The Vasa – 50 years on50 years after the raisingof the Vasa, the pioneeringresearch continues –see page 3

Mount Athos textilesA project to preservetextiles in a monastery onHoly Mount Athos describedon pages 4 and 5

Call for PapersIIC 2012 Vienna CongressCall for papers, the AGM,the publications sale andother IIC news – pages 6–7 No.23, April 2011

e iridescence of thousands of jewel beetlewings was used to extraordinary effect onthe dress worn by the Queen of the eatre,the beautiful and talented Ellen Terry, whenshe played Lady Macbeth in 1888. e dresswas one of the most celebrated costumes ofthe era. It is now part of the collection of theUK National Trust and had been identifiedas a high priority for treatment.

120 years after its debut, conservationwork commenced on the dress which hadbeen altered a number of times and hadsuffered wear and tear, distortion of theoriginal shape, loss of some beetle wings and

damage to others. Zenzie Tinker, who led theconservation team, described the projectwhich took over 1500 hours as “a long andcomplex process”.

Beetle wings that had fallen off the gownhad been collected over time, however, somereplacements were also needed and thesewere fortunately donated to the project.About 100 damaged wings were delicatelyrepaired and supported with Japanese tissueand wheat starch paste. Although time-consuming this aspect of the treatment wasrelatively straightforward.

The complexity lay in the work to repairand support the fragile emerald and seagreen dress, returning it to its original 1888shape made familiar by John Singer Sargent’sportrait of Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth.Using a combination of analysis anddetection work, closely referencingcontemporary photographs and the SingerSargent painting, the conservators separated,repaired and reunited pieces of the originaldress from what is believed to be anamalgamation of two costumes. In someplaces the tattered hemline had to beextended with new crochet to restore theactress’s famous trailing gown. Conservationwas complicated by the unusual constructionof the dress which is hand crocheted andknitted from Bohemian yarn, described bythe designer Alice Comyns-Carr as being,“ atwist of soft green silk and blue tinsel”.Conservators supported the now weak andvery stretchy dress on custom-dyed Nylonnet after painstakingly repairing all the holesin the crochet using a re-crochet technique.They also focussed on restoring the originallength and fullness to the elaborate sleeves.

The dress is back on display in Smallhythe

Heritage andpoliticalunrest

PhotographsbyandreproducedwiththepermissionofZenzieTinker.

PhotographbyandreproducedwiththepermissionofZenzieTinker.

Photographbynyaa_birdies_perch/mari.Madeavailableon

Flickr,underCreativeCommonsLicenseAttribution2.0

Generic(CCBY2.0

Lady Macbeth and the Beetles

Recent events in the Middle East havehighlighted the vulnerability of culturalheritage sites and collections during periodsof unrest. is has lead to a number ofannouncements by UNESCO, and actions byUNESCO and its partners, to provide expertassistance. On 15 March, Director-GeneralIrina Bokova expressed her pride at “... thereaction by the citizens of Tunisia, Egypt andLibya – young and old alike – to protect theirheritage during a time of uncertainty andchange that too oen spilled over intoviolence.” However, it was clear that these

On the 11 March the Director-General ofUNESCO Irina Bokova, expressed thesentiments of people the world over whenshe said,“My heart goes out to the people ofJapan and all those peoples of the Pacificcaught in the terrifying and destructivesweep of the tsunami ....... e images beingbroadcast around the world are trulydistressing.”

Since then the true scale of the disaster hasbecome even more apparent. It has thereforebeen inspiring to see the determination withwhich Japanese people with responsibility forcultural heritage, and cultural heritageorganisations around the world, have ralliedto set the heritage recovery in motion.

On its website ICCROM noted itsintention to collaborate with otherorganisations in developing a “strategy to aidin the salvage and recovery of the country’sheritage”. In the 30 March update, ICCROMstates that “... 416 properties located in 19prefectures are reported as damaged,including four national treasures. Amongthem is the Zuigan-ji temple”. In additionthey note that there are around 400museums in the affected region and therehas been damage to 114 of them and seriousdamage to 31. Further updates may see thesefigures increase.

Zuigan-ji Temple

Fitting the original belt on the dress to establishhow much of it is missing.

Beetle wings awaiting reattachment to thecostume.

Conservator Natalia Zagorska-Thomas repairing oneof the sleeves of the costume.

The Japan & Pacific 2011 Blue ShieldSolidarity page on Facebook containsupdates and, more recently, anannouncement of the establishment, of acultural heritage rescue project to salvageunregistered collections in the affectedregion. There has also been an appeal forinformation and assistance from theSecretary of the Fukushima Network forPreserving Historical Materials. The full textcan be seen at:http://rekishishiryonet.wordpress.com/2011/03/27/67/

After the tsunami

actions were not sufficient to the stop the“unscrupulous few who would profit fromthe situation”.

As military action was taken to enforce ano-fly zone over Libya to help preventcivilian death, the Director General appealedfor Libyan forces and the nations involved inthe military action “to respect the HagueConvention on the Protection of CulturalProperty in the Event of Armed Conflict(1954) ......and keep military operations awayfrom cultural sites”.

In a further posting on their website,UNESCO emphasised the “absolute need forrigorous museum documentation systems, toprevent collections from becomingworthless”. The events in the Middle East andthe disaster in Japan have emphasised howthorough collection documentation is one ofthe means for protecting collections throughhelping to prevent illicit trade, assisting inrecovery and proving ownership. See Page 7– Under Lock and Key

Place in Kent, which was Ellen Terry’s homefrom 1899 to 1928. The full effect of thesleeves and the delicate draping of the dresscan once more be appreciated as it is nowdisplayed on a revolving pedestal, with themannequin’s arms raised. The pose echoesthat used in the Singer Sargent portrait thatis displayed at the Tate Gallery. SmallhythePlace now has a good quality modern display

area that will help to protect the dress andother items from Ellen Terry’s theatrecollection, in the long term

This extensive conservation project wasmade possible after a campaign that raised£50,000. No beetles were killed in themaking or conservation of the dress – thesewood boring insects shed their wings duringtheir lifecycle.

2012 IIC Congress Call for PapersDeadline approaching. For Details see page 6

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News in Conservation No. 23, April 2011

News in Conservation is published by The InternationalInstitute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works6 Buckingham Street, London, WC2N 6BA, UKTelephone +44 (0)20 7839 5975 Fax +44 (0)20 7976 1564www.iiconservation.orgISSN 1995-2635

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© 2011 The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works

EditorialI hope you are all looking forward to IIC’s 2012 Congressin Vienna – and more importantly preparing yourresponses to the Call for Papers. The potential range oftopics is considerable, and I think that as well as eruditediscussion of conservation principles and scientificapplications, we can expect some aesthetic delights as weexplore The Decorative: Conservation and the Applied Arts.

In this issue we travel to the holy Mount Athos, where apreventive conservation project has resulted in upgradedstorage and treatment for a collection of textiles, while ourfront page feature describes some of the challenges oftreating a famous theatre costume. From textiles toshipwrecks – we learn about the ongoing pioneering work onthe Swedish warship, Vasa. Happy 50th anniversary to theVasa project! We also travel to Brazil where an historiccollection is receiving conservation treatment, after some ofit was thrown into the rubbish.

