  What else could it be

used for? –  and so forth

If you get stuck…

–  Think about a different context •  Where could the

object be used? •  and so forth…

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Rep

ort

O

ut

Common Everyday Object

Alternatives

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Photo

cre

dit:

fan

tail

media

via

Fote

r.com

/ C

C B

Y-N

C-N

D

An Artifact From the Future

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Ext

end

ing t

he

Orig

inal O

bje

ct

•  Objective: Build your own

assumptions into the object by adding a “digital” dimension

•  Start by adding the digital dimension

•  Brainwrite all of the assumptions inherent in adding that dimension

•  Process: Brainwriting as a group

•  Outcome: Report out to the group your top assumptions

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Bra

inw

ritin

g

Ext

end

ing t

o t

he

Dig

ital D

imensi

on

Rules for Brainstorming

•  Defer Judgment •  First thoughts first •  Encourage wild ideas! •  “Yes and…” build on the

ideas of others •  Stay focused on the topic •  Hold one conversation at

a time •  Be visual! •  Go for “quantity over

quality” •  Have fun!

Rules for Brainwriting

•  Take a card from your stack

•  Write as many ideas for overcoming the challenge as you can – One per card!

•  Keep your ideas short and write clearly so others can read them

•  When you finish an idea, place the card in the “pool” (middle of the table)

•  When you need inspiration, take a card from the pool.

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Rep

ort

O

ut

Common Everyday Object

Digital Extensions

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Choosing the Key Feature Pick one digital attribute to explore

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May 2016

Tasks, Context and Objectives

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To B

uild

the F

utu

re,

You N

eed

a

Defin

itio

n o

f ‘D

one’ S

Specific: a single focus for each objective—no “and” or “ors”

M Measurable: a number—how many “things” will it take to be considered done

A Attainable: will it be achievable in the time frame of the exercise?

R Relevant: is it appropriate to the research?

T Time-bound: after how much time will you consider the exercise done?

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Engag

em

ent

Sess

ion O

bje

ctiv

es

(Choose

1)

Document three user-identified assumptions that differed from the team’s. Capture at least three reactions to the proposed problem based on the assumed context and task. Discover at least one additional context in which the participant would expect to use the artifact. Identify at least one task the participant would do with the artifact in addition to the task proposed by the team.

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May 2016

A Miniature Creation Session Prepare the Artifact and the Script

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Engag

em

ent

Sess

ion S

crip

t •  This is like a usability test, but it isn’t a usability test.

•  Prepare a minimal script to introduce the exercise and the artifact:

•  “Thank you for joining us today!”

•  “We’re helping a client understand a new product they’re considering introducing to the market. To that end, we’ve created a rough prototype of their idea. We’d appreciate your help in improving on our work.

•  <hand them the artifact>

•  “Please recall a recent time you used <something like this>.

•  <listen for their story>

•  “Our client expects to improve on your experience by enhancing <the object> with the ability to <the new digital feature – if possible, relevant to their story >.

•  “You mentioned <their story, summarized>

•  “Please demonstrate using this product to do that same task, knowing <the object> has these additional capabilities”

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Engag

em

ent

Sess

ion

Dem

onst

ratio

n

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May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 34

Engagement Session Overview

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Engag

em

ent

Sess

ion

Pro

ced

ure

s •  You will ask the participant to tell you a story about a recent

use of the object. •  You will then offer the participant the artifact and have them

use the artifact as they did the object in their story. •  Based on their reaction, you will take notes on what they say

as they perform the task. •  If they get stuck, or turn to you for help, this is a key

opportunity to learn more. •  Mirror their question back to them. (“What would you do in this

situation?”) •  Do not explain or present the design or assumptions. •  Prompt them to consider their behavior in the context (or

performing the task) as they attempt to use the artifact. •  Remember: This is about your client’s assumptions, some of

which may not be apparent until the participant calls your attention to them!

•  ALWAYS KEEP YOUR OBJECTIVE IN MIND!

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Engag

em

ent

Sess

ion R

ole

s •  You will have multiple opportunities to

work with participants.

•  Choose a Facilitator. You can have several— one for each participant.

•  All of the others become Researchers/Observers

•  The Facilitator role is subtle:

–  Offer the artifact with a minimal introduction.

–  Ask the participant to perform the task.

–  Become an improv artist based on the participant’s reactions.

