preservation of historic tangible heritage in the

PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC TANGIBLE HERITAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Presented by:

Archt. Ma. Luisa M. Valerio National Historical Commission of the Philippines

START 2012 Science and Technology for Art 2012

Conserving and Recording Tangible, Intangible and Natural Heritage

Preservation of Historic Tangible Heritage

includes buildings and historic places, monuments, artifacts, etc., which are considered worthy of preservation for the future. These include objects significant to the archaeology, architecture, science or technology of a specific culture.

(UNESCO’s Definition)

MAP OF TAAL

National Historical Commission of the Philippines – responsible for significant movable and

immovable cultural property pertains to Philippine History; heroes and restorations of historical artifacts.

National Museum - responsible for significant

movable and immovable cultural and natural property pertaining to collections of Fine Arts, Archeology, Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology and Astronomy including its conservation aspect.

Agencies mandated to implement government's restoration project

Process and considerations on the Preparation and Implementation of the

Conservation Plan

February 24, 2011 Dr. Joselito Catubay (PPC President), Archt. Ma. Rajelyn Busmente (NCCA-HSO), Vicky Carandang (NCCA Finance), Engr. Orly Abinion (NM), Jame (Paoay Tourism)

Oct. 11, 2011 Site inspection to Majayjay Church, Majayjay Laguna

1. SITE INSPECTION – Coordination meeting to the owner

General design - style

2. DOCUMENTATION : Architectural Survey

• Rectified photographs and measured drawings

a

b

c

c

cp

DOCUMENTATION : Architectural Details

ORIGINAL PART

OF STRUCTURE

BUILT BY DON JUSTO

ANGCO IN 1830

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT (GROUND FLOOR) of the Syquia Mansion in Vigan, Ilocos Sur

PART OF THE

STRUCTURE ADDED

BY TOMAS SYQUIA

IN 1910

PART OF THE

STRUCTURE ADDED

BY ELPIDIO QUIRINO

IN 1948

DOCUMENTATION : MEASURED DRAWINGS

ORIGINAL PART

OF STRUCTURE

BUILT BY DON JUSTO

ANGCO IN 1830

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT (SECOND FLOOR) of the Syquia Mansion in Vigan, Ilocos Sur

PART OF THE

STRUCTURE ADDED

BY TOMAS SYQUIA

IN 1910

PART OF THE

STRUCTURE ADDED

BY ELPIDIO QUIRINO

IN 1948

PART OF THE

STRUCTURE ADDED

IN LATE 1970’S

DOCUMENTATION : MEASURED DRAWINGS

State of conservation A state of conservation record is necessary prior to the onset

of actual restoration or intervention.

CONDITION ASSESSMENT:

1. DIRECT EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS AND EXTREME WEATHER

• DISCOLORATION

• DECAY OF THE PAINTED WALLS

• WEAKENING OF PLASTER AND MORTAR OF BRICK WALLS

• RUSTING OF THE ROOF COVERING

• Etc.

CAUSES OF DETERIORATION


2. STRUCTURAL DEFECTS

• FOUNDATION PROBLEMS

• WEAKENED STRUCTURAL COLUMNS

• CRACKED AND WEAKENED SHEAR WALLS

• SAGGING AND WEAKENING OF GIRTS AND FLOORS



3. NATURAL CALAMITIES

• EARTHQUAKE IN THE PAST CAUSED CRACKS IN THE BRICK WALLS

• TYPHOONS SERIOUSLY WEATHERED THE HOUSE STRUCTURE



4. MAN-MADE CAUSES

• THE ABSENCE OF THE OWNERS

• LEAVING THE HOUSE IN THE HANDS OF CARETAKERS



5. TERMITE AND DRY ROT INFESTATION

• TERMITE AND DRY ROT INFESTATION IN ANY PLACES



Botanical growths

Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery Historical Landmark, Nagcarlan, Laguna

Damaged stone details


Rusted grills



CONDITION ASSESSMENT: Cause of damage

Syquia Mansion Vigan, Ilocos Sur Before Restoration

Graphical record

• Mapping of geomorphology and chronology of construction


Façade of Paoay Church Paoay, Ilocos Norte

The graphical record will provide a clear

appreciation of the existing physical condition of the

historic structure. This may include appearance,

measurements, materials, defects and damages,

previous interventions, and other existing physical

attributes.

