presented by: leigh anne clark, phd, jd associate professor of management jones college of business...
TRANSCRIPT
Ethical Leadership
Presented by:
Leigh Anne Clark, PhD, JDAssociate Professor of ManagementJones College of BusinessDepartment of Management & MarketingMiddle Tennessee State University(615) 494-8672 * [email protected]
Requires Deliberate and Consistent Action
Who Do You Know?Ethical LeaderList
Characteristics• • • • •
Unethical Leader
List Characteristics• • • • •
What is Ethics?
• The basic concepts and fundamental principles of right human conduct (Businessdictionary.com)
• A guiding philosophy or a set of moral principles or a system of moral values (www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/)
What is Ethics?
What is Ethical Leadership?
Using your influence, decision making, and motivation skills to get “right or moral human conduct” from the people you lead.
My goal tonight is for you to leave with a belief/understanding that being an ethical leader requires you to be …
1. Deliberate2. Consistent3. Active
•Personal Ethics•What is Right? • Moral Philosophies• Thinking Ethically reading
•Taking Action as a Leader• Organizational Ethics• Stated beliefs/values• Actions of the Organization• Organizational Culture
• Obedience to Authority• Group Conformity• Reluctance to Get Involved
But what is right depends on the person . . .
We often operate in the gray area of what is right/wrong . . .
Ethical Leadership – Key Factors and Tools
Exploring Personal Ethics – Internal Compass
• Important for a leader to have a clear understanding of his/her own personal ethics.
• Also, important for the people you lead to understand their own ethics.
ACTIVITY – Create your Personal Ethics Statement
Personal Ethics StatementStep 1: Individually complete the personal ethics worksheet.Step 2: Create a personal ethics statement that will
(a) fit on a business card(b) will guide your decision making when
faced with an ethical dilemma.Step 3: Now in groups of 3, consider the ethical dilemma that I have given you. Use your personal ethics statement to direct your decision of what you would do.
Step 4: At home, fine-tune your personal ethics statement and write it on the business card provided. Self-laminate the card and carry in your purse/wallet.
How do you make a decision about the right or wrong action to take?
- Not fair?- Just not right?- The greatest good is served by ….- Lying is wrong …
Moral Philosophies – Different Frameworks for Moral Decision making• Utilitarian Approach
• Look at consequences (end results) and evaluate benefits v. harms of those affected• Right action is the one that provides greatest good and least harm.
• Rights Approach• Humans have a right to choose freely and to have those choices respected• Humans have other rights (to truth, privacy, to not be injured, to what was
promised)• The right action is the one that is consistent with these rights of individuals.
• Fairness or Justice Approach• The right action is the one that treats people fairly and does not show favoritisms or
discrimination.• Was the process fair? Notice provided? Had opportunity to present your side, etc.
• Common-Good Approach• Assumes that there are some goals that members of a community share and that
our social policies, social systems, and institutions should benefit everyone.• The right action is the one that further the goals that members share in common.
• Virtue or Values Approach• Assumes that there are certain ideals to which all humans should strive.• These ideals or virtues (honesty, courage, compassion, fairness, self-control, etc.)
develop human character and human potential.• The right action is the action that is consistent with one of these human virtues.
You may be limited in changing the internal compass of those who work for you – but you can influence their decisions and actions.
• Obedience to Authority• Group Conformity• Reluctance to Get Involved• Differential Association• What is rewarded/Lack of
Punishment
As a leader, what can you do to get the right human behavior knowing that these factors exist?
Organizational Factors Impact Behavior
Taking Action How to Impact the Behavior of People Who Follow You
ACTIVITY: Divide into five groups. I will assign you one of the organizational factors listed above. Discuss and generate at least three ways that a leader can use that concept to get the desired ethical behavior from employees.
Organizational Culture -- the GLUE
Organizational Culture is a system of shared meanings and common beliefs held by organizational members that determines (in a large degree) how organizational members act
Culture is reflected in the values, rituals, symbols, myths, and practices of the organization.
Culture is perceived. It is shared. It is descriptive. It is powerful.
“The way we do things around here”
Strong v. Weak Cultures
The “key” parts of the culture are held deeply by members.
Culture has a strong influence over members.
Benefits from Strong Culture:Employees are committed to the
organizationPeople are drawn to the
organization (want to work there)Easier to socialize new members
to the organizationCan result in higher
organizational performance Drawbacks from Strong Culture:
Resistant to changeIf culture is counter to
organizational goals, then will yield undesired outcomes
Hard to identify “key” parts of culture – when you identify them, they not held deeply by members.
Culture does not have a strong hold on members.
STRONG WEAK
As a leader, you can influence the culture. Understand where you are and where you want to go. Be deliberate in making changes.
Observing the Organizational Culture
• Watch behavior• Look at data• Survey employees (stakeholders) about perceptions• What do you reward? Punish?• Ethical issues (how many?)• Look at where your money is spent• Look online• What else?
Beyond telling them . . .
Walk the Walk
Personally andAs a Leader
Extra:
Top Tips for Ethical Leaders• Understand Your Own Values• Actions Not Just Words• Communicate Honestly• Increase your Ethical Know-How• Get a Mentor• Train Your Employees• Ask People to Challenge Wrongdoing• Include Ethical Behavior in Your Appraisal System• Hire for Values as well as Capabilities• Insist on the Right People (source: www.sallybibb.com)
Ethical Leadership
• DeliberateKnow your own personal ethicsPlan, evaluate, implement steps to ensure ethics is followed
• ConsistentReward ethical behavior, punish unethical behavior – consistentlyConsistency leads to perception of character (character = consistency)Personal ethics is consistent or incongruence with the organization’s ethics
• ActiveObserve and impact the organizational culture so that embraces the organization’s ethicsBe deliberate with mentor assignments, use group conformity, use psychological factors to get ethical behavior
BAD
Video Clips• Obedience to Authority http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6GxIuljT3w
• Group Conformityhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA-gbpt7Ts8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPobACr9oL4
• Bystander Effect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSsPfbup0ac