presented by robert a. hill; chs-iii american casino & entertainment properties, llc...

Presented by

Robert A. Hill; CHS-IIIAmerican Casino & Entertainment Properties, LLCSurveillance Supervisor/Homeland Security Liaison

About the Presenter

• Casino Surveillance since 1996. • Four years of supervisory experience• Level 3 Certification in Homeland Security

through American College of Forensic Examiners Institute

• Served In United States Air Force and Air Force Reserve during Operations ‘Desert Storm’, ‘Noble Eagle’ and served in direct support of Operation ‘Southern Watch’.

Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal

Topics of Discussion

Today, we will discuss:

• Overview of Terrorism(including a definition, history and categories of terrorism)

• Objectives of Terrorists• Methods of Terrorism• Preparation and Response to

catastrophic event or terrorist act

Please hold any questions until after the presentation. Thank you.

Overview of Terrorism

• Terrorism defined:

““the premeditated, politically motivated the premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetuated against targets by sub-violence perpetuated against targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents. national groups or clandestine agents. Usually intended to influence an audience.”Usually intended to influence an audience.”

US Code on Foreign Relations


What does the previous statement mean? Lets dissect this definition for an easier understanding.

““The premeditated, politically motivated…”The premeditated, politically motivated…”Terrorists often plan their actions well in advance and in great detail (premeditated). Most terrorist acts are often inspired by political, ideological or religious goals (politically motivated).


“ …“ …by sub-national groups or clandestine by sub-national groups or clandestine agents…”agents…”

Modern terrorists often operate in secret, without formal backing of sovereign nations. They do not claim to act on behalf of a country. However, it is no secret that some nations, particularly in the Middle East, condone terrorist acts and have provided safe haven for terrorists, as well as funds, training and materials.


“…“…usually intended to influence an audience.”usually intended to influence an audience.”

A measure of a successful terrorist event is gaining attention for a cause and/or swaying the opinions, actions or policies of governments or the civilian population through coercion, intimidation and fear.

Terrorist acts are more frequently being recorded and broadcast on the world-wide web and other media outlets. This reaches the world audience.


The history of terrorism dates back to the first century AD.

Zealots of Judea• Known to the Romans as ‘sicarii’ (“dagger men”), the

Zealots of Judea were the first known organization that exhibited aspects of modern terrorism.

• Assassination of Roman occupation forces and collaborators.


In the 13th century, a new tactic wasemployed.

Nizari Ismalis (“Assassins”)• A break-away faction of Shia Islam that adopted the

tactic of assassinating enemy leaders.

• Limited resources and manpower.

• Inspired fear in their enemy.


French Revolution (1788-1799)• First use of the word “terrorist” and “terrorism”.

Reference to the ‘Reign of Terror’ initiated by the Revolutionary government. Between 18,000 and 40,000 were executed during this time (1793-1794).

Agents of the Committee of Public Safety and National Convention committed acts of brutality, imprisonment and intimidation enforcing state policy, referred to as “the Terror” by the oppressed French citizens. Those agents were referred to as “terrorists”.


European Anarchist Movement (1880’s-1910’s)• Radical political theories and improvements in weapons technologies

inspired anarchists to attempt to topple European nation-states in the late 19th century.

• “Propaganda by Deed”: Direct action; “actions speak louder than words.” Propaganda by deed actions sought to inspire the masses and catalyzing the anarchist movement.

• Bombings of government buildings and assassination of various heads of state in Russia, France, England, Spain, and Italy.

• Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 triggered World War I.

• Civilian populace was not exempt from attack.


Bolshevik Revolution (1917)

• Sought spark a revolution that would lead to the destruction of capitalism and democracy throughout the world.

Lenin and the Bolsheviks ruled through oppression of

the masses.

• Incarceration and execution of political opponents


Islamic Revolution (Iran) (1978)• Popularized terrorism as an acceptable form of Islamic

defiance• Marked by huge, violent protests.• Widespread arson and bombings. Over 400 killed in

single attack on a cinema.• The terror group which later became known as

Hezbollah was formed. Served as “strong-arm thugs” who attacked those critical of Ayatollah Khomeini.

• Iran Hostage Crisis: 66 Americans kidnapped by Islamic student-protesters. Ordeal lasted 444 days.


