PRESENTED BY –Bikram keshari panda

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY

In different power stations there is bulk quantity of power is generated and that is distributed through different transmission line to the consumers.

There are different types of power generating stations

I. Hydropower stations II. thermal power stationIII.Diesel power stationIV.Atomic power station

• In generating stations the power is generated in the form of AC(11KV) because that voltage can be step up and step down easily.

• The energy generated are the generating stations is transmitted through transmission line.

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY

GRID STATION 220/33KV

SUB STATION 33/11KV

TRANSFORMER

STEP UP TRANSFORMER 11\220

PRIMARY DISTRIBUTIOM LINE

SECONDRY DISTRIBUTIOM LINE

HIGH VOLTAGE SECONDARY TRANSMISSION LINE

HIGH VOLTAGE PRIMARY TRANSMISSION LINE

3PHASE GENERATING STATION

L1 L2 L3 N

FEEDER

Type of cable in transmission line

• low tension cable (1000v)• high tension cable (11000v)• super tension cable

(22kv-33kv)• extra tension cable

(33kv-66kv)UNDER GROUND TRANSMISSION Al under ground cable Pvc under ground cable

OVER HEAD TRANSMISSION

Advantages of high voltage transmission

• Saving the conducting material for a constant voltage out put.

• It will reduce power loss in the transmission line.

• Better efficiency of line voltage.• Better voltage regulation.

TRANSFORMER

• The transformer is a static device which decrease or increases the voltage without change in frequency.there are two type of transformer

1. Step-up transformer2. Step-down transformer

DIFFERENT PARTS OF ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER

PRIMARY WINDINGSEONDRY WINDING TRANSFORMER TANK TRANSFORMER GAUGE EXPLOSION VENT

ELECTRONICS USE OF TRANSFORMER

• Usually in the electronics use step down transformer and step up transformer both are used but they are low tension transformer.

• Most commonly there is no electronic device which work with AC voltage so we have to convert AC to DC voltage by rectifiers.

Rectifier

• A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) Which flow only one direction . The process is known as rectification

• Type of rectifier half wave rectifier full wave rectifier

center tap rectifierbridge rectifier

IN4007

half wave rectifier

full wave bridge rectifier

instantly a new rectifier is come to the electronics market that is ICR36120 .

it is a rectifier which can be use as both half & full wave rectifier. There is no need of use extra component to half wave & full wave rectification.

Just alternating the pins use can use this rectifier as half & full wave rectifier.

It is silicon based rectifier. The most important advantage of this rectifier is

there is no requirement of filter circuit . Os the out put of this rectifier is pure dc no pulsating dc.

41 3

2ICR 3 6 1 2 0If we connect pin no 1 &3 through a transformer it will act as a half wave rectifierIf we connect pin no 1,3 with primary winding of a trans former & we take o\p form 24 it will act as full wave bridge rectifier.

Advantages of transformer

• By transformers we can easily step up and step down the voltage

• There is no change in frequency when step up and step down the voltage.

Disadvantage of transformer • We can not step up and step down the DC

voltage.• We can not supply DC voltage the transformer.• There is different losses in the transformer

Eddy current loss and hysteresis loss, they called as iron losses.