May 2016

Analyst

Researcher / Observer

Designer

Builder

Facilitator / Planner

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Bre

ak

Take

5, 10,

15

min

ute

s –

ple

ase

b

e b

ack

by

3:4

5

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Engag

em

ent

Sess

ion P

rep

ara

tion

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The Engagement Session

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Analysis and Report Out

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Process in Review

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Design  Sprint  

Cultural  Probes  

Usability  Tests  

Rapid  Prototyping  

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Data Gathering Complete

Analysis/ Insights Complete

Report Out Complete, Design Team Ramp Up

Conceptual Design Complete

Design Development Complete

Iteration 0 Complete

Project Phases/Time

Effort

Research

Design

Values are for illustrative purposes

Insights

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Project Phases/Time

Effort

Data Gathering, Analysis/Insights, Conceptual Design Complete

Report Out, Design Development Complete

Iteration 0 Complete

Research

Design

Insights

Values are for illustrative purposes

PrD

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Refe

rences

•  Buxton, Bill; Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design; Morgan Kaufmann; 2007

•  Carroll, Lewis; Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There; The MacMilllan Company, New York, London, 1899

•  Dubberly, Hugh; Evenson, Shelley; and Robinson, Rick; The Analysis-Synthesis Bridge Model; http://www.dubberly.com/articles/interactions-the-analysis-synthesis-bridge-model.html

•  Frishberg, Leo; Lambdin, Charles; Presumptive Design: Design Provocations for Innovation. Morgan Kaufmann; 2016

•  Frishberg, Leo; Presumptive design, or cutting the Looking-glass cake. Interactions, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 18-20; 2006

•  Frishberg, Leo; Presumptive design, or cutting the Looking-glass cake. SAO Ignite, March, 2012; http://www.slideshare.net/leofrish/presumptive-design-or-cutting-the-looking-glass-cake

•  Kuhn, Thomas; The Structure of Scientific Revolutions; University of Chicago Press, 1962

•  Laseau, Paul; Graphic Thinking for Architects and Designers; Van Nostrand, 1980 •  Owens, Charles; Design Thinking: Notes on its Nature and Use; Design Research

Quarterly Vol. 2, N0. 1, January, 2007, pp. 16-27 •  Sato, Steve; Using Design Thinking to Measure Design’s Impact; CHIFOO Presentation,

September 2013 http://www.chifoo.org/index.php/chifoo/events_detail/using_value_to_position_design_ux_and_hci_more_strategically_in_an_organiza/

•  Sanders, Liz; Stappers, Pieter Jan; Convivial Toolbox: Generative Research for the Front End of Design; BIS Publishers, 2013

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When to use PrD?

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Unknown Unknowns

Unknowable Unknowns

Known Unknowns

Known Knowns

PrD

in t

he

Cyn

efin

Fra

mew

ork

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Unknown Unknowns

Unknowable Unknowns

Known Unknowns

Known Knowns

{C=E} “Best Practice”

Sense-Categorize-Respond

Simple  

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Unknown Unknowns

Unknowable Unknowns

Known Unknowns

Known Knowns

{C------>E}

{C=E} “Best Practice”

Sense-Categorize-Respond

Simple  

Complicated  

Sense-Analyze-Respond

“Good Practice”

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Unknown Unknowns

Unknowable Unknowns

Known Unknowns

Known Knowns

{C------>E}

{C=E} “Best Practice”

Sense-Categorize-Respond

Simple  

Complicated  

Sense-Analyze-Respond

“Good Practice”

Complex  

C E

C E{ }

Probe-Sense-Respond

“Emergent Practice”

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Unknown Unknowns

Unknowable Unknowns

Known Unknowns

Known Knowns

{C------>E}

C≠E {C=E} “Best Practice”

Sense-Categorize-Respond

Simple  

Complicated  

Sense-Analyze-Respond

“Good Practice”

Chaotic  

Complex  

C E

C E{ }

Probe-Sense-Respond

“Novel Practice”

“Emergent Practice”

Act-Sense-Respond May 2016

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Unknown Unknowns

Unknowable Unknowns

Known Unknowns

Known Knowns

{C------>E}

C≠E {C=E} “Best Practice”

Sense-Categorize-Respond

Simple  

Complicated  

Sense-Analyze-Respond

“Good Practice”

Chaotic  

Complex  

C E

C E{ }

Probe-Sense-Respond

“Novel Practice”

“Emergent Practice”

Act-Sense-Respond

Presumptive Design Resides Here

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Backup

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Why Artifacts Aren’t Prototypes

Artifacts vs. Prototypes

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‘You don’t know how to manage Looking-glass cakes,’ the Unicorn remarked. ‘Hand it round first, and cut it afterwards.’

May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 56

Design to Fail Create, Discover, Analyze Make Assumptions Explicit Iterate, Iterate, Iterate The Faster You Go, the Sooner You’ll Know

Have Fun!

Lack of Courage / Skill Lack of Diversity Believing Our Own Stories Unclear Objectives Losing Our Audience

Incrementalism!

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The Case of the Misplaced

Business Case

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The Curious Case of the

Hardboiled Egg

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The Case of the Transformed Treatment

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