Terrorism has evolved over the centuries, but several constants remain:

• No regard for laws.• Violent means to achieve political, social or

religious goals.• Psychological impact and fear• Deliberate targeting of non-combatants


TRUE OR FALSE

‘terrorists are irrational, mindless killers’

FALSE!FALSE!Misconception


Terrorist violence is usually not without purpose; seldom random or irrational.

• Conception

• Organizing/Planning

• Financing

• Goal-oriented

• Execution of plan


• Typical Criminal Behavior vs. Terrorist Behavior

Typical criminals are:• Opportunistic• Uncommitted• Self-centered

• Lacking a cause• Untrained

• Escape oriented


• Typical Criminal Behavior vs. Terrorist Behavior

Terrorists are:• Focused

• Committed by ideology• Often team oriented

• Consumed by a cause• Well trained

• Attack orientedand above all

PATIENTPATIENT


Terrorists want to make a statement through their actions.

PoliticalPolitical

EconomicEconomic

ReligiousReligious


Sometimes, terrorist actions are “retaliation” for alleged transgressions.

• Israeli – Palestinian conflict

• Kidnapping and brutal slaying of hostages in Iraq


Two Categories of Terrorism

• InternationalInternational

• DomesticDomestic


International Terrorist Organizations• Three Categories

1. International Jihad

2. Formal Terrorist Organizations

3. State Sponsored Terrorism


1. International Jihad

• Clandestine militants affiliated with Islamic “extremists” around the world.

• Perception among many Muslims that American foreign policy, as it relates to Middle Eastern affairs, is unfair and oppressive by favoring Israel.

• Justify violence as “God’s will”, as prescribed in the Koran. “Jihad” (holy war) against those who don’t convert to Islam.

• “Jihad in Islam is simply a name for striving to make this system of life dominant in the world” - Sayyid Qutb, Islamic Fundamentalist (1906 – 1966)

• Al Qaeda and Islamic Jihad are categorized as an international jihad organization.


“…Cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore strike off their heads and strike off every fingertip...” Koran [8.12]

“Fight (the infidels), Allah will punish them by your hands…” Koran [9.14]

“And (as for) those who disbelieve, for them is destruction ...” Koran [47.8]


There are an estimated 1.5 billion Muslims around the world.

• If only 1% of the worlds Muslims were considered “extremists” or “radical” =

15,000,00015,000,000This roughly equals the total combined populations of New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago! (2005 census info provided by www.infoplease.com)

Overview of TerrorismAl Qaeda• “the base”• Founded in 1988 by Osama Bin Laden to

repel the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan• Sunni Islam• No formal state backing. Operatives trained to act independently in support

of goals.• Objectives include: elimination of foreign influence in the Muslim world;

eradication of “infidels” (non-Muslims); elimination of Israel; creation of a Islamic “caliphate” (unified global Islamic government).

• Tactics include: bombings, kidnapping, assassination, sabotage, attempts to proliferate WMD.

• Prior to 9/11, Al Qaeda was responsible for the 1993 World Trade Center attack, the 1998 twin bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Tunisia and Kenya, and the bombing of the USS Cole. Al Qaeda supplied weapons and training to Somali militants who were responsible for the “Blackhawk Down” attack in 1993.

• Affiliated cells throughout the world that have carried out scores of devastating attacks, killing hundreds since 9/11.

• Sleeper cells believed to be in as many as forty states, according to the FBI.

Al QaedaAl Qaeda


2. Formal Terrorist Organizations

• Maintain a local, regional or international presence.

• Cloak activities behind the front of ‘legitimate’ organizations.Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development; Richardson TX.

BUSTED!!!BUSTED!!!December 2001: Investigation by FBI found this organization had funneled

over $12 million to HAMAS between 1995 and 2001.Seven indicted on forty-two charges including money laundering, tax evasion

and providing support to a foreign terrorist organization.

• Hezbollah, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, Abu Nidal Organization, the Irish National Liberation Army and FARC (Columbian communist revolutionary group) are examples of Formal Terrorist Organizations.

Overview of TerrorismHezbollah• “Party of God”

• Founded in 1982 as an Islamic militia in Lebanon

• Follows teachings of Shi’a Islam as developed by Ayatollah Khomeini during the Islamic Revolution in Iran.

• Objectives include: eradication of Western “colonialism” in Lebanon; establish Lebanon as an Islamic state; complete destruction of Israel.

