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Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System and Bottlenecks in Transmission Prof. S. A. Khaparde IIT Bombay 1

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Page 1: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System and Bottlenecks in Transmission 

Prof. S. A. KhapardeIIT Bombay

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Page 2: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

MERC Directive

• Grid disturbance on 18th and 21st November 2010 resulted into partial black out in several areas of Mumbai

• MERC order for Case No. 84 of 2010 dated 1st December 2010• The Commission directed 

– Review of protection setting at all interconnection points between two transmission licensees and between Transmission/Distribution Interconnection boundary points

– Review of existing protection schemes , under frequency relay settings, Islanding scheme, Studies on compliance of (N‐1) criteria and investigate the prime reasons for system disturbances

– to suggest remedial measures so that such occurrences can be avoided in future

Investigation Committee Formed2

Page 3: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Content of the Presentation

Part ‐ 1 Study of Existing Mumbai Power System

Part ‐ 2 Study of MERC Approved Mumbai Power System

Part ‐ 3 Mumbai transmission system bottlenecks 

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Page 4: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Part‐1

Study of Existing Mumbai Power 

System

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Page 5: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Transmission Line Tripping Concerns

• Kite string can act as a conductor– 2 out of 6 samples tested at VJTI had the breakdown strength lesser than the threshold

• Overload should indicate the “alarm state” and not to be configured to trip

• Definitions of “overload” and “tripping” are subjective, utilities need to adopt a common format

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Page 6: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Line Rating Calculation

• Calculation of line rating (Ampacity) or available capacity of line is highly debated– Use scientific methods– Make the data available to operator for quick decision

• Dynamic line rating equipment• All utilities may develop action‐plan for corrective actions such as load trimming, special protection scheme (SPS), etc.

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Page 7: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Review of Protection Scheme

• Employ auto‐reclosure at 220 kV level– Appropriate technical studies need to be done before going for pilot project

• Protection of hybrid lines (overhead + cable)– ABB and Siemens have presented their approaches

– Pilot project needs to be taken up

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Page 8: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Review of Islanding Scheme

• Mumbai islanding scheme: disturbance external to Mumbai system• Sanity checks may be done on the islanding and load shedding logic for situations where disturbances are within the TPCL/R‐Infra network

• TPCL and R‐Infra should try to stay together as far as possible, forming a bigger island

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Page 9: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Base Case Load Flow Study

• Inter‐State connections are shown as generator/load depending upon general direction of power flow

• Model validation with case of 18th November Occurrence• Comparison of MW loading of various 220 kV transmission lines and ICTs 

• Voltage level at important buses with those recorded on SCADA during the time of disturbance

• Studies are carried out using MiPower9

Page 10: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Base Case for Contingency Study

• Consider the worst case scenario• Generating plants: at full capacity (Ex‐bus generation)• Wind generation 350 MW• Mumbai peak loading condition: 3150 MW, based on demand met in Mumbai system in previous year

• Simultaneous peak of Mumbai system and Maharashtra state 

• The total power generation of system is 16,107 MW• Total system demand is 15,453 MW with losses of 654 MW

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Page 11: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

sonkhar

Base Case with

Bo-Bo line and Salsette B/C

in service11

Page 12: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Contingencies: Line Outages• Trombay‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1out • Trombay‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out • Kalwa‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 3 out • Kalwa‐salsette 220 kV ckt 3 and 4 out • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1out• Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out• Borivali‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1out • Borivali‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1&2 out • Borivali‐Aarey 220 kV ckt 1 out • Boisar‐Versova 220 kV ckt out• Boisar‐Dahanu 220 kV ckt out• Dahanu‐Varsova 220 kV ckt out • Borivali‐Kalwa 220 kV ckt out

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Page 13: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Contingencies: Generator Outages

• Dahunu Unit‐1 is out • Trombay Generation reduced by 50%

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Page 14: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Infeasible System Conditions

• Irrespective of Salsette Bus‐Coupler position (On or Off) if Borivali‐Borivali 220 kV lines are out of service, the load flow solutions result into multiple corridors being overloaded

• With Borivali‐Borivali 220 kV line out of service, Mumbai system may not be able to cater to peak loading condition

