U R B A N D E V E L O P M E N T & H O U S I N G D E P A R T M E N T

G O V E R N M E N T O F S I K K I M

1 S T M A Y 2 0 1 3

SIKKIM URBAN DYNAMICS

BACKGROUND

A land-locked state that lies nestled in the Himalayas and bordering Nepal, China, Bhutan and West Bengal. The limited market size within the state / NE Region implies that for most industrial products, the raw materials are to be substantially sourced from outside the state or the finished products have to be sent to markets outside the region, thus adding transportation costs. These are being offset by the transportation subsidy and other suitable incentives.

BACKGROUND

The other major long-term handicap has been the comparative lack of infrastructure. However, construction activity has picked up in the last few years and the Government is focusing on development of roads, urban railway, hydroelectric power plants and Telecommunication infrastructure.

The biggest challenge, however, is the earthquake vulnerability of Sikkim and the high rainfall which hampers all infrastructure development activities and completion schedule.

BACKGROUND

Roads are the key infrastructure connecting Sikkim with the other parts of the country. Railway and airport construction are underway.

Sikkim has a total road length of 2,873 km with a road density of 41 km per 100 sq km.

The state Public Works Department (PWD) and the Border Roads Organization (BRO) maintain the roads. Rail connectivity is under construction between Rangpo in Sikkim and Siliguri in West Bengal.

Airport construction is underway in Pakyong. Helicopter services are available from Bagdogra (West Bengal) to Gangtok.

BACKGROUND

The growth in the Indian economy and its spin-offs are being felt in Sikkim also, which is seeing an all round economic growth .

Apart from demand of goods and services, the quality consciousness of the consumers is also rising.

The spread of communication facilities have acted as boosters for consumer expectations and resultant opportunities in industries, business, and service sectors.

BACKGROUND

The services sector, particularly, hotels, trade and restaurants, public administration and storage are the key drivers of tertiary share growth

In the coming years, other services such as education and healthcare are expected to play a key role in this sector.

The increased role of construction has driven up the secondary sector.

BACKGROUND

There is no large or medium scale industry in the State,

limited infrastructure, raw materials and accessibility. Small-scale industry has grown in the last ten years.

Over half of these units are concentrated in the East Sikkim district. Informal sector plays a key role in the economy, providing employment to around 60,000 people. Most of these are employed in retail trade and agricultural activities.

Most of the upcoming industrial or economic activities in the State will be based on its factor endowments, climatic condition, access to raw material and aspirations of the youth.

Sikkim is opening up its economy for employment opportunities, especially, in the hospitality ,tourism handicraft and pharmaceuticals sectors.

Physical Landscape

>50% of the total Sikkim area lies uninhabited. >43% of geographical area lies in >50% slope category => difficult to use

Entirely hilly with no plain area with altitude from 213m to 8500m .Harsh climate restricts extent of human habitation within altitudes of 3000m

Large portion of Sikkim area lies above and much beyond 3000m. This shows that a large land mass is not available for human activities

Above 3000 m

Below 3000 m

Profile of Land Availability

Above 3000 m

Below 3000 m

81% of State territory under admin control of Forest, Environment & Wildlife Management

Land use classifications reflect a limited 25% of land available for economic uses

Land put to non-agricultural use – 11.7%

Demography

209842

316385

406457

540851

607688

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

population

Population growth

2 4.2

9.4

16.1

9.1 11.07

25

13.34

17.76

29.38

50.77

28.47

33.06

12.36

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

URBANIZATION LEVELS (%)

POPULATION GROWTH RATES(%)

Urban Population Distribution

4648 (3.1%)

5239 (3.5%)

21089 (13.9%)

120750 (79.6%)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

north west south east

Urban population distribution

98658

5874 10326

4648 1230 4009 12194 8895

Urban population distribution

Population distribution in urban centers

Uneven distribution: Lopsided concentration of urban population in Gangtok.

98658

5874 10326

4648 1230 4009 12194 8895

Gangtok Singtam Rangpo Mangan Nayabazar Gyalshing Namchi Jorethang

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN TOWNS

Demographic Projections

PROJECTED STATE

POPULATION (Incremental increase method)

Year State population

2006 5,81,546

2015 6,59,331

2025 7,87,865

2040 10,63,769

PROJECTED URBAN POPULATION

Year Urban Population%

Rural Population %

1991 9 91

2001 11 89

2010 25-30 70-75

2015 40 60

2025 45 55

2040 50 50

Key Challenges

Population growth vs. Uncertainty of Land availability?

Hierarchy of Townships absent.… Lopsided to East

Highly uneven spread puts pressure on planners to accelerate the growth of towns in S & W districts to bridge the gap.

Significant shift of population to east district where the main economic activities exists.

Influx of migrant laborers creates slums

Population density creates gap in service delivery.

