presented to: california energy commission efficiency committee workshop load management standards...
TRANSCRIPT
Presented to:California Energy CommissionEfficiency Committee WorkshopLoad Management Standards Scoping
Presented by:Mike HeinrichEPRI Member Technical Advisory ServicesElectric Power Research [email protected]
March 3, 2008
Executive Summary: Electric Energy Storage
2© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
Let’s Don’t Allow the Recent Texas Grid Stage II Emergency Caused By Wind Generators to Happen in California Time (Hr)
Load (MW)
Reuters New FlashLoss of Wind Causes Texas Power Grid Emergency
Wed Feb 27, 2008 8:11pm EST
HOUSTON (Reuters) - A drop in wind generation late on Tuesday, coupled with colder weather, triggered an electric emergency that caused the Texas grid operator to cut service to some large customers, the grid agency said on Wednesday.
Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) said a decline in wind energy production in west Texas occurred at the same time evening electric demand was building as colder temperatures moved into the state.
The grid operator went directly to the second stage of an emergency plan at 6:41 PM CST (0041 GMT), ERCOT said in a statement.
System operators curtailed power . . . .
Reuters New FlashLoss of Wind Causes Texas Power Grid Emergency
Wed Feb 27, 2008 8:11pm EST
HOUSTON (Reuters) - A drop in wind generation late on Tuesday, coupled with colder weather, triggered an electric emergency that caused the Texas grid operator to cut service to some large customers, the grid agency said on Wednesday.
Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) said a decline in wind energy production in west Texas occurred at the same time evening electric demand was building as colder temperatures moved into the state.
The grid operator went directly to the second stage of an emergency plan at 6:41 PM CST (0041 GMT), ERCOT said in a statement.
System operators curtailed power . . . .
3© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
Time (Hr)
Daily Electric Load In CaliforniaM
ega
Wat
ts (
MW
)
24181260
Efficiently Use of Renewable Resources:Energy Storage = Dispatchable Load Management
4© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
Types of Electric Energy Storage Technologies
• Pumped Hydro
• Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
• Flywheels
• Batteries
• Super-Capacitors (SuperCaps)
• Superconducting Magnetics
• Thermal Storage
• Fuel Cells (reversible)
• Hydrogen Storage
…..but, not all energy storage is created equally
5© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
Frequency Regulation:Frequency Regulation:
Ramping:Ramping:
Load LevelingLoad Leveling
Time (Hr)
Load (MW)
0 24
• CAES
• Pumped Hydro
• Battery, Flow type
• Note: In California ramping is a big issue
• Battery, Regular or Flow Type
• SuperCap
• Flywheel
• SMES
• CAES
• Pumped Hydro
Str. Chrg Time ~ Hrs
Str. Chrg Time ~ Min’s
Str. Chrg Time: ~ 0.5 Day
Energy Storage Efficiently Resolves Renewable Resource Fluctuation, Ramping and Load Management Issues
6© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
Electric Energy Storage Applications(All Boundaries Of Regions Displayed Are Approximate)
1.01.0
0.10.1
1010
100100
0.1 Cycle0.1 Cycle 10 Cycle10 Cycle 5 Hour5 Hour
Power QualityPower Quality
TemporaryTemporaryPower Power InterruptionsInterruptions
15 Minutes15 Minutes
10001000
SystemSystemstabilitystability
VAR VAR SupportSupport
Peak ShavingPeak ShavingT&D DeferralT&D Deferral
Load LevelingLoad LevelingRampingRampingEnergy ArbitrageEnergy Arbitrage
1 Hour1 Hour15 Second15 Second
Spinning Spinning ReserveReserve
RenewablesRenewables - Wind- Wind - Solar- Solar
Remote Island Applications
Village Power Applications
PeakPeakShavingShavingand T&D and T&D Deferral Transmission Deferral Transmission Conjunction ManagementConjunction Management
BlackStart needs1 to 10 MW’sFor a 1 to 2 Hr. Duration
FrequencyFrequencyRegulationRegulation
HighPriorityFor Grid Response
HighPriority for Load Manage-ment
7© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
Solution: Deploy Energy Storage “Shock Absorber” Plant, Sized and Controlled To Resolve Wind Resource Power Fluctuation, Ramping and Load Management Issues
Problem:Wind Plants Produce Off-Peak and Output Power Fluctuations That Limit Their Value
Controller Storage
Wind Generator
+
+
+
-
Set Point
Time (Hr)
Load (MW)
Dispatchable Wind Power to Grid
10© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
Electric Energy Storage: Value Proposition
Types ofTypes ofBenefitsBenefits
Physical SystemPhysical SystemGeneration T&DGeneration T&D
StrategicStrategic• Improve EfficiencyImprove Efficiency• Enhance Enhance Renewables Renewables • Mitigate Mitigate UncertaintyUncertainty• COCO22 Reduction Reduction
OperationalOperational• EfficiencyEfficiency• DynamicDynamic• Load LevelingLoad Leveling
CorporateCorporatePerspectivePerspective
CustomerCustomerPerspectivePerspective
TimeTime
STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
RisksRisksAndAnd
OpportunitiesOpportunities
Time (Hr)
Load (MW)
11© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Schainker
One of Edison’s Most Famous Quotes:“In Periods of Profound Change, The Most Dangerous Thing Is to Incrementalize Yourself Into The Future.” Bottom Line: Think “Out of the Box”……we need a Revolution not Evolution!
One of Edison’s Most Famous Quotes:“In Periods of Profound Change, The Most Dangerous Thing Is to Incrementalize Yourself Into The Future.” Bottom Line: Think “Out of the Box”……we need a Revolution not Evolution!
Edison
Tesla
Westinghouse
Steinmetz