2011 continues to be a year ofchallenges.

In the last issue I noted that it was shaping up to be a yearof challenges and that has certainly continued to be the case.Few people could have imagined the power of the tsunamithat resulted from the earthquake off the coast of Japan. Onceagain, and probably more powerfully than ever before, wehave been reminded of the fragility of our hold on our world- it is sobering to discover that there are several millionearthquakes a year across the world.

Broadcast from Japan we saw buildings, cars, ships andshipping containers all swept away, with the true horror beingthat people were all caught up in this as well. But then,despite the scale of the destruction we have witnessed peoplepicking themselves up and dealing with their situation.

Once again the priority given to the salvage of culturalheritage, after the rescue and recovery of people, is atestament to the importance of culture in our societies.Objects, personal treasures, the society’s culturaldocumentation, sites and monuments, all become symbols ofcontinuity.

There have been appeals for assistance and information –please read the small piece on page one, follow the links andmonitor the DistList – any one of us might be able to assist insome way in the recovery of Japan’s libraries, museums,archives and heritage.

Vicki HumphreyEditor

News in brief...Discovered, uncovered, vandalisedEarlier this year Israeli archaeologists uncovered a 1,500-year-old church at a site known as Hirbet Madras, south-westJerusalem. e Byzantine church, which was at first thoughtto be a synagogue, had a very well preserved mosaic floorthat included images of lions, foxes, fish and peacocks.Whenthe find was reported in Art Daily in early February, thearticle noted that the church “will be visible only for anotherweek before archaeologists cover it again with soil for its ownprotection”. Subsequently, a decision was made to leave themosaics uncovered so that people could see them. e floordescribed by the dig leader, Amir Ganor, as “one of the mostbeautiful mosaics to be uncovered in Israel in recent years”attracted a great deal of interest. e Antiquities Authority,the body that had funded the evacuation, worked to preparethe site with the intention of keeping it open for visitors.

On the 24th March, Ynet News reported an aggressive attackon the mosaic, leaving it looking as though it had been “hit bymortar shelling”. (http://www.ynet.co.il; see Shmuel Browns’English report on http://israeltours.wordpress.com/2011/03/24/hirbet-midras-vandalized/)

The damage has been reported to the police who areinvestigating. The mosaic will now definitely be covered toprotect it. Damage such as this is punishable by 5 yearsimprisonment. Some degree of restoration is consideredpossible but is dependent on the level of funding available tocarry out the work.

Peeking under the masterpieceScanning macro X-ray fluorescence analysis, a technique thatcan be used to “allow us to see the first execution of theartist’s vision of the painting”was presented at the symposiumPartnerships and New Analytical Methodologies at theInterface of Chemistry and Art on March 29 in Anaheim,California. Science Daily (http://www.sciencedaily.com)reported that the University of Antwerp’s Matthias Alfeld andhis colleagues “hope to disperse doubts about the authenticityof several paintings or to confirm that these paintings werenot by the painter they have been attributed to” using thisnon-damaging technique.

The technique is not new but with this new portableversion the scanning can be used “on the scene in museums”.Previously paintings had to be transported to a particleaccelerator and some were too large to be scanned.

Among the results to date, is the team’s conclusion fromexamination of works from the workshops of Rembrandt andCaravaggio, that the painters “brown pigment mixture inunderpaintings actually consisted of recycled leftovers fromthe artist scraping his palette clean”.

Alfeld also drew attention to this meeting of science andart, saying that chemistry can also be applied to the “study ofsomething as beautiful as great works of art”.

Christchurch updateMonths aer the destructive earthquake in Christchurch,much of the centre of the city remains off limits. A residentrecently commented that it is like two different cities, withsome areas totally devastated and others appearing almostuntouched.

Since the earthquake there have been concerns about thehaste with which some heritage buildings have beendemolished. Canterbury’s Star newspaper has reported that aheritage campaigner has called for conservation architectsand architectural historians to work with structural engineersto prevent haste in the decision-making about the demolitionof damaged heritage buildings.

The Star reported that New Zealand Historic Places Trustchief executive Bruce Chapman said much of Christchurch’sheritage could be saved. He said,“In my view most of themost iconic buildings in Christchurch will survive.We thinkit’s important these buildings are in fact repaired. In futurethey’ll be important symbols”.

The requirement to make the city safe and to recover fromthe disaster is in conflict, in some cases, with the desire tosave iconic heritage buildings. These are difficult choices forthe residents of Christchurch.

Polish synagogue reopenedIn Zamosc, a town where there are few remaining Jewishcitizens following Nazi genocide, a synagogue described inYnet as a Renaissance gem has been restored and will open asa centre “for art exhibitions, concerts and other culturalevents”. In addition it will also be used occasionally forworship by visitors to Auschwitz, Belzec and Majdanek.

Ynet News reported that Weronika Litwin, co-ordinator ofthe restoration project, emphasised that,“Revitalization is notjust about restoring architecture. It’s also about giving thebuilding a new function, making it alive.”

e restoration work, which cost 1.7 million Euros, waslargely funded by grants from Norway, Iceland andLiechtenstein.

Books and documents in the rubbish pile.

From Rubbish to RestorationTercio Gaudencio, Paper and Book Conservator, has beenoverseeing the huge task of rescuing importantdocuments, books and artifacts that were on the verge ofbeing thrown away.

The Lavardio Museum is the biggest and oldest Masonicmuseum in South America and the collection contains manysignificant items relating to the history of Brazil. EmperorDom Pedro I, the founder and first ruler of the Empire ofBrazil, was Grand Master of the Brazilian Grand Lodge andthe collection has artifacts that relate to his rule, as well asdocuments from the Proclamation of the Independence(1822), the Liberation of the Slaves (1888) and theProclamation of the Republic (1889). It is estimated thatthere are about 17,000 documents dating from 1820, 7,000books, Emperor Dom Pedro’s throne, jewellery, clocks,medals, charts and works of art.

Due to a dispute, the museum’s collections suffered aconsiderable period of neglect. More recently archives coveringthe period 1822 to 2008 were packed into 210 large rubbishbags in preparation for disposal. Fortunately, during a visit tothe museum, the President of the Grande Oriente (GrandLodge) of Brazil saw what was happening and questioned this.It was only after the rubbish bags were rescued and the contentsexamined that their significance was rediscovered, and this casta new light on the collection as a whole.

The collection was transported to the conservation workshopand funds were secured to work on the collection.Workcommenced on saving as many of the books and documents aspossible. The approach across the whole collection has been tosave first – restore later. To date over 15,000 documents havebeen saved. The next stages of the work involve cleaning, thentreating.As the city of Rio de Janeiro has a tropical climate, thepoorly-cared-for documents were infested with mould andbacteria. They had also had suffered insect and rodent attack.The iron gall ink on the majority of the documents hadattacked the paper leaving it acidic and weakened. Documents

that are beyond repair are being digitised. Of the 7,000 books,550 from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries,were too damaged to be treated.

The rest of the collection is also receiving attention – theoil paintings have been treated and reframed and 51 of theimperial jewels have been conserved.Work is yet to beundertaken on the Dom Pedro’s wood, velvet and goldthrone, as well as personal items such as clocks/timepieces,cutlery, fabrics and porcelain.

