presented by director gandhinagar institute of technology ... bhatt.pdf · solar cooking • box...

SOLAR THERMAL MARKET IN INDIA

Presented by

Presented by Dr N M Bhatt on 30/04/2011 at AMA during Seminar on ‘Trends in Renewable Energy

Technologies’ organized by GTU. File last updated on 5/18/2011 5:16 PM1

Presented by

Dr Nilesh M Bhatt

Director

Gandhinagar Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar

[email protected]

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

• Need of Solar Energy

� Energy crisis, Emissions and Global worming

• Scope of Solar Energy

� Water Heating

� Drying

� Cooking

� Space Heating

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� Space Heating

� Power Generation

� Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,

� Distillation

� Photo Voltaic

• Economic Viability of Solar Thermal System

� Case Study of Solar Refrigeration

ENERGY SCENARIO

• India’s Present Energy Consumption 1,71,926 MW, Requirement would be

4,00,000 MW by 2020 to meet GDP of 8%, Expected 9,50,000 MW by 2030

• Per Capita Annual Energy Consumption (Directly relates Leaving Standard)

for India is 612 kWh which ¼ of Global Average and ½ of Asian Average

• Availability of Fuel

� Coal: Reserves 75 billion ton (3rd largest), last for next 238 years

� Crude oil: Reserves 600 million ton, last for next 18 years, 63% of our oil

requirements are met through imports

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requirements are met through imports

� Natural gas: Reserves 1000 billion m3, last for next 26 years

• Hydro Resources

� Total potential 1,00,000 MW (7th in the world), Installed 26,000 MW

� Hurdles: huge installation cost, environmental and social problems

• Nuclear Resources

� India has installed 22 Reactors Generating 4,780 MW, Planned to reach

30,000 MW, Disposal of nuclear waste, sophisticated technology

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL

WARMING

• Merits of Conventional Fuels: High Energy Density, Cheap (Cost will be

Governed by Law of Demand and Supply), Ease of Storage and Convenient

to use

• Green House Effect: CO2 Envelope Prevent Escaping of Long Wave

Infrared Radiation thus Prevent Escaping of Heat, Normal Concentration of

CO2 in Atmosphere 0.03%, Other Green House Gases: Methane, Nitrous

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CO2 in Atmosphere 0.03%, Other Green House Gases: Methane, Nitrous

Oxide, HFC, H2O vapor

• Consequences of Global Warming

� Increase in global temperature (0.2°C/decade)

� Melting of polar snowcaps (Artic & Antarctic ice cover down by 14 % &

25%)

� Frequent and severe heat waves, intense cyclones, change in rainfall

pattern, increased incident of vector borne decease like malaria

SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS

• Energy Conservation

� Judicious use of energy

� Energy efficient appliances (heat and electric operated)

� Waste heat recovery (hot water/air applications, R&AC by sorption cycle)

� Use of insulations

•

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• Explore Other Sources of Energy - Renewable

� Solar (Thermal and PV)

� Wind, Biomass, Mini and Micro hydro plants, Geothermal, Ocean wave

and OTEC

• Solar Energy: Free of Cost (Is harvesting costly?), Environment Friendly,

Inexhaustible, Low Energy Density (kW/m2) , Uncertainty of Availability,

Difficult to Transport

POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY IN INDIA

• Technical Potential in India is 5,000 trillion kWh per Year

• Insolation: 4 to 7 kWh /m2 / day

• Ability to Generate Power on a Distributed Basis and Enable Rapid Capacity

Addition with Short Lead Time

• 35,000 km2 Area of Thar Desert has been set aside for Power Projects, • 35,000 km2 Area of Thar Desert has been set aside for Power Projects,

Sufficient to Generate 7,00, 000 to 21,00,000 MW

• Off-Grid Decentralized Power Generation for Rural Electrification

• Low Temperature Applications of Heating and Cooling for Urban and Rural

Area

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SOLAR THERMAL APPLICATIONS

• Domestic and Industrial Water Heating (Up to 120°C)

