presumptive design: "it's not research! we're getting stuff done!"
TRANSCRIPT
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Presumptive Design It's Not Research! We're Getting Stuff Done! UXPA 2016, Seattle Leo Frishberg Principal | Phase II @leofrish
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Pre
sum
ptiv
e D
esi
gn
An In
trod
uctio
n
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Activity Time Activity Time
Intros/Agenda/Objectives 10 min About the Engagement Session
15 min
PrD – Overview Stump the Leo
20 min Break 15 min
Assumptions 30 min Preparation 15 min
The Key Feature 5 min Engagement Session 40 min
The Tasks, Context and Objectives
10 min Debrief / Analysis 5 min
Preparing the Artifact 15 min Report-outs 10 min
The Script 10 min What is PrD? – Reprise 10 min
Engagement Session Demo 5 min Open discussion, books remaining
1:30
1:40
2:00
2:30
2:35
2:45
3:00
3:10
3:15
3:15
3:30
3:45
4:00
4:40
4:45
4:55
5:05
Agend
a \
Intr
os
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A L
ittle
Ab
out
Leo
May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com
• 35 years in design
• Serial Entrepreneur
• Super power: Predicts the future
• Kryptonite: Always wrong
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• Introduce a rapid method of validatin assumptions based on Design Thinking
• Apply the process to internalize its value
• Explore the differences between PrD and other research and design methods
The best way to predict the future is to invent it. – Alan Kay, 1971, Dennis Gabor, 1963
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. – Arthur C. Clarke, 1961 – Clarke’s Third Law
Work
shop
O
bje
ctiv
es
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Presumptive Design (PrD) A Brief Overview and Q&A May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 6
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On Y
our
Feet
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UK
Desi
gn C
ouncil
Do
ub
le D
iam
ond
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Pre
sum
ptiv
e D
esi
gn
Com
ponents
and
Tim
elin
e
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1 dy-‐1wkInvites Recruit / C alendar
Engagement S essions Analysis Report out
Prac
tice / D
ry-‐run
L ogistics
Time frame: 2 hrs -‐ 2 days Time frame: 1/2 -‐ 1 hour (ea)
Prework
C reation S ession(s)
Intro
ductions
/ Ex
plan
ation of proce
ssIntro
duce
Task(s)
Enga
ge with
participan
t
1 hour-‐3 weeks 1 day -‐ 1 month 1 hour -‐ 1 week
Intro
ductions
-‐ Creative
Ex
ercise
Data Review / Ex
pert
Presen
tatio
ns
Task Brainstorming
Artifac
t Creation
Scrip
t Develop
men
t
Time frame: 1 week -‐ 1.5 months
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What Does PrD Mean by Assumptions?
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Und
ers
tand
ing
Ass
um
ptio
ns
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Und
ers
tand
ing
Ass
um
ptio
ns
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Figure 1 Figure 2
@leofrish phaseiidesign.com
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Und
ers
tand
ing
Ass
um
ptio
ns
16
Figure 2
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Dis
cove
ring a
n
Ob
ject
• Objective: Capture 10 or more
design assumptions built-into the object
• Process: Post-its on the wall/flipchart
• Outcome: Report out to the group your top assumptions
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Bra
inst
orm
ing
R
ealit
y Rules for Brainstorming
• Defer Judgment
• First thoughts first
• “Yes and…” build on the
ideas of others
• Stay focused on the topic
• Hold one conversation at
a time
• Be visual!
• Go for “quantity over
quality”
• Have fun!
Finding built in assumptions:
Who is it designed for?
What is its intended use?
Where is it used?
How is it maintained?
If you get stuck…
Think the opposite Who isn’t it designed for?
and so forth
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Rep
ort
O
ut
Common Everyday Object
Design Assumptions
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Beyo
nd
the
Orig
inal O
bje
ct
• Objective: Capture 10 or more
alternative uses for the object
• Process: Post-its on the wall / flip chart
• Outcome: Report out to the group your top assumptions
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Bra
inst
orm
ing
A
ltern
ativ
es
Rules for Brainstorming
• Defer Judgment
• First thoughts first
• Encourage wild ideas!
• “Yes and…” build on the
ideas of others
• Stay focused on the topic
• Hold one conversation at a
time
• Be visual!
• Go for “quantity over
quality”
• Have fun!