• Tactics include: ambushes, assassinations, bombings

• Prior to 9/11, Hezbollah terrorists had killed more Americans than Al Qaeda. Responsible for bombing of the Marine Corps barracks in Lebanon which killed nearly 300 servicemen, and the U.S. Embassy in Lebanon which killed over 60.

• The FBI believes there are between 2,000 and 10,000 Hezbollah members currently in the United States. The FBI says Hezbollah is a major threat and may surpass the threat posed by Al Qaeda. (courtesy: Fox News; 1/18/07)

HezbollahHezbollah


3. State Sponsors of Terrorism• Political term for nations who finance, equip, and

provide intelligence to, terrorist organizations across international boundaries.

• Includes providing compensation to families of militants/terrorists, who are killed carrying out terrorist activities.

• Used to produce strategic results where conventional use of armed forces is not practical or possible.

• Not to be confused with “state terrorism”, which is violence against civilians perpetrated by a national government or proxy-state.

• HAMAS is an example of a state-sponsored terrorist organization.


HAMAS• Acronym for “Harakat al-Muqawama

al-Islamiyya” or ‘Islamic Resistance Movement’• Founded in 1987 in Syria as a Palestinian resistance movement• Objectives: Withdraw from Israeli-occupied territories and utter

destruction of Israel. “There is no solution to the Palestinian question except through jihad.”

• Receives support from Iran and private benefactors in Saudi Arabia• Known for extensive use of suicide bombings, guerilla warfare,

rocket and mortar attacks in the Israeli-occupied territories. • Came into surprising political power in 2006, winning a majority of

seats in the Palestinian elections.• Engaged in a month-long war with Israel in summer of 2006.• In November 2006, HAMAS called for Muslims around the world to

attack the interests of the United States across the globe.

HAMASHAMAS


3. State Sponsors of Terrorism

1. Iran (since 1984)

2. North Korea (since 1988)3. Cuba (since 1982)

4. Sudan (since 1993)

5. Syria (since 1979)

Libya and Iraq were recently removed from this list.US State Department

www.state.gov


Between 1980 and 2001, the FBI recorded

482482Actual or suspected terrorist incidents

directed at the United States.310 were attributed to domestic terror groups.

Federal Bureau of Investigationwww.fbi.gov

Overview of TerrorismTerrorism by Event: 1980 to 2001

324 bombings; 33 arsons; 22 other; 21 assassinations; 19 shootings; 19 sabotage; 6 WMD related; 3 hijackings

Pie chart courtesy: www.fbi.gov


Domestic Terrorism• There are three categories of Domestic Terrorism

1.1. Right-WingRight-Wing

2.2. Left-WingLeft-Wing

3.3. Special Interest (single issue)Special Interest (single issue)

Overview of TerrorismTerrorism by Group Class: 1980 to 2001

164 terrorism incidents attributed to International terrorists; 130 to left-wing terrorist groups; 85 to right-wing terror groups and 81 to special

interest groups.Pie-chart courtesy: www.fbi.gov


Graph courtesy www.fbi.gov

Domestic Terrorism Incidents by Region: 1980 to 2001310 total domestic terrorism incidents

Northeast: 144 Puerto Rico: 130 Western: 97 Southern: 72North Central: 54


Examples of Domestic Terrorism

• Ruby Ridge Standoff; Idaho

• 1992. White separatist family holed-up in mountain home shoot it out with federal agents after a ten-day stand off. Several family members killed, including the wife of Randy Weaver, the groups leader.



Branch Davidian Standoff; Waco TX1993. Religious extremists die after a 51 day stand-off siege. Standoff began when authorities tried to serve a warrant on suspected illegal weapons charges and ended with a fiery siege on the cult’s compound. Eighty-two members of the group died in the fire, including twenty children, as well as four federal agents.


Examples of Domestic TerrorismOklahoma City bombing; Oklahoma 1995. A truck driven by an anti-government radical and packed with explosives was detonated outside a federal office building. The blast killed 168 people, including scores of children, and destroyed the building.



Columbine School Massacre; Colorado1999. A pair of teens go on shooting rampage at their school, killing 12 students, a teacher, then themselves.



University of North Carolina; NC

2006: An Iranian-born graduate from the University of North Carolina ran down 9 students on campus while driving an SUV. Claiming it was to avenge perceived transgressions against Muslims, the suspect said that he was “thankful for the opportunity to spread the will of Allah.”


