THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Presidents of the United States

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Review:War between who?British and French (Spain entered later on French side)

Fighting over what?North American Territory

What are the effects?Britain Wins and gains lands

BEFORE

AFTER

PROCLAMATION ACT OF 1763 To avoid conflict with the Native Americans Britain decided to limit settlement west of the colonies already established. This enraged many farmers and land speculators who wanted access to the land.

REVOLUTION AND NORTHWEST ORDINANCEIn the Revolutionary War American Colonist gained control of all of Britian’s land claims in North America.The Colonists are no longer under the restrictions of the Proclamation Line of 1763

Northwest Ordinance-1787Created the Northwest Territory1st organized territory in United StatesEstablished the precedent by which the federal government would be sovereign and expand westward across North America with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation.

George Washington 1789-1797

The first President of the country’s history.The General over the continental Military during the

American Revolution.The chairperson over the Constitutional Convention in

Philadelphia.Legacy: 1. Establishes precedents, including first Cabinet Positions2. The Bill of Rights3. Jay’s Treaty with England and Pickney’s Treaty with Spain.4. French Revolution5. Cotton Gin Invented in his time period6. Farewell Speech: Principle concern, protect the Constitution

(go to page 1068)

CREATION OF VERMONTIn 1791 Vermont was the 1st State admitted into the United States after the original 13Set a precedent that each new state is equal to the original 13The people in Vermont mainly opposed slavery

Kentucky is admitted later that year (favors slavery)

Keeps Balance

John Adams 1797-1801

FederalistSecond President of the United StatesA lawyer by professionWinner of first real contested election1. XYZ Affair (1797)2. The Alien and Sedition Act (1798)

Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809

Democrat-RepublicanWriter of the Declaration of IndependenceOpposed much of the political stances of his

federalists predecessors.1. Louisiana Purchase and Louis and Clark

expedition (1804-1806)2. Marbury vs Madison (1803)3. Embargo Act (1807)4. Beginning of the Second Great Awakening

LOUISIANA PURCHASE1800-Napoleon Bonoparte convinced Spain to give Louisiana back to FranceThomas Jefferson (President) believed that having France back in North America would force the US into an alliance with British, whom Jefferson despised.He sent ambassador Robert Livingston to negotiate with France.Napoleon was making plans to conquer Europe and did not want to risk an alliance between Britain and the US which would hurt his plans in Europe. So, Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory as well as New Orleans to the US for 11.25 Million.The US agreed—this more than doubled the size of the US.

WAR OF 1812

US vs. Great Britain Reasons:Trade restrictions brought about by Britain's continuing war with FranceThe impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal NavyBritish support of American Indian tribes against American expansionAmerican interest in annexing British North American territory (part of modern day Canada)

Results:No boundary changes The British proposal to create a "neutral" Indian zone in the American West was rejected at the Ghent peace conference and never resurfaced.

Video (my website)

Andrew Jackson 1829-1837

DemocratA former general and war hero in the War of1812 (the Battle of New Orleans).1. Indian Removal Act (1830),2. Trail of Tears 3. Nullification Crisis (1830)4. Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831)

Video of Jackson

Native Americans

How are Native Americans affected by Westward Expansion?

Primary Source Readings Source Contextualize Compare

Read, answer questions, discussVideo

THE NATIONAL ROAD

Aka: Cumberland Road 1811-1824first major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. The approximately 620-mile long National Road provided a connection between the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and a gateway to the West for thousands of settlers.

MOUNTAIN MEN

Mountain Men were hunters who were mainly seeking fur and beaver pelts which could be sold for a lot of money.The Mountain Men Heyday was between 1820 and 1830

ROCKY MOUNTAIN FUR COMPANYStarted by William Henry Ashley, an entrepreneur from VirginiaAdvertised for “enterprising young men . . . to ascend the river Missouri to its source, there to be employed for one, two, or three years”The men who responded to this call became known as "Ashley's Hundred." Between 1822 and 1825, Ashley and Henry's Rocky Mountain Fur Company, did several large scale fur trapping expeditions in the mountain west. Ashley devised rendezvous: system in which trappers, Indians and traders would meet annually in a predetermined location to exchange furs, goods and money.

JEDEDIAH SMITH

One of “Ashley’s Hundred”First white man to travel overland from the Salt Lake frontier, the Colorado River, the Mojave Desert, and finally into California. Smith was the first United States citizen to explore and eastwardly cross the Sierra Nevada and the treacherous Great Basin. Smith also was the first American to travel up the California coast to reach the Oregon Country.Survived being mauled by a bearJedediah Smith's explorations and documented discoveries were highly significant in opening the American West to expansion by white settlers and cattlemen.