This is a large project which has to be completed within aspecific timeframe, and the time allowed is short in view ofthe volume, complexity and importance of the collection. Theteam is also working with limited resources. For thesereasons, good project management and coordination hasbeen vital to the success of the project.With thedocumentation of the staged approach – save first – restorelater – as well as the solutions developed to deal with thespecific problems encountered, we believe that we will have aresource to assist others in tropical environments in dealingwith badly damaged collections, using limited resources.

PhotographtakenbyandreproducedwithpermissionofTercio

Gaudencio.

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News in Conservation No. 23, April 2011

research projects have been carried out over the last few yearsto examine the origin of these salts and methods to removethem, and more recently to investigate the mechanicalproperties of the acid-exposed wood (The Preserve the VasaProject and A Future for the Vasa Project). The airconditioning system has been upgraded and now produces aremarkably stable climate around the ship – 53–55% RH and18–20°C – which has arrested the development of theseoutbreaks. Investigations into Vasa’s salt problem are eagerlyfollowed by other shipwreck projects around the world, manyof which are also suffering from similar salt outbreaks, andthe museum has close cooperation with conservators world-wide, principally from the Mary Rose Trust in England, aswell as from Denmark and Western Australia. Since sulphatesare present naturally in salt water environments, anyshipwreck from a marine environment is potentiallyvulnerable to such outbreaks unless measures are taken toremove the salts before the wood dries out. Thus the researchhas implications for most underwater cultural heritage.

The current major focus of preservation research at theVasa Museum is into the wood’s mechanical properties, inpreparation for upgrading the support cradle upon which theca 1000-tonne hull sits. Once again a multi-disciplinaryapproach is necessary. Teams of archaeologists and engineershave been systematically documenting Vasa’s complex three-dimensional structure in order to understand and calculatehow the ship is constructed and how its mass is distributed.Another team of carpenters and technicians is graduallyreplacing the corroding iron bolts which were inserted in the1960s to replace the completely corroded original bolts. Inthe process they have developed new non-vibrationalmethods for removal and insertion.

Vasa’s role in spearheading conservation research over thelast 50 years is no accident. Since Vasa was one of the firstlarge shipwreck conservation projects, it has also been thefirst to experience new conservation challenges. There aresimply no precedents for this work. In terms of preservationresearch and ingenuity, the next 50 years are likely to be justas pioneering as the first!

BiographyEmma Hocker is Conservator atthe Vasa Museum in Stockholm,Sweden. A British national, shestudied ArchaeologicalConservation at the University ofLondon, UK, before working on anumber of shipwreck and landexcavations in Bermuda, Turkeyand South Carolina, USA. Moving to the United States inthe 1990s, she earned a Master of Science degree inArchitecture specializing in Historic Preservation at TexasA&M University in 1997. On returning to Europe in 1999,she worked with the National Museum of Denmark beforemoving to Sweden to take up her post at the Vasa Museumin 2003. She currently serves as Assistant Coordinator forthe ICOM-CC working group on Wet Organic ArchaeologicalMaterials.

The 24th April 2011 marks the 50th anniversary of theraising of the 17th century Swedish warship Vasa fromStockholm harbour, where she had sunk on her maidenvoyage in 1628. A series of events to mark the occasionhave been planned (see www.vasamuseet.se). Although thefocus of celebrations will be on the salvage itself, thesubsequent conservation project should be recognized forspearheading conservation research and laying thegroundwork for many other major shipwreck projects.

After the economic upheavals following World War II, thelate 1950s and early 1960s were full of optimism andentrepreneurial drive. Interest in sunken cultural heritage waskindled in many countries, in many cases aided by thedevelopment of SCUBA, which facilitated access andexcavation. In Denmark, remains of the 5 Skuldelev shipswere recovered after a cofferdam was built in 1962; that sameyear the Bremen Cog in northern Germany was discoveredand subsequently raised; in Turkey, the University ofPennsylvania conducted excavations on a 7th-century ship atYassi Ada from 1961 to 1964, followed by the Kyreniashipwreck in Cyprus in 1965. However the most daring projectof all was that to raise the entire 61m-long, 11m-wide and 21m-tall hull of the Vasa from Stockholm harbour in April 1961.

Since the ship appeared to be in such excellent condition, itwas gambled that it could withstand being lifted in one piece,which was accomplished successfully on 24th April 1961,watched by audiences worldwide in one of the first livetelevision broadcasts. However, the external wood surfaceswere degraded and required some form of impregnation witha conservation agent to avoid cracking and shrinkage. Aftertests on some of the loose material removed from the site inthe late 1950s, the new polymer polyethylene glycol or PEG(originally developed to stabilize cracks in fresh wood andpatented by Swedish manufacturer Mo & Domsjö AB) waschosen to treat the wood. Although dismantling the ship fortreatment in tanks was discussed, it was considered toodamaging, and so the only viable alternative was to spray thePEG solution over the gigantic structure.

Thus began the almost 30-year pioneering conservationproject in central Stockholm, involving conservators,archaeologists, engineers and chemists, in a multi-disciplinary cooperation that is now standard inconservation. Much new research was developed along theway, particularly into the properties and effectiveness of

different PEG polymers for impregnating waterlogged wood.PEG is still the standard method for treating waterloggedwood today, often combined with freeze-drying. A purpose-built conservation laboratory, the largest and most advancedof its time, was set up in central Stockholm to deal with theca 40,000 finds associated with the ship, including 3 bronzecannon (a valuable commodity, the majority of cannon weresalvaged from the wreck in the 1660s), iron projectiles,wooden, metal and ceramic tableware, animal and humanremains, substantial rope and sail fragments as well as thehundreds of painted sculptures which adorned the ship.

In 1990, the Vasa Museum was opened to display the shipand its contents, becoming an immediate tourist magnet.Original visitor predictions of 600,000 visitors per year wereexceeded immediately and are today double that number, andthe museum regularly rates among the most popularmaritime museums of the world. This success is a double-edged sword, however, since increased visitor numbers placestress on the preservation requirements of the ship. A decadeago, fluctuating relative humidity in the museum gave rise tothe development of white and yellow acidic salt outbreaks onthe wood, which were determined to be a range of ironsulphate salts. The iron came from the original iron bolts,now corroded, which had been used to hold the ship’stimbers together, while the sulphur was determined tooriginate from the sulphate-rich waters of Stockholmharbour. Fluctuating relative humidity caused migration ofmoisture and chemicals in the wood, which precipitated onthe surface as acidic salts. Thanks to financial support from anumber of Swedish funding agencies, two comprehensive

Vasa Leads theWay: 50 Years ofPioneeringConservationResearch

The ship as it sits today in the Vasa Museum, Stockholm, after conservation and reconstruction. The next important stage in preservation will bethe improvement of the support cradle upon which the ca 1000-tonne hull rests

PhotocourtesyoftheNationalMaritimeMuseumsofSweden

Photo:AnneliKarlsson,NationalMaritimeMuseumsofSweden.