What is a form of domestic terrorism that

is frequently overlooked?

GANGSGANGS


• Over one million active gang members in the United States.

• Principle activity of gangs: Illegal Drug Trafficking

• Drug money has been shown to be a major source of terrorist funding. US Department of Justice, 2000

• The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department refers to gangs as “urban terrorists” as they instill fear in the community through acts of violence.


1.1. Right WingRight Wing• Racial, ethnic, “hate” groups• Extreme religious views; separatist or

supremacy viewsAryan Nation, Neo-Nazi and Skin-head groups

Ku Klux Klan

World Church of the Creator

Jewish Defense LeaguePer www.fbi.gov


2. Left WingLeft Wing• Socialist or Revolutionary doctrine• Anti-government views• View themselves as ‘true patriots’; protectors of the

people against ‘dehumanizing’ effects of capitalism• Militia groups can fall into this category


3. Special InterestSpecial Interest (single issue)• Seek to resolve specific issues rather than

wide-spread political change.• Extreme views

Animal Rights

Anti-abortion

Environment (“eco-terror”)

Anti-nuclear

Anti-war


• Lone WolvesLone WolvesMajor cause for concern for Law Enforcement

• Concept of small cells or individuals acting independently in support of political or social goals of larger organizations.

• Lone Wolves are championed by supremacist groups, eco-terrorists and animal rights groups.

Overview of Terrorists

• Lone WolvesLone Wolves Commonalities• Isolation from friends and family• Somewhat to highly intelligent• Need attention; they need to “matter”• Willingness but lack social ability to join larger groups of

like-minded individuals• Consider themselves “above” others• Paranoid personality traits• Some have psychopathic traits


• Lone WolvesLone WolvesMotivations• “True Believer” syndrome: Frustration with members of larger

organizations who “talk the talk” but don’t “walk the walk”.

• “Warrior” complex: View themselves as warriors against the perceived evils in the world (e.g.: ethnic groups; the government, people who abuse the environment; those with religious, political or social differences). This fuels their desire to join groups who will value their warrior persona.

• Compensation for their own failures in life: Frustrations over inability to achieve personal goals, failed relationships with the opposite sex, or ability to fit in with larger groups.


It is important to remember a terrorist can be any race, religion, gender or age.

Terrorist violence does not discriminate.

FACES OF TERROR

Objectives of Terrorism

Powerful emotions are aroused with the possibility of serious harm or death.

Terrorists seek to exploit these emotions, thus succeeding in inspiring

““TERROR”TERROR”


Terrorists seek an audience

• The audience is the real target of their violence

• Secure audience through shocking and violent acts

• Terrorists often hope to sway opinion of audience


Terrorists are militarily weak

• Most organizations are of modest numbers

• Limited resources

• Violence must be shocking to get maximum impact on their audience.

Objectives of TerrorismObjectives of Terrorism

Likely Terrorist TargetsLikely Terrorist Targets

• Prefer “soft” targetsPrefer “soft” targets• Large numbers of peopleLarge numbers of people• Critical infrastructureCritical infrastructure• Economic TargetsEconomic Targets• Symbolic significanceSymbolic significance

Striking military, or ‘harder’ targets, sends a Striking military, or ‘harder’ targets, sends a message of defiance and strength.message of defiance and strength.


Terrorist violence is bent on causing

• Physical harm and death

• Damage or destruction of assets or facilities

Methods of Terrorism

Terrorists employ many methods, including:

HijackingHijacking

BombingBombing

AssassinationAssassination

KidnappingKidnapping

SabotageSabotage

Cyber-terrorismCyber-terrorism

Weapons of Mass DestructionWeapons of Mass Destruction


1. Hijacking• Most often used in the 1970’s and

1980’s. • TWA flight 847 (Organization for the Oppressed of the Earth;

linked to Hezbollah)

• Cruise ship ‘Achille Lauro’ (Palestine Liberation Front)

• Not as widely used today as it was in the 1980’s

• Can be used to devastating ends• September 11, 2001


2. BombingMost preferred and widely used method of terrorism. Includes:

• Pipe bombs• Vehicle-borne bombs• Booby traps• Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)• Suicide bombers

Can be effectively used against people or facilities.


