presented by :submitted to : presented by : submitted to : b.v.maninder. reddy mr.a.m.j.newton...
TRANSCRIPT
Presented By :Presented By : Submitted To :Submitted To : B.V.MANINDER. REDDYB.V.MANINDER. REDDY Mr.A.M.J.NEWTON Mr.A.M.J.NEWTON M.Pharmacy Associate Associate
professorprofessor Dept of Pharmaceutics
NIRMALA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
CONTENTSIntroductionDifferent types of tablet compression machinesPunches and diesDifferent shapes of tabletsCompaction profileEffect of compaction on hardnessEffect of compaction on friabilityEffect of compaction on laminationReferences
INTRODUCTION
What is a TABLET ?A tablet is a pharmaceutical unit dosage form. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF TABLETTING MACHINES
Single punch pressRotatory tablet pressComputerised tablet press
Single punch pressSingle punch pressIt posses a die and a pair of punches.The amount of powder fill in to the die is
controlled by the position of the lower punch.After ejection of tablet it is displaced by the
shoe of the hopper.as it moves back to the die for next tablet.
OUTPUT:200 TABS per minuteUsed in production of small batches.
ROTATORY PRESSROTATORY PRESSDeveloped to increase the out put.It operates with a number of dies & sets of
punches which can vary considerably.Both the dies & punches rotate during the
operation.The vertical movement of the punches is
controlled by tracks that pass over cams and rolls used to control the volume of powder fed in to the die and the pressure applied during compression.
Computerised Computerised hydraulic presshydraulic pressIn these the movement of the punches can be
controlled and varied considerably.Thus the tablet can be prepared under
controlled conditions with respect to loading pattern and loading rate.
Applications: to predict the sensitivity of the drug to such variations, to mimic the loading pattern of production presses to predict scale up problems.
Because of the later application this is also called as compaction simulator
International International StandardsStandards
Type of Tools Punch Body (mm) Diameter (mm)
D tools 25.35 38.10
B tools 19 30.16
BB tools 19 24
BB toolB toolD tool
PUNCHES AND DIESPUNCHES AND DIESGeneral Terminology of ToolingDifferent shapes of dies and punchesInternational StandardsMaterials For ConstructionCoating of Dies and PunchesQuality ControlMaintenance of Dies and PunchesNew Developments
GENERAL GENERAL TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGY OF OF TOOLINGTOOLING
Upper punchLower punchDieKeying
Different shapes of Different shapes of tabletstablets
Different Shapes of Different Shapes of punches and punches and DiesDies
Round shape punch die setOval shape punch die setCapsule shape punch die setGeometric shape punch die set Irregular shape punch die setCore rod tooling punch die set
Used by pharmaceutical and veterinary industry.
Can manufacture following type of tablets:
Shallow Concave Ball Shape
Deep Concave Flat Faced Concave with Edges Flat
with Bevel EdgesNormal Concave.
Round shape Punch Round shape Punch Die SetDie Set
Oval Shape Punch Oval Shape Punch Die SetDie SetApplicable to
pharmaceutical and ayurvedic industries.
Can manufacture following types of tablets: Flat Faced Flat with bevel
edges Concave/Deep/Deep
Concave with bevel edges.
Capsule shape Capsule shape punch die setpunch die setApplicable to
pharmaceutical and ayurvedic industries.
Can manufacture
following types of tablets: Concave with Edges Deep Concave Flat
Faced Normal concave Flat
with Bevel Edges.
Geometric Shape Geometric Shape Punch Die SetPunch Die Set
Applicable to pharmaceutical, confectionery, chemical, industrial powder metallurgy industries.
Can manufacture following types of tablet:Triangular Benzene Rhombus Rectangular Square.
Irregular Shape Punch Irregular Shape Punch Die SetDie SetAre applicable to
confectionery industries.
Available with different size, concavity, and flat in plain or engraved break line.
Core Rod Tooling Core Rod Tooling Punch Die SetPunch Die Set
Applicable in confectionery and ceramic industries.
Can manufacture following types of tablets: Tablet with hole in
center & concave rib Tablet with hole in
center & flat rib.
Materials For Materials For ConstructionConstructionDies- HCHC (High carbon High chromium steel )Punches- OHNS (Oil Hardened Nitride steel)Different types of steel standards:
For dies:- AISI-01 For punches:- AISI-S7, AISI-S1, D2(HCHC-D2), SUS 440C.
Coating of Dies and Coating of Dies and PunchesPunches
Why coating is required?
Sticky material
Corrosive material
Abrasive material
Different Types of Different Types of CoatingsCoatingsTitanium Nitride CoatingElectroless Nickel Plating (ENI)Chromium Nitride Coating (CrN)Chromium Carbon Nitride (CrCN) CoatingDiamond Coating of Diamond like Carbon (DLC)Cr-CrN-Cr Multilayer Coating (Nano Coating)
PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) Coating Technology
Quality ControlQuality ControlVisual InspectionDimensional
Inspection
Punches:Overall lengthWorking length Cup depthTips – round and capsuleTip and Barrel
concentricityHead, Head flat and NeckBarrel
Dies:Height and outside
diameterDie bore diameter
using expandable, small bore gauges
Die bore major and minor axis using Vernier caliper and expandable, small bore gauges
Die Bore concentricitySquareness
Maintenance of Dies Maintenance of Dies and Punchesand PunchesWhy is it required?
To improve the lifespan of toolings.
How are they Maintained?Fitting instructions usually as per the manual given.Warm soap water and a soft brush are suitable for
thorough cleaning Not to be touched by bare fingers Thoroughly coated with an acid-free oil in order to
prevent corrosion.
Contd..Toolings should be regularly checked.Polishing –
By hand “Drag Finishing” machine
Storage cabinets for tooling – Clashing Dusting Humidity
New DevelopmentsNew DevelopmentsMulti-tip punchesDevelopment in manufacturing different shapes of tablets
Polo Teddy Beer, Lion, etc.
Tablets which can be broken into 4 equal halves
Multi-tip PunchesMulti-tip Punches
COMPACTION PROFILECOMPACTION PROFILE
EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON HARDNESS OF HARDNESS OF TABLETTABLETIt has the same causes as weight variations.Hardness depends on weight of the material
and the space between the upper and lower punch at the moment of compression.
If the distance between the punches varies hardness is like in consistent.
Effect Of Effect Of Compaction On Compaction On Friability Friability Of Of TabletTablet
When the punches are in poor condition or worn at their surface edges this problem arises.
Less compression pressure also leads to increased friability.
Effect of compaction Effect of compaction on on lamination lamination Rapid relaxation of the peripheral region of a
tablet,on ejection from a die.This can be prevented by using tappered diesRapid decompression also causes lamination.This can be prevented by doing pre
compression step. And decreasing the final compression pressure.
References:References:www.google.comParle-Elizabeth Tools Pvt Ltd.Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology,
second and third volumeshttp//www.thomaseng.compresstooling.pdfwww.vmindustries.comPharmaceutics by AultonPharmaceutical technology by Libermann and
laitman.