Mount Athos

•Dr. Christos Karydis describes the first GettyFoundation funded programme for thepreventive conservation of a monasticcollection situated in Mount Athos, Greece

Preservation or Just a Materialistic Obsession?Preventive Conservation in an Orthodox Monastery

News in Conservation No. 23, April 2011

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The Byz-tex Athos project is the first integrated effort todocument, examine, investigate and preserve textiles in anOrthodox monastery at Mount of Athos in Greece. Thetextile collections are vast and this project will provide agreater understanding of the collections and thepreservation problems facing them. It will also enableprioritisation of preventive and basic interventive actionsacross the collections on a continuing basis, rather thanfocusing on in-depth interventive conservation treatmentsfor individual items.

Thirty-six post-Byzantine textiles, which are displayedand stored in the Monastery of Simonos Petra in MountAthos, were selected for preventive conservation. Inaddition other textiles, including Orthodox clericalgarments, decorative/liturgical fabrics and Ottomanfabrics dated from 16th to early 20th centuries, weredocumented and analysed.

Mount Athose Holy Mountain of Athos has been an Orthodox spiritualcentre since at least the 7th century, with the first monasteryestablished even earlier. It enjoyed both autonomous statusand a range of privileges under the Byzantine emperors.

Today it continues as a self-governing monastic state withinGreece. According to tradition, it became ‘Holy’ aer theVirgin Mary visited and Mount Athos is dedicated to Mary.

Nowadays, Mount Athos is still the most importantOrthodox monastic centre of the Eastern Christian Churchwith over 20 large, occupied and active monasteries. It is aUNESCO World Heritage Site, recognised for theoutstanding universal value of the monasteries that houserich collections of artworks from the Hellenistic period toByzantine and post-Byzantine times; for its uniquearchitecture and the preservation of vernacular architectureand craft skills, and for the outstanding natural environment.

The Collection and the Previous Storage Areae Simonos Petra Monastery was founded in the 13thcentury. Its treasury was the first at Mount Athos designed to20th century museum standards. e treasury is located inthe lower floor of the monastery building and, as it has nowindows, is protected from the direct daylight. Although thisspace was not purpose-built to house a museum collection,the environmental conditions are unlikely to contribute toany serious damage in the short term and can be stabilisedrelatively easily. e treasury is not open to the public; access

is only allowed for the keepers and for limited numbers ofvisiting researchers.

Most of the works were stored in wooden showcases andin wooden cabinets placed below the showcases. Solidbaskets were also used to store numerous liturgical fabrics.Other textiles – decorative and liturgical garments – werenailed on the wall or inside showcases. The showcases arerelatively new and in good condition, however they are notwell sealed, and thus let in dust and dirt. The backs of theshowcases were lined with fabric covered cardboard.Different adhesives had been used to attach these liningboards and a number of them were chemically unstable andoxidised, creating an unsuitable interior environment for theartefacts.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especiallyacetic acid and formaldehyde emitted by the woodenshowcases and the oxidised ancillary materials wereidentified as major factors in deterioration.

The temperature and relative humidity had not beenmonitored in most showcases as the equipment to do so wasnot available. There was one exception to this and thereadings indicated that the relative humidity was more than65% and the temperature higher than 24°C, in a period whenthe two dehumidifiers in the room were switched off. Some

PhotobyC.Karydis

Simonos Petra Monastery, Mount Athos, Greece.

News in Conservation No. 23, April 2011

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of the textiles stored in the showcases were in direct contactwith metallic objects; others were folded inappropriately.Overall, the storage methods used by the monks, the clergyand the keepers were considered inappropriate for the long-term preservation of the collection. This is in part due to themonks’ minimal knowledge of preservation and also to thelong term practice of folding the garments and all the otherliturgical textiles.

The textiles of the Simonos Petra Monastery were found tobe suffering deterioration caused by three main factors: theaction of chemicals including VOCs and oily stains fromcamphor and naphthalene tablets; poor handling, includingcreasing and folding for storage, and insect and fungalinfestations.In summary, following the examination of the collection, itseems that the Simonos Petra textile collection was sufferingfrom:• Inappropriate storage and display conditions and methods.• A lack of knowledge of the basic aspects of preventive

conservation and collection care amongst the keepers.• Shortage of collection keepers resulting in inadequate

levels of housekeeping and overall cleaning, and infrequentinspection of the artefacts.

• Shortage of funds resulting indirectly in a lack ofmonitoring and control of the environmental conditions.There was no environmental measuring equipment andthe use of non-archival materials was contributing to thedeterioration of the collection.

Documentation & the Upgraded Storage Areae preventive conservation strategy for the Simonos PetraMonastery textiles was made up of three key components:preventive measures, including documentation, some basictreatments to stabilise the textiles and measures to improveenvironmental and storage conditions; implementingongoing monitoring, and training in up-to date collectioncare methods for the keepers.

The first stage was documentation of the collection.Examination proforma were designed for recordinginformation about the history, location, condition, handling

stability, cut and construction, dimensions, and compositionof each object. Physicochemical dye analysis of thecomponent materials was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-ArrayDetection (HPLC- DAD). The collection items were alsophotographed. At this stage a risk assessment was carried outto determine the suitability of items for future transfer orloan outside Mount Athos.

The best way of studying andtreating the collections is tocombine an understanding of theclose relationship between doctrineand worship with respect for thesignificance of these collections tothe spiritual life.

This was followed by practical measures to remove sourcesof harm in direct contact with textiles. All the naphthaleneand camphor tablets were removed and surface cleaning wascarried out to remove acidic dust and dirt. As many of thetextile fibres were weak, hardened wax deposits wereremoved to prevent localised physical damage. This alsoprevented dust and dirt adhering to the wax in future.Oxidised particles from nails, pins and sticky labels that hadbeen attached to the textiles were also removed. Additionalcleaning with deionised water and ethanol removedparticulate deposits and stains, and ethanol was applied to

kill and remove micro-organisms from the textiles.The physical damage to the collection was addressed by

first removing previous restorations – this was for bothpreservation and aesthetic reasons. The textiles had creasesranging from heavy to light caused by use of the textiles andinappropriate handling/storage. Local humidification wasapplied to remove creases. Damaged areas were supportedwith various minimal stitching techniques using silk orsynthetic threads.

Following these basic treatments, the textiles were preparedfor storage. All the objects were rolled in acid free tissuepaper, with an outer layer of Tyvek. The large textiles with noheavy decoration, such as epitrachelia – liturgical vestments –were rolled on cylinders pre-covered with Melinex and acidfree tissue paper. Then all objects were stored in new metalcabinets and covered with Tyvek to protect them from dust.

The two dehumidifiers have been repaired and are working24hrs a day to reduce the high relative humidity. The relativehumidity and temperature are now 45% and 21°Crespectively. Monitoring is an ongoing issue and moredevices are being considered to monitor the display areas.Weare also considering the use of stress dosimeter sensors forevaluating the short- and long-term impact of the museumenvironment, including gaseous pollutants, Lightcheck UltraLCU textile fading cards and insect traps.

Training the keepersAnother important aspect of the project was training thekeepers of the collection to ensure that the standard ofongoing care improves. Basic training was provided whichcovered the broad principles of preventive conservation andintroduced some of the ethics and dilemmas of preventiveand interventive approaches. To raise awareness of the needfor good housekeeping and for appropriate handling, storageand display of the textiles, and to support the practicaltraining in these areas, the monks were provided withinformation about the physical and chemical properties ofmaterials, fabric structures, the factors that contribute todeterioration and up-to-date information on archivalmaterials.