3. AssassinationCarried out through ambush or explosive device.

Regular assassinations occur:• Israeli-Palestinian conflict• US supported Afghan and Iraqi officials

Did you know? There have been four U.S. Presidents assassinated (Lincoln in 1865; Garfield in 1881; McKinley in 1901 and Kennedy in 1963), and nine others to have survived assassination attempts including the past seven Presidents (Nixon (1974), Ford (1975), Carter (1979), Reagan (1981), Bush (41) (1993), Clinton (1994) and current President George W. Bush in 2005).


4. Kidnapping

Holding of prisoners to exchange for money (extortion) or other demands.

• Often accompanied with threats of violence if demands are not met within a specified time-frame.


5. Sabotage

Directed at infrastructure, other structural or material targets.

• Comes in the forms of explosion, arson or mechanical destruction.

• Sabotage aims to disable or destroy target • Make a statement (includes vandalism)• Designed to cause chaos or panic


6. Cyber-TerrorThe “new frontier” for terrorists

• Targets likely to be commerce rather than military• Hackers/Terrorists seek to:

disrupt commercesteal money

commit espionagesabotage infrastructure

identity theft – identity theft is the fastest growing crime in the world and criminologists have reported a large number of cases have been found to be suspected terrorists.

““Acquiring arms for the defense of Muslims is a Acquiring arms for the defense of Muslims is a duty. If it is true that I have acquired (chemical duty. If it is true that I have acquired (chemical

or nuclear) weapons, I thank God who has made or nuclear) weapons, I thank God who has made it possible. And if I seek to procure such it possible. And if I seek to procure such

weapons, this is a duty. It would be a sin not to weapons, this is a duty. It would be a sin not to try to possess the weapons that could prevent try to possess the weapons that could prevent

the infidels from harming Muslims.”the infidels from harming Muslims.”

Osama bin Laden, 2002Osama bin Laden, 2002


Three types of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

NuclearNuclear

BiologicalBiological

ChemicalChemical(Remember: NBC)


Types of Weapons of Mass Destruction

Nuclear WeaponA weapon whose destructive power is produced from a violent, uncontrolled atomic reaction.


Types of Weapons of Mass Destruction

Biological WeaponWeapon armed with living organisms or toxins (such as disease or germs).

Plague and Small Pox are examples of biological agents that can be weaponized.

Small Pox Victim

Photo Courtesy of Alpharubicon.com

Methods of TerrorismMethods of Terrorism

Types of Weapons of Mass DestructionTypes of Weapons of Mass Destruction

Chemical WeaponChemical WeaponA weapon armed with manufactured A weapon armed with manufactured incendiary mixtures, irritants, poisonous or incendiary mixtures, irritants, poisonous or asphyxiating gasses.asphyxiating gasses.

Acts as a blood, blister, choking or nerve agentActs as a blood, blister, choking or nerve agent

Mustard Gas are Nerve Gas are chemical Mustard Gas are Nerve Gas are chemical weapons.weapons.

Photo courtesy of Spectrum.orgPhoto courtesy of Spectrum.org


Make no mistake, terror organizations such as Al Qaeda are hard at work attempting to procure WMD’s.

• Between 1998 and 2003, FBI opened 2,477 criminal investigations involving threatened use of WMD against the United States.

• April 2004, Jordan; Al Qaeda chemical weapon attack against three targets, including a US consulate, was foiled. The attack was said to be only days away from being carried out.

• Hundreds of nuclear weapons and materials are still unaccounted for following the collapse of the Soviet Union.


Most likely WMD attacks might be (according to the FBI):

RicinRicinBiological toxin which is produced from the castor bean.

SarinSarinColorless, odorless liquid nerve agent which has a high rate of

evaporation.

AnthraxAnthraxBacterial spore found in wild animals, livestock and soil.

Dirty BombDirty BombConventional high-explosive wrapped with radiological material. Detonation is designed to disperse radiological material over a wide

area.

Methods Of TerrorismMethods Of Terrorism

The FBI maintains there is no specific FBI maintains there is no specific information indicating a WMD attack on US information indicating a WMD attack on US is immanent. is immanent.

There have been a number of potentially devastating attacks thatThere have been a number of potentially devastating attacks thathave been foiled, thanks to the efforts of our nations intelligencehave been foiled, thanks to the efforts of our nations intelligencecommunity, law enforcement and military!community, law enforcement and military!

• 2006: A plan to blow up commercial airliners over major American 2006: A plan to blow up commercial airliners over major American cities was stopped only days before it could be carried out.cities was stopped only days before it could be carried out.

