1. 1. MATHS PROJECT WORK MADE BY:-HARLIN CLASS:- VIII A GUIDED BY:- SUNITA BONDE MADAM
2. 2. Understanding quadrilaterals
3. 3. INDEX Introduction Topic Index Classification of polygons Diagonals Convex polygon Concave polygon
4. 4. INDEX Regular & irregular polygons Kinds of quadrilaterals Elements of a parellelogram. Some special parellelogram.
5. 5. INTRODUCTION POLYGON a simple closed curve made up of only line segments is called a polygon. Eg Curve that are polygons. Curve that are not polygons.
6. 6. CLASSIFICATION OF POLYGONS NO. OF SIDES OR VERTICES CLASSIFICATION SAMPLE FIGURE 3 TRIANGLE 4 QUADRILATERAL 5 PENTAGON 6 HEXAGON
7. 7. Company Name 7 HEPTAGON 8 OCTAGON 9 NONAGON 10 DECAGON n n-gon
8. 8. Diagonals A diagonal is a line segment connecting two non-consecutive vertices of a polygon. Eg-
9. 9. Convex polygon polygons that are convex have no portions of their diagonals in their exterior . Eg -
10. 10. Concave polygon Polygons that are concave have portions of their diagonals in their exterior. Eg-
11. 11. Regular and irregular polygons A regular polygon is both equiangular and equilateral. A polygon that does not have all sides equal and all angles equal . A polygon is regular only if all angles are equal and all sides are equal otherwise it is irregular.
12. 12. KINDS OF QUADRILATERALS TRAPEZIUM:- Trapezium is a quadrilateral with a pair of parellal sides. - These are trapezium.
13. 13. KINDS OF QUADRILATERALS KITE Kite is a special type of quadrilaterals. The sides with the same markings in each figure are equal. - Thes are kites.
14. 14. Kinds of quadrilaterals PARELLELOGRAM- A parellelogram is a quadrilateral.as the name suggests , it has something to do with parellel lines .
15. 15. ELEMENTS OF A PARALLELOGRAM There are four sides and four angles in a parellelogram. Some of these are equal. The opposite angles of a parellelogram are of equal measure . DIOGANALS OF PARELLELOGRAM. The diagonals of parellelogram bisects each other at the point of intersection.
16. 16. Some special parellelograms Rhombus- The sides of rhombus are of same length.Rhombus have all the properties of a parellelogram and also of a kite.The dioganals of a rhombus are perpendicular bisector of one another.
17. 17. SOME SPECIAL PARELLELOGRAM A rectangle - A rectangle is a parellelogram with equal sides.Each angle of a rectangle is of 90 A square A square is a rectangle of equal sides.This means that all sides have equal length.
18. 18. SUMMARY Parellelogram- A quadrilateral with each pair of opposite sides parellel. PROPERTIES- 1-oppposite sides are equal. 2-opposite angles are equal. 3-diagonals bisect one another.
19. 19. RHOMBUS- A PARELLELOGRAMWITH SIDES OF EQUAL LENGTH. PROPERTIES-1-ALL PROPERTIES OF PARELLELOGRAM. 2-DIAGONALS ARE PERPENDICULAR. SUMMARY
20. 20. RECTANGLE- A PARELLELOGRAM WITH A RIGHT ANGLE . PROPERTIES-1-ALL PROPERTIES OF PARELLELOGRAM. 2-EACH OF THE ANGLE IS A RIGHT ANGLE. 3-DIAGONALS ARE EQUAL. SUMMARY
21. 21. SQUARE- A RECTANGLE WITH SIDES OF EQUAL LENGTH . PROPERTIES-1-ALL OF A PARELLELOGRAM, RHOMBUS & RECTANGLE. SUMMARY
22. 22. KITE- A QUDRILATERAL WITH EXACTLY TWO PAIRS OF EQUAL CONSECUTIVE SIDES. SUMMARY