The Spiritual and the MaterialAt Mount Athos it is the non-tangible – the spiritual andmystic life of the monks – and not the tangible – thetreasuries and the physical environment – that is consideredmost important. In such an environment, the best way ofstudying and treating the collections is to combine anunderstanding of the close relationship between doctrine andworship with respect for the significance of these collectionsto the spiritual life.

The objective of this project was to provide the abbots, thekeepers of the Athonian collections, with an accurate pictureof the overall state, of not only the particular monasticcollection on which this project focuses, but also of the othertextile collections of Mount Athos. Through training andraising awareness of preventive principles and actions, theynow have the ability to prioritise preventative measures forcollections and interventive conservation treatments forindividual items. This project – the first of its kind in thehistory of Mount Athos – has addressed many of the materialproblems of the collections and contributes to the ongoingcare of these treasures by those most closely associated withthem and for whom they have the greatest significance.

BiographyChristos Karydis has a PhD inPreventive Conservation andHistory from University of Lincoln.He received his MA in PreventiveConservation from NorthumbriaUniversity and his BA (Hons) inConservation from De MontfortUniversity. He currently works as apostdoctoral researcher inpreventive conservation & historywith the collaboration of the Ormylia Diagnostic Art Centreand the Getty Foundation and is finishing his MA inTheology. He is also lecturer at the Aristotle University ofThessalonica, at the Technological Educational Institute ofIonian Islands and external advisor on monasteries andchurches.

Ch. Karydis, 33 Saint George, Korydallos, 18120. AthensGreece. c.karydis@gmail.com

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A selection of textiles before treatment and storage upgrade.

Textiles in their new storage cabinet after treatment.

Textiles on display in the Simonos Petra Monastery treasury. The textiles unfolded on the workroom.

Photos and documentation numbers have been stitched onto theTyvek.

Orthodox liturgical garments – epitrachelia – dating from the 16thcentury stored draped over pre-covered cylinders.

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News in Conservation No. 23, April 2011

IIC News2011 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGe sixty-first Annual General Meeting ofe International Institute for Conservationof Historic and Artistic Works took place at5:30 pm on Wednesday 19th January 2011 atthe Kenneth Clark Lecture eatre, CourtauldInstitute of Art, Strand, London WC2

Present:Jerry Podany, President, in the ChairSharon Cather,Vice-PresidentJo Kirby Atkinson, Secretary-GeneralVelson Horie, TreasurerJoyce Townsend, Director of PublicationsTuulikki Kilpinen, David Saunders,Mikkel Scharff,Valentine Walsh,Cornelia Weyer (members of IIC Council)

Janey Cronyn, Barry Knight, Juanita Navarro,Alison Richmond (Fellows)

Mary Bustin, Stephen Hackney,Clive Raymond, Athanasios Velios,Xuhua Zhan (Individual Members)

Fiona Henderson, Nicole Huter,Mariam Kalkhitashvili, Meghan McCandless,Abdelrazek Elnaggar Mabrouk, Tess Perrin,Amber Quemby, Samuel Whittaker (Studentmembers)

In attendance:Graham Voce, Executive SecretaryValerie Compton Taylor, MembershipSecretaryDavid Compton Taylor, IIC Office VolunteerWilliam Budd (Slaughter and May)Yvonne Lee (Slaughter and May)Stephen Axcell (Jacob Cavenagh & Skeet)Michael Gallico (W. S. Maney & Son Ltd)

Jerry Podany, President in the Chair,extended a welcome to all those present, andespecially to those who had travelled longdistances. He also welcomed to the meetingKevin Brownlow and Paolo Cherci Usai, whowould explore the challenges of preservingmotion picture heritage after this meeting.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, havingbeen published in News in Conservationnumber 17 of April 2010 and circulated tomembers, as well as being posted on the IICweb-site, were taken as read and signed bythe Chairman.

The Notice calling the present Meeting,having been published in News inConservation number 21 of December 2010,was taken as read.

The Chairman noted that voting on theResolutions by members present at theAnnual General Meeting who had not votedby post or appointed a proxy would be byshow of hands. David Compton Taylor andValerie Compton-Taylor agreed to act astellers for this. The Chairman explained thatIIC’s Articles of Association stated that oneposition of Vice-President be held ‘open’ ifpossible, and, thus on the retirement ofEleanor McMillan from her position as Vice-President at this Annual General Meetingthere was to be no election to the vacantposition, there being three Vice-Presidentscurrently in office.

Resolution 1: To receive and consider theReports of the Council and the Auditors andthe Financial Statements for the year ended 30June 2010

The Reports and Financial Statements,having been sent to members with News inConservation number 21 of December 2010,were taken as read, and the Chairmaninvited the Secretary-General, the Treasurerand the Director of Publications to maketheir comments (see below).

Jerry Podany, President, reported that theDialogues for the New Millennium weregrowing strongly and were now a significantpart of IIC’s activities, and were reinforcedby the work of those involved in ProjectLingua; the volunteers in this latter projecthad now made available translations of theDialogues transcripts in eight languagesother than English, and that five additionallanguages were soon to be added,significantly broadening the accessibility ofIIC’s work. Jerry Podany added that IIC’sCouncil had agreed to the creation of a newIIC award, the Advocate Award, which wouldbe given in recognition of those whochampioned heritage conservation but werenot working directly in the field. Anannouncement of the first award would bemade very shortly.

Jo Kirby Atkinson thanked EleanorMcMillan, who was retiring from herposition of Vice-President at this meeting,for her valuable contribution to IIC’sCouncil and looked forward to hercontinuing interest in IIC and its activities.Jo Kirby Atkinson also thanked IIC’svolunteer Web Editors, Eike Friedrich andAthanasios Velios, for their continuedessential work. Also thanks were noted toAmber Kerr Allison for her work as Editor ofIIC’s social networking facilities and toDavid Compton Taylor for his volunteerwork at the IIC office.

Joyce Townsend introduced to the meetingMichael Gallico, Managing Director of W. S.Maney & Son Ltd (‘Maney’), who would bepublishing IIC’s journal Studies inConservation from January 2012; she invitedMichael Gallico to address the meeting.

Michael Gallico thanked IIC and itsCouncil for placing its trust in Maney topublish on IIC’s behalf. He also thankedJoyce Townsend and Velson Horie for theirdetailed work on the negotiations withManey on IIC’s behalf. He foresaw greatpossibilities for Studies in Conservation.

He told the meeting that W. S. Maney &Son Ltd was founded in 1900, and now hadforty-five staff in the United Kingdom, basedin London and Leeds, as well as havingoffices in the United States of America.Maney currently published over onehundred journals, mostly for leaned bodiessuch as IIC and university departments andfifteen journals for the Institute of Materials,where there was a conservation element totheir work, plus fifteen archæologicaljournals; added to this are a number in thefield of textiles, and thus Maney was veryclosely linked to the remit of IIC and Studiesin Conservation.

