pressure p = force per unit area = f/a si units: = n/m 2 = nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 pa

12

P = Force per unit area F/A its: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

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Page 1: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Pressure P = Force per unit area

= F/A

SI units: = N/m2

= Nm-2

= 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Page 2: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Ex. Calculate the pressure in Pa exerted on the ground by a 1.2 kgbook that has length 6.0 cm, a width 8.0 cm and a height 3.0 cm when…

a/ …it is lying on the side with the largest area.

b/ Repeat for when it is lying on its smallest-area side.

Page 3: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Pascal’s Principle - The pressure applied to a fluid (like water or air)in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of thefluid and to the walls of the container.

Ex: Two cylinders with moveable pistons that contain a fluidand are connected:

The pressure isthe same in both cylinders.

But if the areasare different,then the forceswill differ.

Page 4: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

If you call the pressure in the left-hand cylinder Pleft, and the pressure in the right-hand cylinder Pright, then Pascal’s principlestates that:

Pleft = Pright

FL/AL = FR/AR

Ex. If a force of 2.0 N is exerted on an area AL = 0.10 m2, what force is needed to balance it on the other side if AR = 5.0 m2?

Page 5: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Ex. Car breaks transmit forces using this principle.

Page 6: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Conversion:

1 atmosphere = 1.01x105 Nm-2 = 101 kPa = 760 mm Hg

Ex. How much force (in N) is exerted on an inch squared at sea level by the pressure of the atmosphere (1 inch = 2.54 x 10-2 m)?

Use 1 N = 0.225 lbs to convert to this force to pounds.

Page 7: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Ex. The weight of the atmosphere above one inch squared is 14.7 pounds. This force is transmitted everywhere in the airat sea level.

Page 8: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Ex. Bernoulli’s Principle: an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure.

Ex. A fluid flows from a thicker tube into a smaller one

. What happens to its speed as in enters the smaller tube? What happens to its KE? If it is moving with a greater v forward, will it exert thesame pressure on the walls of the tube?

vv

Page 9: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Ex. Wings.

Page 10: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Ex. Curve balls:

Page 11: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Q: Where does air pressure come from?A: When a gas molecule bounces off of a surface, it undergoes a change in v:

Ex. Draw Dv:

Dv = vf – vi = vf + (-vi)

Dv --> mDv --> Dp --> impulse exerted by wall on molecule = -impulse of molecule on wall --> FDt --> Pressure

What determines the amount of the pressure?

1. higher T --> greater KE --> faster v --> more P

2. more frequent collisions (b/c smaller space)--> greater P

vf

vi

vf-vi

Dv

wall

wall impulse

molecule impulse

Page 12: Pressure P = Force per unit area = F/A SI units: = N/m 2 = Nm -2 = 1 pascal = 1 Pa

Homework:

Read pages: 280-283 in your text.

On page 288, do 14-16, 21, 22 and 27

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