• Air Heater for Drying and Similar Applications (60 to 90°C), Air Heater for

Painting Shop (150 to 250°C)

• Domestic and Community Cooking (90 to 350°C)

• Active and Passive Solar Still (Up to 90°C)

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• Active and Passive Solar Still (Up to 90°C)

• Low Pressure Process Steam (120 to 180°C)

• Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Absorption and Adsorption Cycle

(Advanced Absorption Cycles Require Temperature Up to 250°C)

• Power Generation Using Organic Rankine Cycle (150 to 200°C)

• Power Generation Using Rankine Cycle (Up to 450°C)

SOLAR WATER HEATING

• Domestic Solar Water Heating System

� Main components: Flat plate collector/ Evacuated Tubes and storage tank

� Auxiliary heating may be provided

� Cost @ Rs 5000 /m2, Water temperature 50 to 70°C

� Gross Potential in India: 140 million m2 of collector area

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� Total Installed: 3.5 million m2 (5 lakh m2 during year 2009-10)

� 11th Plan Target: 5 million m2 (Reduction of 25 million tonnes GHG

emission) , 20 million m2 by 2022

� 64 BIS approved manufacturers of FPC and 65 MNRE approved supplier

of ETC

� Soft loans: 2% Domestic, 3% Institutional, 5% Commercial users

� Thane, Amravati, Nagpur and Durgapur Municipal Corporations have

announced 6 – 10 % rebate in property tax

SOLAR WATER HEATING

Continue…


� State Electricity Regulatory Commissions in Assam, Haryana, Karnataka,

Rajasthan, West Bengal, and Uttarakhand are providing rebates up to Rs

150 per month per domestic system.

� Bangalore has largest deployment, Rebate of Rs 50 on monthly electricity

bill, Saving equivalent to 200 MW / day

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bill, Saving equivalent to 200 MW / day

� Installation in new building is mandatory in Pune

� Incorporated in new National Building Code, GRIHA (Green Rating for

Integrated Habitat Assessment) for green building and Energy

Conservation Building Code, Energy labeling is in process

� Efforts are made to promote in hotels, hospitals and in industrial and

commercial establishments.

SOLAR WATER HEATING

Continue…


� Mandatory provision in new infrastructures by various ministries such as

Urban Development, Tourism, Defence, Railways, Textiles, Health, Food

Processing Industries etc. , Was part of Commonwealth Games 2010

• Industrial Solar Water Heating System

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• Industrial Solar Water Heating System

� Forced circulation of water using pump operated through controller,

� Auxiliary heating

� Application: Boiler feed water heating, low temperature process heating

SOLAR DRYING

• Cabinet Type Dryer / Forced Circulation Dryer

� Enclosure with transparent cover, perforated tray for material to be dried

� Temperature 50 to 80°C, drying time 2 to 4 days

� Suitable for dates, apricots, chilly, grapes, mango pulp, fruit

bars, turmeric, fish, crops, timber etc.

� MNRE provides financial assistance up to 50% of the cost.

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� MNRE provides financial assistance up to 50% of the cost.

� Over 100 such units of capacity ranging up to 50 kg/batch are working in

Andhra

Pradesh, Haryana, Lakshadweep, Ladakh, Mizoram, Punjab, Uttarakhand,

and Uttar Pradesh

� Last year, six units with a collector area of about 600 m2 have been

sanctioned for their installation at various industries including HLL Life

Care Limited and HPCL

SOLAR COOKING

• Box Type Solar Cooker

� Rectangular insulated enclosure with one or two glass cover, inner

surfaces painted black, Without or with reflector (15 to 20°C higher

temperature), Can’t be used for chapatis or purees

� Rebate of Rs 100 to 200 on each cooker is available

� 6,39,000 units have been installed

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� 6,39,000 units have been installed

