Cardiovascular System and the Procedures

Sirinthip Thanomphon

June 23, 2010

Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

It is also called Circulatory system.

The major function of the circular system is to maintain the distribution of blood throughout the body.

It is composed of the heart and the blood vessels-arteries, capillaries, and veins.

The Circulatory System

It is composed of two parts:

1. The pulmonary circulatory, between the heart and lungs, transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen and then back to the heart.

2. The Systemic circulatory, carried oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells and then back to the heart.

Heart Chambers It is divided into

four chambers- two atria ( upper chambers) and two ventricles ( lower chambers).

These chambers are divided into right and left sides.

Blood Vessels

There are three types of blood vessels;

1. Artery: is the large, thick-wall and carry the blood away from the heart.

2. Capillary: are the network of tiny blood vessels.

3. Vein: Carrying blood back to the heart.

How to Take Good Care of Your Heart

Every single day you hear of people having heart attacks or suffering sometime of ailment that weakens their heart.

As the 2007, heart disease is the leading cause of dead in the United state.

So it is good to check your heart and health because the earlier detected is the better chance to be survive.

Heart It is a muscular

pump that made up of cardiac muscle fibers.

It has four chambers.

Beating average of 60-100 beats per minute.

It is located in the mediastinum.

The tip of the heart is called apex.

“There are a number of medical procedures and health issues associated with heart disease”.

For example…

Thrombolytic Therapy

It is the progress in using medicine to dissolve blood clot.

The medicines are injected into a blood vessel to dissolve clots and restore blood flow.

The picture shows lumen of the coronary artery is almost completely occluded by recent thrombus.

The Thrombolytic Drugs Include:

Tissue plasminogen activator- t-PA – alteplase (Activase)

Reteplase (Retavase) Tenecteplase (TNKase) Anistreplase (Eminase) Streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase) Urokinase (Abbokinase)

Precaution

For thrombolytic therapy to be effective in treating stroke or heart attack, prompt medical attention is very important.

It may cause bleeding. Women who pregnant

should consult the physician before get a treatment.

Cardiac Scan

It is a test that uses an x-ray machine to take clear, detailed pictures the heart.

During a cardiac CT scan, the x-ray machine will move around your body in a circle and take a picture of each part of your heart.

What Does a Cardiac CT Detect and Evaluate? Problems in the heart. Problems with the aorta. Aneurysm which are diseased areas

of a weak blood vessel wall that bulge out.

Blood clots in the lungs. Pericardial disease that occurs in the

pericardium, a sac around your heart.

Risk and Concern of Cardiac Scan

There is a very small chance that cardiac scan will cause cancer.

Some people feel side effects from the contrast dye that’s used during the cardiac scan.

People who have asthma or emphysema may have breathing problems during cardiac scan if they’re given beta blockers to slow down their heart rates.

A Stress Testing

Sometimes called a treadmill test or exercise test.

It helps a doctor find out how well the heart handles work.

A stress test can be used to test for heart disease.

About the Procedures

The person is hooked up to equipment to monitor the heart.

Walking slowly in place on a treadmill, then the speed is increased for a faster pace.

The person may be asked to breath into a tube for a couple of minutes.

The person can stop the test at any time if needed.

Afterwards the person will sit or lie down to have their heart and blood pressure checked.

A Stress Test is Useful for… Diagnose coronary artery disease Diagnose a possible heart-related cause of

symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath or lightheadedness

Determine a safe level of exercise Check the effectiveness of procedures done to

improve coronary artery circulation in patients with coronary artery disease

Predict risk of dangerous heart-related conditions such as a heart attack.

References;

 Fremgen, Bonnie F., and Suzanne S. Frucht. Medical Terminology: a Living Language. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009. Print.

Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, and Katja Hoehn. Human Anatomy & Physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2010. Print.

Reference Sites

www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki www.webmd.com/heart-disease www.americanheart.org http://a.abcnews.com www.innerbody.com www.cancer.gov

Thank you…