• 2006: A plot to detonate bombs in the NYC subway system to flood 2006: A plot to detonate bombs in the NYC subway system to flood lower Manhattan was uncovered.lower Manhattan was uncovered.

• 2004: A plan to use limousines packed with explosives to attack the 2004: A plan to use limousines packed with explosives to attack the nations financial sector on the East Coast was stopped.nations financial sector on the East Coast was stopped.

“…“…slay the idolaters wherever you find them…lie in wait slay the idolaters wherever you find them…lie in wait for them in every ambush…”for them in every ambush…” Koran [9.5]

Terrorism experts agree. We are in the midst of World War III! The War Terrorism experts agree. We are in the midst of World War III! The War on Terror is the most pressing issue facing our Nation, and indeed the on Terror is the most pressing issue facing our Nation, and indeed the rest of the civilized world, today! It will last for generations.rest of the civilized world, today! It will last for generations.

• Osama bin Laden called for jihad (“holy war”) against the United Osama bin Laden called for jihad (“holy war”) against the United States and Western civilization in 1998. States and Western civilization in 1998.

Bin LadenBin Laden issued a Fatwah (religious proclamation) in February 1998, ssued a Fatwah (religious proclamation) in February 1998, stated it was the duty of all Muslims to kill US citizens, civilians and stated it was the duty of all Muslims to kill US citizens, civilians and military, and their allies, everywhere in the world.military, and their allies, everywhere in the world.

This was followed by twin bombings of American ollowed by twin bombings of American Embassies in Kenya and Tunisia, which left hundreds Embassies in Kenya and Tunisia, which left hundreds dead.dead.

Methods of TerrorismMethods of Terrorism

Al Qaeda and other Islamo-facist terror groups desire to Al Qaeda and other Islamo-facist terror groups desire to replace the current world order with a new system of replace the current world order with a new system of government, based on Sha’ria law, similar to the iron-fisted rule government, based on Sha’ria law, similar to the iron-fisted rule of the Taliban.of the Taliban.

Centralized control over political, economical, educational, Centralized control over political, economical, educational, theological and social systems. All forms of entertainment theological and social systems. All forms of entertainment would be banned.would be banned.

Strict measures to control the masses; perceived threats will Strict measures to control the masses; perceived threats will be eradicated by executions on a scale that would dwarf the be eradicated by executions on a scale that would dwarf the Holocaust.Holocaust.

Multi-racial and cultural intolerance on a global scale.Multi-racial and cultural intolerance on a global scale.

Dr. David Ciampi, PhD.; “New and Emerging Terrorist ThreatsDr. David Ciampi, PhD.; “New and Emerging Terrorist Threats ”

Preparation and Response

• Developed after the 9/11 attacksHSAS was designed to be a

national threat advisory scale.

• Different color-coded levelsTrigger a specific response

By federal agencies and stateAnd local governments.

Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS)


The Homeland Security Advisory System consists of five color-coded threat levels intended to reflect the probability and severity of a potential terror attack.

REDREDSevere riskSevere risk

ORANGEORANGEHigh riskHigh risk

YELLOWYELLOWElevated-Significant riskElevated-Significant risk

BLUEBLUEGuarded-General RiskGuarded-General Risk

GREENGREENLow riskLow risk


Terrorism can strike at any time, with little or no warning.

It is our inherent responsibility to be prepared for catastrophe.


The growing sophistication of attacks has

led to an increase in casualties per incident.• Taking time to plan and execute large-scale attacks• Coordinated, synchronized attacks• Conduct rehearsals• Sophistication in bomb-making techniques

1. Larger amount of explosives

2. Deployment/initiation techniques for maximum casualties and damage

Preparation and Response• Seven Signs of Terrorism

1.1. SurveillanceSurveillanceMonitoring or recording of facility or activities

2.2. ElicitationElicitationAttempts to gain information about facility or operations

3.3. Tests of SecurityTests of SecurityAttempts to breach physical security to assess security response and procedures

4.4. Acquiring SuppliesAcquiring SuppliesPurchase or theft of explosives, weapons, uniforms, pass keys, etc.

5.5. Suspicious PersonsSuspicious PersonsLoitering in the area; “just doesn’t look right”.

6.6. Dry Run/TestDry Run/TestIn position at or near target and inconspicuously simulating the planned attack.

7.7. Deploying AssetsDeploying AssetsAttacker(s) and supplies are in position and ready to carry out the attack.

Courtesy www.cj.msu.edu


• Department of Homeland Security Principles of Proactive Security (the “Four D’s”)

DeterDeter

DetectDetect

DefendDefend

DevalueDevalue


• Deter

“To prevent or discourage the occurrence of an action, as by means of fear or doubt.”