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Page 15: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Importance of Aarey‐Borivali line

• In normal operation each line carries more than 200 MW

• Increased loading beyond 255 MW is presently controlled by load trimming scheme at R‐Infra

• Aarey load may be shifted to TPCL substations. Feasibility studies may be carried out for this alternative

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Page 16: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Importance of Bo‐Bo Line

• Borivali‐Borivali 220 kV line plays an important role in almost all events

• Carries more than 500 MW• Although, the current carrying capacity of the line is very high, the same is not true for associated in‐feed lines including substation

• It is recommended that these in‐feed lines and substation equipments should be upgraded to handle higher loading

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Page 17: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

General observations

• Outage of one of the two circuits of a double circuit line overloads the remaining line

• Rest of the network is marginally affected by the outage

• In case both the circuits are out, the situation deteriorates and couple of lines get overloaded

• In any overloading condition, corrective actions by the respective utility should be initiated to avoid tripping

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Page 18: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Outage of Boisar‐Varsova Line

• Outage of any line on which power is imported to R‐Infra network i.e., Boisar‐Varsova 220 kV line severely loads Aarey‐Borivali lines

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Generation Outage• Outage of Dahanu unit

– Aaray‐Borivali 220 kV lines gets overloaded, getting feed mainly from Borivali‐Borivali 220 kV line

– Rest of the network is marginally affected.– Further overloading situations can be controlled with the load shedding scheme at R‐Infra

• Outage of Trombay unit– In case of reduction of generation Trombay by 50 % Kalwa ICT supports the system carrying more than 850 MW of power 19

Page 20: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Short‐term Remedial MeasureExperimental Trombay (TPCL) – Saki (R-Infra) Connection

• Power flow on Aarey- Borivali 220 kV ckt reduces to 128.2 MWin the new scenario as compared to its loading over 218 MW inbase case

• Line loading of Bo-Bo 220 kV line reduces from 441 MW to 377MW

• Rest of the network is within the operating limits20

Page 21: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Summary of Existing Scenario Observations

• Existing Mumbai network is quite Fragile

• Network Strengthening should be taken up on the higher priority

• The priority should be decided for the proposals in pipeline

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Page 22: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Part‐2

Study of MERC Approved Mumbai 

Power System

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Page 23: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Load Growth in Mumbai

• Mumbai  has seen demand of 3130 MW in summer of 2010

• Mumbai is expected to see a demand of approximately 4500 MW by the year 2014‐2015

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Page 24: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

MERC Approved Projects : R‐Infrafor the year 2012‐13

Sr. No. MERC Approved list of projects

1 220kV GIS Chembur from Trombay (MSETCL)

2 220kV GIS at Saki EHV Station from Aarey (R-Infra)

3 220kV GIS Borivali ( MSETCL Borivali – R-Infra Borivali)

4 220kV Nagari niwara (LILO MSETCL Borivali – R-Infra Aarey)

5 220kV Goregaon EHV station (LILO of Varsova - Aarey)

6 Gorai 220 kV station (LILO of Ghodbunder – Versova 220 kV and connectivity from Borivali, MSETCL)

7 Dahisar 200 kV station (from Ghodbunder 220 kV station)

8 LILO existing MSETCL Boisar-Borivali 220 kV line at Ghodbunder EHV Stn

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Page 25: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

MERC Approved Projects: TPCLfor the year 2012‐13

Sr. No. MERC Approved list of projects

1 Proposed 220 kV Trombay-Dharavi-Salsette Lines Project

2 Establishing 220kV GIS Receiving Station at Mahalaxmi from Dharavi (T)

3 Establishing 220 kV GIS at SAKI & Upgrading of Transmission lines

4 220kV interconnection with MSETCL at Borivali

5 245 kV GIS at SAHAR (Airport) from Saki 220

6 220 kV Kalwa Salsette third line between MSETCL (KALWA) and

TATA Power Salsette R/S with line bays at both the ends.