• Concentrating Solar Cooker (Dish type): Temperature more than 200°C

� Incentive of Rs 1500 is available on procurement of dish solar cooker

� 10,200 dish solar cookers have been installed

� World largest system at Shirdi with dish area of 1168 m2, 3500 kg of

steam at required pressure and temperature is generated to cook food for

20,000 people / day, Saving of around 1 lakh kg of LPG /year

SOLAR COOKING

• Concentrating Solar Cooker (Dish type): Temperature more than 200°C

� Shanti Kunj, Haridwar: dish area of 160 m2

� R K Mission, Chhattisgarh: dish area of 300 m2

� More than 60 systems in country

� 176 m2 system to generate steam at ITC Maurya Hotel, Delhi for laundry

and other steam application

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and other steam application

SOLAR POWER GENERATION

• Low Temperature Systems (up to 100°C)

� Use of FPC with booster mirrors, Working fluid: methyl chloride,

refrigerants, ηsc 25%, Rankine efficiency 7 to 8%, Overall efficiency 2%

� Cost: Rs 3,00,000 per kW for 6 hr of solar operation

� Solar pond and Solar Chimney are other option

• Medium Temperature Systems (100 to 400°C)

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• Medium Temperature Systems (100 to 400°C)

� Use of line focusing evacuated parabolic collector to supply heat to

Rankine cycle up to 400°C, Cost: Rs 50 000 to 90 000/kW, Generating

cost Rs 1.50 to 2.50/kWh

• High Temperature Systems (above 400°C)

� Use of paraboloidal dish, two axis tracking, System efficiency 30% but

due to restriction to size of dish can be used for few kW

� Central Receiver System which uses array of large mirrors (heliostats)

� Cost Rs 65 000 /kW for pilot plant in the range of 0.5 to 10 MW


Continue…

• Parabolic Trough Collector : Steam Turbine

Cycle, CHP, Working Fluid: Oil (1-3 bar, ~

390°C), Steam (100 bar, 390 - 550°C)

• Parabolic Dishes: Sterling Engine, Working

Fluid: Helium (50 -200 bar, 600 - 1200°C)

• Solar Power Tower (using Heliostat) Parabolic • Solar Power Tower (using Heliostat) Parabolic

Dishes: Steam Turbine Cycle, Gas Turbine,

Combine Cycle, CHP, Working Fluid: Air (1 -

15 bar, 800 - 1200°C)

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Continue…

• Installed Capacity: 9.84 MW (0.1 % of Renewable Installtion)

• Projections

� 1000 MW by 2013, 10,000 MW by 2017 and 20,000 MW by 2022 using

Grid connected and Off –Grid Applications

• Projects

� Manthania Project (Jodhpur): Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC)

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� Manthania Project (Jodhpur): Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC)

plant with an average Solar yield of about 35 MW and a fossil field of 135

MW. It is based on the integrated operation of the parabolic trough solar

plant with a combined cycle gas turbine using fossil fuels

� 5 MW using parabolic trough in Medak Dist. AP by Suryachakra Power

� 5 MW using parabolic trough in Raipur Dist. CG by South Asian Agrao

� 1 MW using linear Fresnel reflector in Sivganga Dist. TN by KG Design

� 1 MW under R&D project on “MW-scale Solar Thermal Power Testing,

Simulation and Research Facility” has been sanctioned to IIT Bombay


Continue…

• Projects

� R&D project has been sanctioned to Megawatt Solutions Pvt.

Ltd., Chennai for Development and Demonstration of a solar steam

generating system using two axis automatically tracked parabolic solar

dish technology for power generation.