- dictionary.com

- Actions that cause the potential attacker to perceive that the risk of failure is greater than that which the terrorist would find acceptable.

- -Department of Homeland Security


• Examples of Deterrence

SIGNS


• Examples of Deterrence

Visible Security


• DetectIdentify potential attacks

• Conduct risk assessment of your property; identify vulnerable areas.

• Employ vigilant, professional security and surveillance force.

• Develop liaison with local authorities and businesses in the area.


• Detection – Red flags• False alarms requiring a response from first responders• People wearing clothing not consistent with weather• Individuals showing unusual interest in your facility• Theft of employee uniforms, IDs, parking stickers• Damage to security equipment, locks, lights, cameras• Attempts to gain access to restricted areas of facility• Abandoned vehicles in parking lots• Computer hacking attempts• Unexpected or unfamiliar deliveries• Unscheduled repair or maintenance of HVAC, electrical, pluming• Individuals video taping, photographing, diagramming or taking

notes of your facility.


• Defend

Preventing or delaying a potential attack

• Perimeter fencing• Vehicle access control• Pedestrian access control• Professional security officers; vigilant

surveillance

Prevention and Response

• Examples of Defending


• Devalue

If you have taken steps to

1.1. DDeter an attack,

2.2. DDetect an attack,

3.3. DDefend against an attack,

You have DevaluedDevalued yourself as an attractive

Target, reducing the attackers incentive.


Effects of 9/11 on the Las Vegas economy:

• Passenger traffic at McCarran down by 1/3Average of 3,000,000 per month dropped to just over 2 million.

• Lost revenueA loss of $60 million dollars to the economy in Sept. 2001 alone.Las Vegas lost roughly $50-$60M for the next 6 months.

• Thousands were laid-off days after the attackwww.reviewjournal.com


What might the result of a terrorist attack in Las Vegas be?

• Mass casualties

• Large scale destruction of property

• Long-term economic disaster

• Increased crime

Preparation and ResponseRecent Hotel AttacksRecent Hotel Attacks

• Membosa, Kenya (2002): Paradise hotel attacked by suicide car bomber. The attack left 13 dead and 80 injured.

• Baghdad, Iraq (2003): A suicide attack using a truck packed with explosives detonated at the Canal Hotel. 22 killed; over 100 injured.

• Indonesia (2003): A suicide car bomber crashed into the lobby of the Marriot Hotel, killing 12 and injuring 150.

• Casablanca, Morocco (2003): A suicide bomber kills 2 and injures 20 at the Hotel Farah.

• Sinai, Egypt (2004): A bomb was planted at the Hilton and detonated, killing 34 and injuring 171.

• Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt (2005): A suicide car bomber kills 88 and injures over 100 at the Ghazak Gardens Hotel.

• Amman, Jordan (2005): Suicide bombers simultaneously kill 60 and injure 115 at the Grand Hyatt, Radisson and Days Inn.

• Courtesy: DHS Soft Target Awareness Course; 2006


It is essential for any professional It is essential for any professional organization to have an Emergency organization to have an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) to deal with Response Plan (ERP) to deal with

catastrophic events, such as a terrorist catastrophic events, such as a terrorist attack.attack.


Planning for DisasterAn Emergency Response Plan should include guidelines for response to:

1. Bomb; explosion or threats2. Evacuation3. Earthquake, flood, severe weather, fire4. Kidnapping5. Hostage Situation6. Extortion demand


Planning for Disaster

Development of an Emergency Response Plan should consider situations which occur on property, as well as off-property but close to your establishment which may effect safety and business.


• Priorities in Plan Development

1.1. Protect Human LifeProtect Human Life

Essential to protect lives and safety of employees and patrons. Steps should be taken to ensure persons who remain in the effected area are as protected as possible.


• Key considerations

SafetySafetyProtection and safety of all persons, both employees and patrons, is paramount.



2.2. Support and AssistanceSupport and AssistanceHave a clear evacuation plan

– Employee evacuation plan should include a rallying point so managers can account for all personnel.