There were now plans to develop to thejournal’s electronic publishing potential, withenhanced online access for IIC members andnon-member subscribers; in his experiencefewer than ten per cent of learned journalsdid not have such access these days; he alsonoted that the increase in citation statisticsfor journals with electronic access was veryencouraging. Maney would also be workingwith IIC to implement an electronic editorialand peer-reviewing process with a view toimplementing this in 2012; there would alsobe a new marketing drive for Studies inConservation. The format of the journalwould also be addressed, with a change to anA4 size, which would co-ordinate with thesizing of News in Conservation and the IICCongress Preprints, and there would also bethe application of full colour throughout thejournal.

Maney was pleased to be working with IICand to be taking a long-term view of thedevelopment of Studies in Conservation andwas looking forward to the improvedsituation that Studies in Conservation wouldbe taken to over the next five to six years.

Jerry Podany thanked Michael Gallico for

his contribution and reminded membersthat their contribution to IIC, its publicationsand other activities was essential; as anexample he pointed out that IIC’s Facebookpage now had six thousand ‘friends’: peoplewho were choosing to engage with IIC andits activities. However, this was a free serviceand without members paying to join IIC thatfree service could not take place or continueto benefit conservation as a whole.

Velson Horie noted that the possibilitiesoffered by electronic publishing to IIC wouldallow additional wide engagement with themembership and beyond. This wasparticularly valuable as IIC addressed thefinancial implications of the move from onepublishing contract to another. He asked allmembers to make sure that their e-mailaddresses and other contact details were up-to-date so that electronic communicationcould be properly maintained.

Jerry Podany, President in the Chair, putthe resolution to the vote. The resolutionwas duly adopted.

Resolution 2: To re-appoint Jacob, Cavenagh& Skeet as Auditors to e Institute and toauthorise the Council to fix theirremuneration for the ensuing year

The resolution was duly adopted.

Resolution 3: Special Resolution THAT theArticles of Association of the Institute beamended in order to broaden the provision forelectronic and website communication withMembers and to make certain clarificatoryand consequential changes.

Jerry Podany, President in the Chair,explained that this would change the IIC’sArticles of Association to amend existingprovisions in order to broaden theprocedures for electronic communications tobe sent to the membership and for membersto take part in IIC activities by electronicmethods; changes were also proposed toclarify the Articles generally and removearchaisms. On the basis of the total vote theresolution was duly adopted.

Resolution 4: To transact any ordinarybusiness of e Institute

Jerry Podany, President in the chair askedif there was any ordinary business thatmembers wished to raise.

In reference to the earlier discussion ofIIC’s social networking facilities BarryKnight noted that some may be unable totake part in such activity as some institutionsforbade access to such web-sites; if furtherreliance was made on electroniccommunications it could not be presumedthat there would be an automatic increase inaccessibility to IIC’s activators andpublications. Athanasios Velios in agreeingwith these points hoped that these would betaken into account when IIC’s web-siteredesign took place in the coming months.

There being no further ordinary businessJerry Podany, President in the chair thenthanked William Budd and Yvonne Lee ofIIC’s legal advisors, messrs Slaughter andMay, and Stephen Axcell of messrs JacobCavenagh and Skeet, IIC’s auditors, forattending. The Chairman declared themeeting closed at 6.35 pm.

Officers’ ReportsReports from the Secretary-General, theTreasurer and the Director of Publicationsare available on the IIC website at: http://www.iiconservation.org/about/core_docs.php

Changes to NiCAt the IIC council meeting that followed theAGM in January, it was decided to ceaseprinting News in Conservation, except forspecial occasions such as the IIC congress,and to distribute it in PDF form and as an

emailed newsletter with links, as agreedwithin the Maney contract. is has theadvantage that it can still be produced sixtimes per year and delivered straight to amember's desktop.

Thus, it is becoming even more importantthat we have current email addresses for allmembers. It is equally important thatmembers update their details on the IICwebsite whenever they have a change ofemail address!

We look forward to continuing to providemembers with conservation news fromaround the world.

2012 IIC Congress – Call forPapersA capital of cultural heritage awaits you…

Vienna lies at the heart of Europe on themighty River Danube at the cross-roads ofcenturies of cultural traditions and of tradebetween East and West from Roman timesand earlier. Well known for its grandBaroque buildings and the later Jugendstiland Secession architecture, Vienna displaysa wide and rich range of architectural stylesand applied artistry, of paintings, drawings,metalwork, photography, sculpture anddecorative artifacts in a variety of workshopsand ateliers, galleries and museums. Thebirthplace of Haydn and Mozart, Schubertand Schönberg and the home of the Strausswaltz, the city is also the heart of a moreintangible heritage of music, dance theatre.Vienna is situated near other importantEuropean cultural centres: Prague, Bratislava,Budapest, Cracow, this proximity reflectingVienna’s importance as a centre of Europe’scultural network. The beautiful DanubeValley, with its vineyards and castles, is aUNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Decorative: Conservation and theApplied Artse twenty-fourth IIC Congress will be heldin conjunction with the Universität fürangewandte Kunst (the University of AppliedArts) from 10th to 14th September 2012 andwill focus on a topic that is uniquely well-suited to Vienna’s wealth and scope ofdecorative and applied arts heritage.Ornamentation and the decorative havebeen evident in human endeavour since thebeginning of recorded history, ranging fromthe bold clarity of Ancient Egypt to theclean-lined, discreet styles of the 1930s andthe exuberant revivals of today. Whethercivilisations have grown in Europe, Asia, theAmericas or Australasia, many of their formsof cultural expression can be considered‘decorative’ or ‘applied’ arts. econservation of this heritage, tangible orintangible, is thus the conservation of muchof human endeavour and as such is centralto our cultural life.

The range of work that this IIC congresswill cover is very broad: architecturaldecoration and styling; ceramics frompottery to porcelain; glassware, includingpainted and stained glass and studio glass;furniture; hardstone carving, including pietradura work and engraved gems; metalwork inall its forms; jewellery; ivory and bonecarving; textiles including tapestries,embroideries and costume; mosaics; painteddecoration; wallpapers and wall coverings;work in terracotta; plaster work;bookbinding and leatherwork. This is by nomeans an exclusive list.

Call for PapersWe now invite the submission of proposalsfor a paper at this event. A requirement ofsubmission is that one of the authors of eachselected paper must attend the congress topresent that paper to the audience. Paperspresented at an IIC Congress and publishedin the preprints undergo a rigorous peer

7

News in Conservation No. 23, April 2011

review process. To this end, IIC Councilappoints a Technical Committee ofinternational experts who will makeselections from the proposals received andwill then invite dra papers. e dras willbe reviewed and the content of theprogramme will be determined by theTechnical Committee. Final contributionswill be edited for publication by the IICEditorial Committee.

Please remember that submissions shouldnot have been presented and/or publishedelsewhere before the date of the Congress.

IIC encourages you to submit yourproposal for a paper early via the web; go towww.iiconservation.org/conferences/vienna2012/send_abstract.php

Further details may be found at the homepage of the IIC web site –www.iiconservation.org – just follow the linkto Congress.

A call for posters will be made later in 2011.

Deadline for receipt of summaries:30 April 2011.You will receive a response from theTechnical Committee by the end of June.Dra manuscripts will be required by 30September 2011 and the TechnicalCommittee will make their selection by theend of November. Final manuscripts will bedue on 15th January 2012.