Finding Alternative assumptions:
– Who else could use it? – What else could it be
used for? – and so forth
If you get stuck…
– Think about a different context • Where could the
object be used? • and so forth…
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Rep
ort
O
ut
Common Everyday Object
Alternatives
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Photo
cre
dit:
fan
tail
media
via
Fote
r.com
/ C
C B
Y-N
C-N
D
An Artifact From the Future
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Ext
end
ing t
he
Orig
inal O
bje
ct
• Objective: Build your own
assumptions into the object by adding a “digital” dimension
• Start by adding the digital dimension
• Brainwrite all of the assumptions inherent in adding that dimension
• Process: Brainwriting as a group
• Outcome: Report out to the group your top assumptions
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Bra
inw
ritin
g
Ext
end
ing t
o t
he
Dig
ital D
imensi
on
Rules for Brainstorming
• Defer Judgment • First thoughts first • Encourage wild ideas! • “Yes and…” build on the
ideas of others • Stay focused on the topic • Hold one conversation at
a time • Be visual! • Go for “quantity over
quality” • Have fun!
Rules for Brainwriting
• Take a card from your stack
• Write as many ideas for overcoming the challenge as you can – One per card!
• Keep your ideas short and write clearly so others can read them
• When you finish an idea, place the card in the “pool” (middle of the table)
• When you need inspiration, take a card from the pool.
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Rep
ort
O
ut
Common Everyday Object
Digital Extensions
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Choosing the Key Feature Pick one digital attribute to explore
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May 2016
Tasks, Context and Objectives
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To B
uild
the F
utu
re,
You N
eed
a
Defin
itio
n o
f ‘D
one’ S
Specific: a single focus for each objective—no “and” or “ors”
M Measurable: a number—how many “things” will it take to be considered done
A Attainable: will it be achievable in the time frame of the exercise?
R Relevant: is it appropriate to the research?
T Time-bound: after how much time will you consider the exercise done?
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Engag
em
ent
Sess
ion O
bje
ctiv
es
(Choose
1)
Document three user-identified assumptions that differed from the team’s. Capture at least three reactions to the proposed problem based on the assumed context and task. Discover at least one additional context in which the participant would expect to use the artifact. Identify at least one task the participant would do with the artifact in addition to the task proposed by the team.
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May 2016
A Miniature Creation Session Prepare the Artifact and the Script
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Engag
em
ent
Sess
ion S
crip
t • This is like a usability test, but it isn’t a usability test.
• Prepare a minimal script to introduce the exercise and the artifact:
• “Thank you for joining us today!”
• “We’re helping a client understand a new product they’re considering introducing to the market. To that end, we’ve created a rough prototype of their idea. We’d appreciate your help in improving on our work.
• <hand them the artifact>
• “Please recall a recent time you used <something like this>.
• <listen for their story>
• “Our client expects to improve on your experience by enhancing <the object> with the ability to <the new digital feature – if possible, relevant to their story >.
• “You mentioned <their story, summarized>
• “Please demonstrate using this product to do that same task, knowing <the object> has these additional capabilities”
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Engag
em
ent
Sess
ion
Dem
onst
ratio
n
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Engagement Session Overview
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Engag
em
ent
Sess
ion
Pro
ced
ure
s • You will ask the participant to tell you a story about a recent
use of the object. • You will then offer the participant the artifact and have them
use the artifact as they did the object in their story. • Based on their reaction, you will take notes on what they say
as they perform the task. • If they get stuck, or turn to you for help, this is a key
opportunity to learn more. • Mirror their question back to them. (“What would you do in this
situation?”) • Do not explain or present the design or assumptions. • Prompt them to consider their behavior in the context (or
performing the task) as they attempt to use the artifact. • Remember: This is about your client’s assumptions, some of
which may not be apparent until the participant calls your attention to them!
• ALWAYS KEEP YOUR OBJECTIVE IN MIND!
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Engag
em
ent
Sess
ion R
ole
s • You will have multiple opportunities to
work with participants.
• Choose a Facilitator. You can have several— one for each participant.
• All of the others become Researchers/Observers
• The Facilitator role is subtle:
– Offer the artifact with a minimal introduction.
– Ask the participant to perform the task.
– Become an improv artist based on the participant’s reactions.