– Employees should be able to clearly and calmly explain evacuation procedures to patrons in case of an emergency.



3.3. Reduce Exposure of AssetsReduce Exposure of Assets

Each department of an organization should have an emergency action plan that protects company funds and assets.


Emergency Action Plan specific to Surveillance Departments

• Have emergency equipment available in the monitor room (first aid supplies, two-way radios, flash lights, fire extinguishers)

• Emergency camera coverage programmed and ready for use in minimal time

• Set DVRs to motion activation and reduce frame recording speeds

• Ability to transition VCRs into extended recording mode; emergency tapes available

• Emergency Response Plan specific to Surveillance readily available to personnel. Periodic training. Personnel need to know their role in an event of an emergency.

• Relevant phone numbers readily available• All Personnel know evacuation procedure


Preparation at Home• Make a family emergency kitMake a family emergency kit

Include enough non-perishable food, and water for your family (including pets) for three days; first aid kit; battery powered radio

• Have a planHave a planHow will you contact each other; Where will you meet; What would you do in different situations?

• Stay InformedStay InformedLearn about potential emergencies that could affect your area and appropriate way to respond; Learn about established emergency plans.

• For more information, visit www.Ready.gov


According to the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Departments Homeland Security Bureau, there are a number of active terror support cells right here, right nowright here, right now in Las Vegas, representing HAMAS, Hezbollah, Abu Nidal and Al Qaeda.


The most likely terrorist targets in Las Vegas are believed to be:

• Hoover DamHoover DamA successful attack on Hoover Dam could result in catastrophic

flooding, millions left without water and power, and countless deaths

• Nellis Air Force BaseNellis Air Force BaseNellis is one of the Nations most active and populated military bases.

Any successful attack on a military (hardened) target is seen as a significant victory by terrorists.

• Stratosphere TowerStratosphere TowerThe Stratosphere Tower is visible from nearly any vantage point in the

Las Vegas Valley. An attack on the Stratosphere, or any famous hotel on the Strip, would be the death blow to the economy of the

city and have a crippling effect on that of the state.


The most likely form of terrorism that experts believe may occur in Las Vegas is believed to by attacks by suicide bombers or vehicle-borne explosive devices, directed at the tourism industry.

Closing Remarks

• Las Vegas represents everything that the Islamic terrorists oppose.

• Las Vegas is a high profile target.

• At any given time, there are between 100,000 and 400,000 tourists in the city; in addition to the nearly 2 million that reside in Las Vegas.

Closing Remarks

• The threat of terrorism is now part of our every day lives and will be for generations to come.

• Terrorists strike with little or no warning.• In the event of a major disaster, government or

local agencies cannot be depended on for swift response.

• You must be aware of and prepared for the threats we all face. Your life, and others, could depend on it.

AcknowledgementsI gratefully acknowledge the following sources of information which were invaluable in the preparation of this presentation.

• ACFEI Certification in Homeland Security• FBI Intelligence Assessments; Counter-Terrorism Division; www.fbi.gov• Department of Homeland Security (DHS) web site and publications• US Code on Foreign Relations• US State Department Publications• US Department of Justice Publications• “New and Emerging Terrorist Threats”; Dr. David F. Ciampi, PhD• Nuclear explosion photo courtesy of US Department of Energy• Darrin Norcutt; Surveillance Manager, ACEP• Wikipedia online encyclopedia• “Soft Target Awareness” course provided by DHS (2006)• American Society of Industrial Security

• Continued on next slide

AcknowledgementsI gratefully acknowledge the following sources of information which were invaluable in the preparation of this presentation.

• Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department’s Homeland Security Bureau• “Disaster Control”, Merritt Publishing 1998• “The Weapons of Terrorism”, Merritt Publishing 1999• NEONN• Fox News Channel• Google.com, MSN.com• Derk Boss; CFE, CPP, Vice President of Surveillance, ACEP• Patrick Gray; Director, X-Force Operations• Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition 1999• “Lone Wolf Study”; SA Kathleen Puckett, PhD• International Foundation of Protection Officers• “Wars on Terror” (2002); E. Thomas Wood, Pembroke College

• Continued from previous slide

““The price of freedom is eternal vigilance.”The price of freedom is eternal vigilance.”

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

This concludes the presentation.This concludes the presentation.

Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.

presented by robert a. hill; chs-iii american casino & entertainment properties, llc...

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