CONDITION ASSESSMENT

Graphical record

Façade of Dingras Church Dinras, Ilocos Norte

CONDITION REPORT ON THE CHURCH FAÇADE WALL PREPARED BY A. LAZARO AND ASSOCIATES

SHOWING THE CONDITION OF THE FAÇADE AND CHOIR LOFT

VER

TIC

AL

CR

AC

KS

VERTICAL CRACKS = FOUNDATION STRESSES

CONDITION ASSESSMENT Restoration of Masinloc Church Masinloc, Zambales

Figure 1 Through the years of the church’s existence, the slender trusses, with the roof had deformed pushing the walls outward. Ground movements and earthquake occurrences aggravated the stability of the walls. Cracks appeared. The last earthquake caused the tilting of the walls outward and structural cracks are evident. The illustration shows an exaggerated result to give a clear picture of how the trusses and walls behaved after the disastrous events.

Figure 2 Angel Lazaro and Associates, had specified the restructuring of the roof frames to correct the construction faults of the original roof framing system. The horizontal channel struts have been installed after the tornique process. The result is a stabilized roof frame system. However, the walls are still in bad condition. The DES and conservation plan did not include the method/technique for the consolidation of the walls.

x x

STRUCTURAL RETROFITTING/CONSOLIDATION


Figure 3 The church restoration committee expressed its desire to fund the wall consolidation, and had requested the NHI (implementing agency) to prepare a scheme for the wall consolidation that would be compatible with the DES prepared by the Angel Lazaro & Associates (ALA). From the experiences of the NHI, particularly the technique done for the Malate church in Manila, the NHI’s HPD is recommending the “Clamping” technique plus the pressure injection special grout solution for the wall consolidation. This restoration technique shall correct the deficiencies of the walls.

Figure 4 The over-all consolidation scheme:

Tornique process and Horizontal strut system (Part of the DES)

Clamping system and High-pressure grouting (NHI recommendation)

Jumbo special piles (as recommended by NHI and ALA and part of the

DES)

Pressured grouting

2

1

3 Special piles

GROUND IMPROVEMENT

TORNIQUET PROCESS


1 3

2 4

Retrofitting methodology


MATERIAL TESTING/ MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION using rebound hammer to test the compressive strenght of the materials and Element analyzer Genius R-Ray Flourescence (XRF) was used as a form of non destructive testing to determine the elemental composition of plaster , mortar , coral blocks and San Esteban stone EXRF

Engr. Larry Cruz (Chief, Material Conservation Division) and Archt. Ma. Luisa Valerio (Restoration Architect, Historic Preservation Division) , woks on testing the compressive strenght of the materials using rebound while Mr. Marc de Mesa of Philippine Laboratory works on tesing elemental composition of materials using EXRF


MATERIAL TESTING


GATHERING OF SAMPLE MATERIAL

• Budget

PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN

• Availability of materials

Considerations in the preparation of conservation plans

• How do you want to present the structure

• Budget


• Locally funded

• Grant from NCCA

• Congressional initiative

WOOD RESTORATION TECHNIQUE: RETROFITTING

• Availability of materials PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN

Joint A

Joint A

Joint B Joint C

Joint B

Joint C

REHABILITATION OF ROOF GIRTS

• Availability of materials PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN

COMBINING OLD AND NEW TECHNIQUES


Consolidation of facade wall Replacement of missing masonry blocks and stone cornice

NHCP policy to refrain from extracting coral materials except if loose coral could be available from the vicinity and nearby towns. The conservation of our endangered natural resources is of paramount importance.

The use of San Esteban stone is found to be good substitute material to coral with reference to its physical qualities.