May 2016
Analyst
Researcher / Observer
Designer
Builder
Facilitator / Planner
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Bre
ak
Take
5, 10,
15
min
ute
s –
ple
ase
b
e b
ack
by
3:4
5
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Engag
em
ent
Sess
ion P
rep
ara
tion
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The Engagement Session
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Analysis and Report Out
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Process in Review
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Design Sprint
Cultural Probes
Usability Tests
Rapid Prototyping
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Data Gathering Complete
Analysis/ Insights Complete
Report Out Complete, Design Team Ramp Up
Conceptual Design Complete
Design Development Complete
Iteration 0 Complete
Project Phases/Time
Effort
Research
Design
Values are for illustrative purposes
Insights
PrD
Incre
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Decre
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Data Gathering, Analysis/Insights, Conceptual Design Complete
Report Out, Design Development Complete
Iteration 0 Complete
Research
Design
Insights
Values are for illustrative purposes
PrD
Incre
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Refe
rences
• Buxton, Bill; Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design; Morgan Kaufmann; 2007
• Carroll, Lewis; Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There; The MacMilllan Company, New York, London, 1899
• Dubberly, Hugh; Evenson, Shelley; and Robinson, Rick; The Analysis-Synthesis Bridge Model; http://www.dubberly.com/articles/interactions-the-analysis-synthesis-bridge-model.html
• Frishberg, Leo; Lambdin, Charles; Presumptive Design: Design Provocations for Innovation. Morgan Kaufmann; 2016
• Frishberg, Leo; Presumptive design, or cutting the Looking-glass cake. Interactions, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 18-20; 2006
• Frishberg, Leo; Presumptive design, or cutting the Looking-glass cake. SAO Ignite, March, 2012; http://www.slideshare.net/leofrish/presumptive-design-or-cutting-the-looking-glass-cake
• Kuhn, Thomas; The Structure of Scientific Revolutions; University of Chicago Press, 1962
• Laseau, Paul; Graphic Thinking for Architects and Designers; Van Nostrand, 1980 • Owens, Charles; Design Thinking: Notes on its Nature and Use; Design Research
Quarterly Vol. 2, N0. 1, January, 2007, pp. 16-27 • Sato, Steve; Using Design Thinking to Measure Design’s Impact; CHIFOO Presentation,
September 2013 http://www.chifoo.org/index.php/chifoo/events_detail/using_value_to_position_design_ux_and_hci_more_strategically_in_an_organiza/
• Sanders, Liz; Stappers, Pieter Jan; Convivial Toolbox: Generative Research for the Front End of Design; BIS Publishers, 2013
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When to use PrD?
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Unknown Unknowns
Unknowable Unknowns
Known Unknowns
Known Knowns
PrD
in t
he
Cyn
efin
Fra
mew
ork
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Unknown Unknowns
Unknowable Unknowns
Known Unknowns
Known Knowns
{C=E} “Best Practice”
Sense-Categorize-Respond
Simple
May 2016
PrD
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Cyn
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Unknown Unknowns
Unknowable Unknowns
Known Unknowns
Known Knowns
{C------>E}
{C=E} “Best Practice”
Sense-Categorize-Respond
Simple
Complicated
Sense-Analyze-Respond
“Good Practice”
May 2016
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Unknown Unknowns
Unknowable Unknowns
Known Unknowns
Known Knowns
{C------>E}
{C=E} “Best Practice”
Sense-Categorize-Respond
Simple
Complicated
Sense-Analyze-Respond
“Good Practice”
Complex
C E
C E{ }
Probe-Sense-Respond
“Emergent Practice”
May 2016
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Unknown Unknowns
Unknowable Unknowns
Known Unknowns
Known Knowns
{C------>E}
C≠E {C=E} “Best Practice”
Sense-Categorize-Respond
Simple
Complicated
Sense-Analyze-Respond
“Good Practice”
Chaotic
Complex
C E
C E{ }
Probe-Sense-Respond
“Novel Practice”
“Emergent Practice”
Act-Sense-Respond May 2016
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Unknown Unknowns
Unknowable Unknowns
Known Unknowns
Known Knowns
{C------>E}
C≠E {C=E} “Best Practice”
Sense-Categorize-Respond
Simple
Complicated
Sense-Analyze-Respond
“Good Practice”
Chaotic
Complex
C E
C E{ }
Probe-Sense-Respond
“Novel Practice”
“Emergent Practice”
Act-Sense-Respond
Presumptive Design Resides Here
May 2016
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Backup
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Why Artifacts Aren’t Prototypes
‘You don’t know how to manage Looking-glass cakes,’ the Unicorn remarked. ‘Hand it round first, and cut it afterwards.’
May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 56
Design to Fail Create, Discover, Analyze Make Assumptions Explicit Iterate, Iterate, Iterate The Faster You Go, the Sooner You’ll Know
Have Fun!
Lack of Courage / Skill Lack of Diversity Believing Our Own Stories Unclear Objectives Losing Our Audience
Incrementalism!
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The Case of the Misplaced
Business Case
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The Curious Case of the
Hardboiled Egg
May 2016 @leofrish phaseiidesign.com 59