The oppressive British and the determination of the Americans for freedom was a marvel- some felt, for the whole world.

April 18-19 Gen. Gage (Brit) attempted to seize rebel arms in Concord-but found nothing and lost around 273 of his men.

On July 4th 1776 the Declaration of Independence was approved.

In order to organize a confederation, or foreign alliances, they needed a Constitution for all states, as a union to suppress the Crown.

In addition, the prevention of future tyrannies was also a reason to create a Constitution.

The war for independence was on, John Adams pushed for George Washington to be commander in chief. It was an inspired choice! It was 11 Mill. Brits against 2.5Mill. Americans.

Republicanism was a radical idealism, which meant getting rid of a King and having only elected officials. Republic means; ruled by law, not by a king or the Pope.

Samuel Adams said, “a citizen owes everything thing to the commonwealth” which was a little like Communism but needed to help each other until an economy was established.

The author labels the colonists as Liberal thinkers, I disagree, they are radical thinkers for freedom. Of course they don’t want war like the Monarchies. New World Order!

In 1774 the new Continental Congress was born in Philadelphia.

All twelve colonies except Georgia participated. Samuel and John Adams were eager to break the bond with Great Britain. Britain ready to fight, started restraining commerce and fighting started in Boston in April 1775. Paul Revere warned patriots John Hancock & Samuel Adams to flee & rouse the farmers!

Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson felt in this new union they will not need to form a naval force since they will not need to create traditional military alliances, just trade between countries would be enough and if they get out of line, you enforce an embargo. This was known as – to be a Jeffersonian Republican.