40% usable

=

1. Coral blocks are quarried and loaded into boats, then brought to the site

2. Blocks are stockpiled and cleaned

3. Blocks are cut and processed, then brought to the construction site

4. Only about 40% of the blocks can be cut to shape and can be used for church wall facing

PROCEDURE ON THE PRODUCTION OF CORAL BOCKS


(Archt. Reynaldo Inovero’s Presentation)

PREPARATION OF PROJECT DOCUMENTS

1. SCOPE OF WORK

2. SPECIFICATIONS AND METHODOLY OF CONSERVATION

3. ESTIMATE AND BILL OF MATERIALS

4. PROJECT SHEDULE

Restoration of San Andres Church In Masinloc Zambalez

CASE STUDY

CONDITION REPORT ON THE CHURCH FAÇADE WALL PREPARED BY A. LAZARO AND ASSOCIATES

SHOWING THE CONDITION OF THE FAÇADE AND CHOIR LOFT

VER

TIC

AL

CR

AC

KS

VERTICAL CRACKS = FOUNDATION STRESSES

SHOWING THE CONDITION AND DIRECTION OF CRACKS ON SIDE WALLS (HORIZONTAL CRACKS)

HORIZONTAL CRACKS = ROOF STRUCTURE STRESSES

MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ

PROVIDE MORTAR CAPPING ON PEDIMENT; PROVIDE SLIGHTLY GABLED VIGAN TILE LAYER ON CAPPING; SEAL ALL LEDGES WITH APPROVED MORTAR MIX; LIMEWASH ENTIRE FAÇADE BY MIST-SPRAYING (30 TIMES)


DURING RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH FAÇADE: DOCUMENTATION AND DISMANTLING OF THE CORAL BLOCKS


• During the dismantling of the coral blocks, actual dismantling was very difficult. It was observed that the mortar was still well bonded with the coral facings. It is also observed that if coral blocks on the façade should be dismantled, the odds of returning these blocks in their original order and alignment would be quite big. There is great risk of altering the façade’s artistic composition and authenticity.

DRILL THROUGH MORTAR TO LOOSEN BONDING FOR EASY DISMANTLING OF CORAL BLOCKS

RUBBLE CORE

CORAL FACING

ILLUSTRATION TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL METHODOLOGY/SPECIFICATIONS INDICATING THAT THE BONDING OF THE CORAL BLOCKS WITH THE RUBBLE CORE IS STILL TIGHT AS OF THE TIME OF THE ENGINEERING STUDIES


EPOXY-Lvie Flexible

Low Viscosity Injectible Flexible Epoxy

PHOTOGRAPHS OF SAMPLE MATERIALS


STUDIES ON FLEXIBLE TYPE OF EPOXY WAS UNDERTAKEN BY THE NHI-HPD BEFORE THE CONSOLIDATION WORK. THE RIGID TYPE EPOXY WAS RULED OUT, SINCE IT WILL NOT BE COMPATIBLE WITH OLD STRUCTURES LIKE THE SAN ANDRES CHURCH

GRANDGROUT 1000 Non-Shrink Cementitious Grout


SONOBOND 401(FE) Flexible Injection Epoxy

THESE PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN APPLIED IN THE FACDE WALL CONSOLIDATION, HOWEVER, THE CALIBRATION OF THE APPLICATION MIXTURES WAS DONE IN ORDER TO THAT THESE GROUTING APPLICATIONS WILL ADAPT TO THE PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF THE EXISTING STRUCTURE OF THE FACADE


• The church foundation having been consolidated (by high-pressure injected concrete), the foundation is now in a stable condition. Therefore, if the cracks are grouted, loose blocks are repointed, and the pediment capped, the façade wall consolidation shall have been consolidated even without applying the “dismantling and reinstalling” of the blocks.

THE FAÇADE HAS BEEN CONSOLIDATED, I.E. THE CRACK REPAIR AND FAÇADE INJECTION OF FLEXIBLE EPOXY (CALIBRATED).