We look forward to seeing you in Vienna!

Under Lock and Key?Collection readiness and response in timesof conflict

Recent events around the world have onceagain focused attention on the vulnerabilityof heritage sites and collections during timesof conflict and unrest. IIC has asked fiveinternational colleagues to comment on theneed to both plan and implement measureswhich assure the safety of cultural heritage.Their dialogue, conducted between the 10thof February and the 15th of March 2011,provides significant insight into the dynamicnature of the topic and reminds us that thedirect and indirect ramifications of conflictcan linger of many months, even years, afterthe outward aspects have been quelled andresolved. This dialogue raises importantquestions about how we respond and howwe cope with difficult times and difficultdecisions. And it serves as a call to allheritage professionals, policy makers andorganizations to advocate for the protectionof collections, monuments, buildings andsites during times of conflict.

For the transcript of this Dialogue go to:http://www.iiconservation.org/dialogues/

The Gabo Trust – IIC TravellingScholarshipse Gabo Trust and the IIC are pleased toannounce the 2011 call for applications for

the Gabo Trust-IIC Travelling Scholarships.Applications are invited from IndividualMembers and Fellows of IIC who areconservators practising in either the publicor private sector.

What is the Travelling Scholarship?The Travelling Scholarship is a bursary to

allow individuals who are current paid-upmembers of IIC to take a study-focused touranywhere in the world. The aim of the toursis to carry out research into the conservationof sculpture and to meet and see the work ofother conservators; thereby learning abouttheir differing approaches, ethics, materialsand methods. The Travelling Scholars arerequired to make a written report on theirtour, with photographs, in order to be usefulto conservators and others who are followingthis path, to benefit their own career and alsoto enrich the worldwide body of knowledgeof the conservation of sculpture.

The winners’ written reports andphotographic records should be producedwith a view to their appearing on the IICwebsite as well as being available for use bythe Gabo Trust and being held in the Tate,Gabo Trust and IIC archives.Winners willhave twelve months to complete the tourfrom when the Scholarship is awarded and afurther month to lodge their report.

The award will normally be paid as asingle lump sum up to a maximum of £5,000Sterling or the equivalent in US Dollars orEuros at the time of application. There is amaximum of two awards to be made in anyyear of the award.

These Scholarships are directly concernedwith the conservation of sculpture in all itsaspects and are not restricted to anyparticular period or culture, but some benefitto modern and contemporary (post 1880)sculpture must be apparent in theapplication.

The Gabo Truste Gabo Trust was founded in 1988 by thefamily of the sculptor Naum Gabo. Aware ofthe problems with new materials in modernand contemporary sculpture, they set up theGabo Trust to increase conservationresources in institutional collections and tofurther the education of conservators.

The Gabo Trust is a UK-based charity, butthis is an internationally available award.

How do I apply?e application form is available from theIIC web-site; the specific page is:www.iiconservation.org/about/awards.php

Your application must include an estimateof the amount of money required (in PoundsSterling, US Dollars or Euros) and aproposed researched itinerary of countries,venues and sites to be visited withprovisionally confirmed names and dates forvisits.

With your application a signed letter ofsupport will be required from a Referee, whomust be a person of standing, training,experience and background in conservation;this may be a senior colleague, tutor oranother individual familiar with your workand experience; this person need not be amember of IIC, but should neverthelessclearly state their professional credentials.

Your completed application packageshould be sent by post or fax or (as anattachment) by email to:

Gabo Trust/IIC Travelling ScholarshipsIIC6 Buckingham StreetLondon WC2N 6BAUKiic@iiconservation.org.ukFax: +44 (0)20 7976 1564

How will winners be notified?Successful applicants will be notified by post,fax or e-mail within one month of the receiptof their application.

What happens then?Within a month of being notified of theirbeing awarded a Travelling Scholarship,individuals must confirm to the IIC officethe dates and itinerary of their intendedtour. is can be booked through an agencywho can offer a comprehensive travel andaccommodation itinerary, such asTrailfinders (www.trailfinders.com ) forthose resident in the United Kingdom, theIrish Republic or Australia. TravellingScholars are responsible for obtaining allnecessary travel documentation such aspassports and visas, for all transportarrangements, and for any travel or otherinsurance they may choose to purchase.

The award monies will be paid to theTravelling Scholar when they have booked

and paid for their travel –verified papercopies of the invoice(s) and traveldocuments will be required by IIC beforepayment is sent.

IIC Membership fees –membership year 2011–2012e levels of IIC Membership fees for eachmembership year are determined by therunning costs of IIC and it is the case that forthe 2011 – 2012 membership year fees haveto be increased to meet the costs ofproviding an extensive range of benefits tomembers.

The figures for the membership year 2011– 2012 have been agreed by IIC Council asfollows:

Institutional £205Individual £55Fellow £80Student £20

Sale of IIC PublicationsNow is your chance to catch up with IIC publications at a significant

discount!

IIC Congress PreprintsCopies of the following Congress preprints are available at £8 per volume(delivery to UK) or £12 (delivery to EU,US, rest of world).• Conservation of Far Eastern Art (Kyoto 1988)• Conservation of the Iberian and Latin American Cultural Heritage (Madrid

1992)• Preventive Conservation (Ottawa 1994)• Archaeological Conservation (Copenhagen 1996)• Painting Techniques (Dublin 1998)• Tradition and Innovation (Melbourne 2000)• Works of art on paper (Baltimore 2002)• Modern Art, New Museums (Bilbao 2004)

Copies of the following Congress preprints are also available at £20 pervolume (UK) or £25 (EU,US, rest of world):• e Object in Context: Crossing Conservation Boundaries (Munich 2006)• Conservation and Access (London 2008)

Copies of the following Congress preprints are also available at full price: £35(UK) or £50 (EU, US, rest of world)• Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean (Istanbul 2010)

All prices include surface postage; for airmail costs on your order please markyour Order Form accordingly.

Studies in ConservationBack issues of Studies in Conservation are available at £4 per issue (UK) or £7per issue (EU,US, rest of world); remember that there are four issues pervolume. Prices include surface postage; for airmail costs on your order pleasemark your Order Form accordingly.

Reviews in ConservationCopies of Reviews in Conservation, from number 1 (2000) to number 10(2009), are available as follows: £5 per issue (UK) or £7 (EU, US, rest of world).A full set of issues 1 to 10 inclusive is available for £40, or £50 (EU, US, rest ofworld). Prices include surface postage; for airmail costs on your order pleasemark your Order Form accordingly.

All prices are quoted in and will be charged in Sterling. is offer is onlyavailable through the IIC web-site and this offer is subject to availability.