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Base Case Loading Condition for the Year 2012‐13

Utility Load

On TPCL network 2690 MW

On R-Infra network 1459 MW

Total 4149 MW

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Outages Considered

• Line Outages– Trombay‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1out– Trombay‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out– Kalwa‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 3 out– Kalwa‐salsette 220 kV ckt 3 and 4 out – Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1out– Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out – Borivali‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1out – Borivali‐Salsette 220 kV ckt 1&2 out – Boisar – Broivali ckt1&2 27

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Outages Considered• Line Outage Contd…

– Borivali‐Aarey 220 kV ckt 1 out – Boisar‐Versova 220 kV ckt out – Boisar‐Dahanu 220 kV ckt out – Dahanu‐Varsova 220 kV ckt out – Borivali‐Kalwa 220 kV ckt out – Bo‐Bo corridor outage

• Generator Outages– Dahunu: 250 MW Outage– Trombay: 500 MW Outage 28

Page 29: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Case Comparison: ObservationParticular Existing Case Augmented Case

Kalwa ICT (MSETCL) 675 959

Kalwa – Salsette corridor 324 630

Borivali (MSETCL) – Nagri niwara (R-Infra) --- 262

Borivali (MSETCL) – Borivali (R-Infra) --- 216

Borivali (MSETCL) – Gorai --- 161

Borivali (MSETCL) – Dahisar --- 75

Boisar (MSETCL) – Borivali corridor 138 325

Bo – Bo line corridor 441 139

Borivali (TPCL) – Aarey (R-Infra) 218 62

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Page 30: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Observations

• The augmented base case network of the year 2013 has no significant overloads on the lines. 

• If  all elements of the augmented network as per MERC sanction are energized within expected time frame in 2013, the augmented network should be able to withstand most of the N‐1 line outage contingencies without threat to security.

• In absence of new generation availability in Mumbai regions, the additional load is supplied mainly through Kalwa, Boisar, and Borivali points.

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Page 31: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Observations

• Increasing interconnection at 220 kV also increases fault level (e.g., Kalwa substation).  The network may have to be split to contain the fault level. Separate studies should be carried out for these conditions. 

• In order to further contain the fault level and conserve ROW (which is a very serious problem in Mumbai region), future upgrades can consider 400 kV substations. 

• Inter‐connector at Kalwa substation at 220 kV level is found to exchange heavy amount of reactive power. 

• The generation outages are the most severe.  31

Page 32: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Part ‐ 3Mumbai transmission system 

bottlenecks 

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Page 33: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Study of 400 kV HVAC and VSC based HVDC

• Studies are carried out by MSETCL• Major Transmission Bottlenecks in Bringing Power to Mumbai– Limited interconnection with MSETCL’s Network, only at Borivali, Kalwa, and Boisar on 220 KV level, putting strain on 220 KV network.

– Non availability of 400 kV and above voltage level transmission network in Mumbai. 

– Right of Way (RoW) and substation space constraints.

– Less Generation availability in Mumbai region.33

Page 34: Presentation to MERC on Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System 58 42/1_MERC-IIT... · Grid Disturbance in Mumbai System ... • Dahanu – Ghodbundar 220 kV ckt 1 and 2 out ... Establishing

Load Growth

Year

Expected Peak  Demand in Mumbai (MW) Generation 

capacity in Mumbai (MW)

Load‐Generation

Gap (MW)R‐Infra

TPCL

+

Best

Total

2010‐11 976 2154 3130 2277 ‐853

2011‐12 1109 2233 3342 2277 ‐1065

2012‐13 1221 2350 3571 2277 ‐1294

2013‐14 1343 2474 3817 2277 ‐1540

2014‐15 1468 2706 4174 2277 ‐189734

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Schemes Considered

• 400 KV Vikhroli sub‐station (TPCL)• 400/220 KV Ghodbundar S/S (R‐Infra)• +/‐ 150 KV, 700 MW  VSC based HVDC

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Conclusion

• Existing 220 kV network is unable to handle future peak demand of 4500 MW

• Additional generation cannot come in (and nearby) Mumbai area

• Additional HV (400 kV) infrastructure has to come to bring power in the Mumbai region

• 400 kV projects are highly important and needs to be taken up at higher priority

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Non‐completion of projects in given time frame would have serious implications on the security of Mumbai power system and possible congestion leading to load shedding. 

The committee recommends that implementation of all the MERC approved projects should be closely monitored by STU to streamline their completion within estimated time period.

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Thank [email protected]

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