20

04

2

00

5

20

06

20

00

BEF

OR

E R

ESTO

RA

TIO

N

20

07

AFT

ER R

ESTO

RA

TIO

N


Vertical lines

Line representing the inclination of the Bell tower

The leaning bell tower of Sta. Maria Church Buttress that served

as retainer of the leaning bellower

Showing the cracks on the base of the bell tower

Showing the condition of the Sta. Maria Church Bell Tower

GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH BELL TOWER, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur

ILLUSTRATION OF THE AFTERMATH OF THE COLLAPSE OF RETAINING WALL AND LEANING BELL TOWER


Layout Plan of Jet Grouted Piles prepared by Engr. Angel Lazaro

Layout Plan of Jet Grouted Piles prepared / implemented by Peter Ground Improvement,

Inc


Section of Jet Grouted Piles prepared by

Engr. Angel Lazaro

Section Layout Plan of Jet Grouted Piles prepared /

implemented by Peter Ground Improvement, Inc

GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur

GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur

RESCUE RESTORATION AND SITE DEVELOPMENT WORKS AT THE OLD WATCH TOWER, Bgy. Sabang, Baler

Cleared and cleaned the site • Provided temporary structures • Removed Balete trees and roots, and other biological growths • Undertook mechanical and chemical cleaning of walls • Undertook repair/replacement works, including filling-in, patching, repointing and limewashing of walls • Improved adjacent areas around the structure • Cleared and cleaned the site

Watch Tower Baler, Quezon

REMOVAL OF BALETE ROOTS


SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THE REMOVAL OF DESTRUCTIVE BIOLOGICAL GROWTHS


October 5, 2011 January 5, 2012

January 28, 2011 January 30, 2012

RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna

Right side entrance

During restoration

Before restoration

After restoration


Showing the condition of finials before restoration

RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH, Majayjay, Laguna

RESTORATION OF FINIALS


CHURCH EXISTING CONDITION THE FACADE

Fig. 14: The church before the restoration, May 19, 2009.

Biological growth like moss and lichen grow in the church walls.

Broken capital of a column beside the church’s main entrance.

Different kinds of plants also grows on church moldings .


THE BELLTOWER

Fig. 15: The bell tower before the restoration. Photo taken May 19, 2009.

Moss, lichens and plant growths invites moisture, which then deteriorates & damage the church walls.


THE CHURCH’S BUTTRESSES

Fig. 16: The sloping buttresses before the restoration. Photo taken May 19, 2009.

Moss, lichens and plants also grows on church’s enormous buttresses which supports its walls. If not treated, this support will soon become weak & can be a treat to the public and to the church itself.


Fig. 17: The sloping buttresses supporting the rear part of the church before the restoration. Photo taken May 19, 2009.


THE CHURCH’S SIDE ENTRANCE

Fig. 18: SIDE PORTAL. An interesting feature in the church’s right side wall is it’s highly developed side portal which is arched and equipped with a receding doorway, with niches & moulded bands. Photo taken May 19, 2009.

Side entrance showing the doorway, statues & ceiling. Moss & lichens are also starting to grow on the ceiling.


THE COMPLETE PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

RELOCATION OF THE MABINI HOUSE: Methodologies and Values

(Terminal Report Prepared by Archt Reynaldo Lita)

Every part of the house were marked with number codes to facilitate the systematic reconstruction process.

DISMANTLING OF MUSEUM ITEMS

Dismantled materials were documented to reveal interconnection details and methodology.

THE DISMANTLING LOGBOOK

NOVEMBER 26, 2007

DECEMBER 12, 2007

JANUARY 8, 2008

JANUARY 11, 2008

JANUARY 22, 2008

FEBRUARY 6, 2008

FEBRUARY 19, 2008

MARCH 13, 2008

MARCH 25, 2008

• Skilled manpower

NEW TIMBER SUPPORTS

PROVISION OF NEW WOOD GIRTS

“Our historic structures are invaluable heritage, And a great responsibility to protect it rest upon us.” (unknown)

Thank you……..

preservation of historic tangible heritage in the

Documents