� R&D project titled “Development of Test Procedure for Solar

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Concentrators and its Implementation on Two Types of Dish

Concentrators” has been implemented at IIT Bombay

� R&D project to design and develop 1.5 kWe indigenous Stirling engine

has been sponsored by MNRE to IIT Bombay, A laboratory model has

been fabricated

� SkyFuel has sign MoU with Megha Engg. & Infra. Ltd. For 50 MW plant

in AP, SkyFuel’s polymer film based reflectors are light weight and costs

20% lower

SOLAR REFRIGERATION AND AIR

CONDITIONING

• Coupling of Vapor Absorption Cycle with Solar Collector

• Coupling of Vapor Adsorption Cycle with Solar Collector

• Use of Solar Energy to Regenerate Liquid and Solid Desiccant Used in

Desiccant Cooling System

• Use of Solar Energy to Regenerate Liquid and Solid Desiccant Used in

Hybrid Cooling System

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Hybrid Cooling System

• Projects:

� 25 TR plant at Mamta Energy, Ahmedabad using ETC

� 100 TR plant at Muni Seva Ashram

� 92 TR plant at TVS Suzuki near Chennai

� 30 TR plant at Gurgaon


CONDITIONING (Continue…)

• Projects:

� 160 TR plant at Hospital run by Thane Municipal Corporation, comprise

of 184 dishes of 13.6 m2 to generate steam , Separate desiccant cooling

system to take care of high humidity of coastal area, Desiccant is

generated using the steam, Excess steam is used for laundry and

sterilization, System design by IIT Bombay

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sterilization, System design by IIT Bombay

� Integrated Solar Heat Recovery system using 70 Nos. of solar

concentrators with dish area of 1120 m2, double effect VAM, Electric

Chillers, Heat pump and gas fired hot water generator will be installed to

fulfill air cooling and heating requirements of the Paint shop at Mahindra

Vehicles Manufacturers Ltd., Talegaon, Pune

� R&D project to develop 5 to 100 kW plant has been sanctioned to

Thermax Ltd. Pune


CONDITIONING (Continue…)

• Projects:

� R&D project has been sanctioned for Design, Development and

Demonstration of solar steam generating system to generate steam at

temperature > 400°C and pressure > 40 bar using two axis automatically

tracked parabolic dish technology for R&AC, Power generation etc.,

� R&D project on ‘Development and Testing of 3 TR Liquid Desiccant

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� R&D project on ‘Development and Testing of 3 TR Liquid Desiccant

based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pump’ is being implemented by IIT

Bombay

ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF SOLAR POTATO

COLD STORE

Cold store cooling load 35.2 kW (10 TR)

Generator for GAX cycle duty @ COP = 1.1 32 kW

Additional cost of Indigenous ETC @ η = 50% 5.12 LRs

Assumptions:

� 6 h/day solar operation for 300 days/year in Ahmedabad

� 84 % thermal efficiency of HSD fired system, HSD price of Rs 50/kg, Calorific

value of HSD 42000 kJ/kg

Fuel saving (32 × 3600 × 6 × 300 / 42000 × 0.84) 5880 kg HSD/yr

Fuel cost saving (5880 × 50) 2.94 LRs/yr

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PAYBACK PERIOD FOR SOLAR POTATO COLD

STORE

• With and without accounting for 80% depreciation in first year

Simple payback (compared to HSD fired AAR system) 21 month

Simple payback with 80% depreciation 16 month

• With absorber heat recovery, with and without accounting for 80%

depreciation for the first year

Simple payback (compared to HSD fired AAR system) 10.5 monthSimple payback (compared to HSD fired AAR system) 10.5 month

Simple payback with 80% depreciation 8 month

• Assumptions

� Solar ammonia absorption refrigeration (AAR) system is compared with

HSD fired AAR

� Additional cost of solar AAR system is essentially the cost of solar

collector

� HSD firing can serve as backup to solar heat input

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Invitation for ISTE Approved STTP

'Global Warming Mitigation Through Renewable Energy and

Energy Conservation'

'Emerging Trends in Software Engineering‘

23- 27 May 2011

Thank You

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