To order, please go to the IIC web-site – www.iiconservation.org and use the‘Buying IIC Publications’ pagewww.iiconservation.org/publications/pubs_sale.php

Telephone enquiries: + 44 (0)20 7839 5975

News in Conservation No. 23, April 2011

8

Calls for Papers &Course ApplicationsIIC Congress 2012 - TheDecorative: Conservation andthe Applied Arts10–14 September 2012Vienna, AustriaCall for papers deadline:30 April 2011www.iiconservation.org/conferences/vienna2012/send_abstract.php

Conservation Conference 2011 –Paper from the EastSeptember 2011London, UKCall for papers deadline:20 May 2011chinaculture.connect@gmail

Meetings andConferencesISEND 2011 EUROPEInternational Symposium andExhibition on Natural Dyes24-30 April 2011La Rochelle, Francehttp://www.isend2011.com/http://ciham.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr

TECHNART 201126–29 April 2011Berlin, Germanyhttp://www.technart2011.bam.de/en/home/index.htm

International Conference: WhyDoes the Past Matter?4-7 May 2011Massachusetts, USAhttp://www.umass.edu/chs/news/conference2011.html

The Sticking Point- Adhesivesand Consolidants in PaintingsConservation6 May 2011London, UKicon.paintingsgroup@googlemail.com

The Mackintosh Conservationand Access Project6 May 2011Glasgow, UKwww.gsaevents.com/MCAPseminar

New Approaches to Book andPaper Conservation-Restoration9–11 May 2011Horn, Austria.ercbookpaper@gmail.comwww.european-research-centre.buchstadt.at

GLASSAC II – Glass science inart and conservation10–12 May 2011Wertheim, Germanywww.glassac.eu

Synthesis of Art and Science inConservation: Trends andAchievements10–13 May 2011Vilnius, Lithuaniahttp://www.ldm.lt/conservation2011vilnius/

North European Symposium forArchaeological Textiles 201110–13 May 2011Esslingen, Germanyhttp://www.nesat.org/m1/program.html

Losing your Lustre? IconCeramics and Glass Group14 May 2011London, UKhighfired@fsmail.net

ETHOS, LOGOS, PATHOS:ethical principles and criticalthinking in conservation17–20 May, 2011Pittsburgh, PA, USAhttp://www.conservation-us.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.ViewPage&PageID=1067

4th symposium on PreservingArchaeological Remains in situ -PARIS423–26th May 2011Denmark, Copenhagenwww.natmus.dk/paris4

From Can to Canvas25–26 May 2011Marseille27 May 2011Antibeswww.fromcantocanvas.fr

Historic Libraries in Context6–8 June 2011Derry/Londonderry, UKwww.derryraphoelibrary.org

Preserving the Past, Inspiringthe Future - FurnitureConference7 June 2011High Wycombe, UKsharon.grover@bucks.ac.uk or call

International Meeting onCultural Properties Pests7–10 June 2011Piacenza, Italyhttp://meetings.unicatt.it/cpbc

Modern and ContemporaryMural Paintings: Technique,Conservation and Access10 June 2011.Valencia, Spainpainting@upv.es

SHATIS’11 – InternationalConference on Structural HealthAssessment of Timber Structures16–17 June 2011Lisbon, Portugalhttp://shatis11.lnec.pt/

SFIIC conference: Jardins dePierre22–24 June 2011Paris, Francewww.sfiic.fr

The Inclusive MuseumConference 201130 June–3 July 2011Johannesburg, South Africahttp://onmuseums.com/Conference-2011

XIIth IADA InternationalCongress 201129 August–2 September 2011Bern, Switzerlandhttp://www.iada-online.org/

LACONA IX - Lasers in theConservation of Artworks7–10 September 2011London, UKwww.lacona9.org

Rustbuckets or Floating Heritage– Corrosion of Historic Ships8–11 September 2011Stockholm, Sweden & Mariehamn,Finlandrustbuckets2011@maritima.sewww.maritima.se

ICOM-CC 16th TriennialConference19–23 September 2011Lisbon, Portugalhttp://www.icom-cc2011.org/

Adhesives and Consolidants forConservation: Research andApplications17–21 October 2011Ottawa, Canadajane.down@pch.gc.ca

Chemistry and Preservation ofWaterlogged Wooden Shipwrecks18-21 October, 2011Stockholm, Swedenwww.shipwrecks2011.com,info@shipwrecks2011.com

Salt Weathering on Buildingsand Stone Sculptures Conference19–22 October 2011Limassol, Cyprushttp://www.swbss2011.org/

Managing Archaeological Siteswith Mosaics24–27 October 2011Meknes, Moroccodmichael@spidernet.com.cy,bouzidi3@yahoo.fr

FUTURE TALKS 011.Technology and Conservation ofModern Materials in Design26–28 October 2011Munich, Germanybechthold@die-neue-sammlung.de

Plying the Trades: PullingTogether in the 21st Century8–11 November 2011Oaxaca, Mexicohttp://www.icom-cc.org/52/event/?id=123=77&Itemid=267

Courses, Seminars andWorkshopsRegional Course onConservation of OrganicMaterials in Heritage Sites andCollections26 April–16 May 2011Sharjah, United Arab Emirateshttp://www.iccrom.org/eng/01train_en/announce_en/2011_04AtharUAE_en.shtml

Mounting Museum Objects forExhibition3 May 2011-03-23Brussels, Belgiumwww.academicprojects.co.uk

5th MaSC Workshop andMeeting9–11 May 2011Cambridge, MA, USAmasc2011@mascgroup.org

Conservation for Horologists16–19 May 2011West Dean, UKcpd@westdean.org.uk

Parchment – latest assessmentmethods16–20 May 2011Horn, Austriahttp://www.european-research-centre.buchstadt.at/Courses.162.0.html

Conservation of ModernArchitecture (MARC 2011):Metamorphosis – Understandingand Managing Change28 May–23 June 2011Helsinki, Finlandhttp://www.iccrom.org/eng/01train_en/announce_en/2011_05Marc_en.shtml

Making High Quality ResinReplicas of Museum Objects6–10 June 2011Dianalund, Denmarkwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Identification of Wood20–21 June 2011Copenhagen, Denmarkwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Making Electroform Replicas20–24 June 2011Dianalund, Denmarkwww.academicprojects.co.uk

New Methods of CleaningPainted Surfaces27 June–1 July 2011London, UKwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Identification of Wood28–29 June 2011London, UKwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Picture Frames: Early andModern1 July 2011London, UKwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Giltwood Frame & ObjectRestoration4–8 July 2011Oxford, UKwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Identification of Paper Workshop4–5 July 2011London, UKwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Lichens and Gravestones Maine,USA17–23 July 2011Steuben, Maine, USA.http://www.eaglehill.us/index.shtml

Montefiascone BookConservation School25 July–19 August 2011Montefiascone, Italyhttp://monteproject.co.uk/en/study-programme,

Modern Metals and Alloys:Structure, Coatings,Conservation16–18 August 2011London, UKwww.academicprojects.co.uk

Conservation of HistoricWallpapers5–8 September 2011West Dean, UKcpd@westdean.org.uk

Conservation of Glass Objects12–16 September 2011London, UKwww.academicprojects.co.uk

The History of EuropeanBookbinding 1450 – 183019–23 & 26–30 September 2011Venice, Italywww.icon.org.uk/www.ligatus.org.uk/summerschool

European Workshop andTraining Day on CulturalHeritage Preservation26–28 September 2011Berlin, Germanywww.smoohs.eu/EWCHP

The Anthropology of Cloth andClothing26–29 September 2011West Dean, UKcpd@westdean.org.uk

For more informationabout theseconferences andcourses, see the IICwebsite:www.iiconservation.org