JIM BRIDGER

Joined “Ashley’s Hundred” at age 18One of the first white men to see the Great Salt LakeMarried three different native women (they kept dying)Shortened the Oregon Trail by 61 miles (Bridger’s Pass)Bridger’s Pass was the chosen route for the Railroad and eventually Highway 80He helped many different wagon trains as they traveled West

HOW DID MOUNTAIN MEN AFFECT EXPANSION?Creating trailsWriting experiences in journalsMappingBuilding fortsGuiding travelers

James K. Polk 1845-1849

Dark Horse CandidateDemocrat1. Manifest Destiny2. Mexican War (1846-1848)

1. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: the forced Mexican Cession of the territories of Alta California and New Mexico to the U.S. in exchange for $15 million

3. Expansion of the Union: Texas, California, Utah

4. Wilmot Proviso (1846)

MANIFEST DESTINY

Separate PPT

Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865

First Republican PresidentLawyerAbolitionist1. Served at the time of the Civil War2. Emancipated the slaves in the South3. Gettysburg Address (1863)4. Was able to pass the 13th amendment,

regarding the end of slavery. (1865)5. First President to be assassinated in office (by

John Wilkes Booth, 1865)

TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROADThe transcontinental railroad created a nation-wide transportation network that united the country. This network replaced the wagon trains of previous decades and allowed for the transportation of larger quantities of goods over longer distances.Read and Answer Questions On:Homestead ActPacific Railway Act

UNION PACIFIC

Created by the Pacific Railway Act in 1862Built from East to WestBuilt primarily by Irish immigrantsOther workers included whites, African Americans, and Asians

CENTRAL PACIFIC

Authorized to expand from California eastward in 1962 by the Pacific Railway ActBuilt from West to EastMost of the railroad workers were Chinese“The Big Four”Sacramento businessmen who financed the Railroad (paid back by government)

Leland StanfordCollis HuntingtonCharles CrockerMark Hopkins

PROMONTORY POINT

The Union Pacifica and Central Pacific railroads were racing to cover as much land as possible, nobody knew exactly where they would meet up until they started to draw near to each other. The railroad companies were given massive amounts of land (10 miles on both sides of the tracks) where they built, this land would become extremely valuable, so they wanted to build as much track as they could.They finally met at Promontory Summit, Utah.On May 10, 1869, Leland Stanford drove the Last Spike (or golden spike) that joined the rails of the transcontinental railroad. Video

Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909

RepublicanRevives the PresidencyRough Rider during the Spanish American WarAmerican ImperialismTrust BusterProgressive1. Social Welfare Action2. Meat Inspection Act (1906) pg. 5713. National Parks (Yosemite)4. Teddy Bear5. Environmental Conservatism

Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921

IdealistProgressive1. Neutrality2. Mexican Revolution 3. World War I4. Treaty of Versailles (League of Nations)5. Petticoat Government6. Red Scare

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1945

DemocratSocial ProgramsLongest serving president in history (12

years)1. The New Deal2. World War II3. Executive Order 9066 (Japanese

Internment)

Harry S. Truman 1945-1951

DemocratFrom Missouri1. End of WWII2. Dropped the Atomic Bomb on Japan3. Beginning of the Cold War

John F. Kennedy 1961-1963

DemocratFirst Catholic President1. Bay of Pigs (April 1961)2. Cuban Missile Crisis (October 14-28, 1962)3. Growth of NASA: “We choose to go to the

moon.”4. Assassinated in Dallas, TX (1963)

Richard Nixon 1969-1974

RepublicanOnly President to resign (August 9, 1974)1. US lands on the Moon (July 1969)2. Vietnam War (1965-1975)3. Pentagon Papers (1971)4. Visits China (1972)5. Watergate (1972)6. S.A.L.T. (1972)

1. Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty

Ronald Reagan 1981-1989

RepublicanFormer Actor1. Ends the Iran hostage crisis2. Trickle Down Economy (Reaganomics)3. Arms Race4. The Berlin Wall Come Down

Bill Clinton 1993-2001

DemocratSecond President ever impeachedControversial President1. Economic Prosperity2. Impeachment Trial (1999)

George W. Bush 2001-2009

Republican1st Father-Son President combo since John Adams, and John Quincy Adams1. September 11th, 20012. War on Terror: Afghanistan, Iraq3. Hurricane Katrina (2005)4. Great Recession (2008-2009)

Barack Obama 2009-Present

DemocratFirst African-American President1. Government Bailout (2009)2. Nobel Peace Prize (2009)3. Social Media impact4. Obamacare (2009)5. Killing of Osama Bin Ladin (2011)6. Libya Embassy bombing (2012)7. NSA Leaking: Edward Snowden (2013)