Key Challenges

Heavy concentration of population, activities, investment and attention on one region Strain on urban infrastructure, traffic and

transportation problems

High building density & housing shortage, degraded living conditions & quality of life for urban dwellers

Difficulty in urban governance

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE (WATER SUPPLY ,WASTE WATER, SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT, POWER SUPPLY)

DEVELOPMENT GUIDE PLAN,

4 DISTRICT HQ & 20 SMALL TOWNS

DEVELOPMENT GOALS

SHORT TERM MGMT PLAN

MEDIUM TERM PLAN

LONG TERM PLAN

LAND USE STRUCTURE

NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMUNITIES

LAND & AREA REQUIREMENT

RENEWAL &

REJUVINATION

SLUM UPGRADATION & PROVISION OF BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR

TRAFFIC MGMT &PARKING

GREEN LUNG SPACES

FOOT OVER BRIDGES WASTE MANAGEMENT

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN, GANGTOK

PLANNING MOUNTAIN

CITY AT PAKYONG

DEMOGRAPHY

CITY LEVEL (MICRO) APPROACH

COMPREHENSIVE MOBILITY PLAN,

GANGTOK

CONNECTIVITY

OD SURVEYS

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN

PARKING SPACES

CITY MANAGEMENT

SHORT TERM GOALS

APPROACH: Town Upgradation & Beautification

WEST DISTRICT – 4 towns

SOUTH DISTRICT – 6 towns

EAST DISTRCIT – 5 towns

NORTH DISTRICT- 1 town

PER CAPITA INVESTMENT

PER CAPITA INVESTMENT IN

SEWERAGE AND WATER SUPPLY

YEAR Investment ` in lakh

2011-12 5023.85

2012-13 8584.94

JNNURM

Signing of MoA on 13th June 2007.

Sanctioned schemes : 12 nos

Total Cost : 192.94 crores.

UIG : 2

BSUP :3

IHSDP :1

UIDSSMT : 5

Buses:1

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MUNICIPAL

ACT

FORMATION OF 7 ULBs ( 3 tiered)

FRAMING/ REVISION OF

BUILDING BYELAWS

PROPERTY TAX

ULBs- Capacity Building

URBAN GOVERNANCE & CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROACH

DOUBLE ENTRY ACCOUNTING

SYSTEM E-GOVERNANCE

Comparison of Capital Investment

2011-12 Urban population (census

2011)- 151726 Total state plan(6428.71)

&non-plan (785.70)expenditure; Rs.7214.41 lakh

Per capita investment (state own budget); Rs. 4755/person

Total css expenditure; Rs.843.95 lakh

Per Capita Investment (GOI); Rs. 556/person

Total EAP expenditure ;Rs. 734.85 lakh

Per Capita Investment (EAP); Rs. 484/ Person

2012-13 Urban population(census 2011)- 151726 Total state plan(5530.40) &non-plan (886.73)expenditure; Rs.6417.13 lakh Per capita investment (state own budget); Rs. 4229/person Total css expenditure; Rs.249.82 lakh Per Capita Investment (GOI); Rs. 165/person Total EAP expenditure ;Rs. 736.23 lakh Per Capita Investment (EAP); Rs. 485/ Person

INDICATORS URBAN RURAL Population 6,07,688 1,51,726(25%) 4,55,962(75%)

Population (male ) 3,23,070 80,273 (24.8) 2,42,797 (75.2%)

Population (female ) 2,87,507 73305(25.4) 2,14,202 (74.6%) Area 7096 38.250( 0.53% ) 7,057.75(99.47%) Sex ratio 908 883

0 - 6 yrs 64,111 14039(21.8%) 47,038(78.2%)

Sex ratio(0 - 6 )yrs 917 952 Health

Crude birth rate 17.8 16.1 18.1

Death rate 5.6 3.8 5.9 Housing 1,28,131 35,761(27.9%) 92,370(72.1%)

Good 72,442 28,713(39.6%) 43,729(60.4%)

Livable 48,739 6,420(13.1%) 42,319(86.9%) Dilapidated6 ,950 628 (9%) 6,322(91%)

Education 4,49,294 (82.2% LITERACY RATE)

1,22,896(27.3%) 3,26,398(72.7%)

Literates, (M) 253364 67,118(26.4%) 1,86,246(73.6%) Literates,(F) 195930 55,778( 28.4 %) 1,40,152(71.6%)

Work

Total workers3,08,138 64,353(20.9%) 2,43,785(80.1%) Main workers2,30,397 56,715 (24.6) 1,73,682(75.4)

Marginal workers 77,741 7,638(9.8%) 70,103(90.2%) Non-workers 3,02,439 89,225(29.5%) 2,13,214(70.5%)

Work force 50.7 % 42.40% 53.40%

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

500000

Population Population (male ) Population (female ) 0 - 6 yrs

URBAN

RURAL

840

860

880

900

920

940

960

Sex ratio Sex ratio(0 - 6 )yrs

URBAN

RURAL

POPULATION

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

rural urban total

crude birth rate

death rate

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

1,00,000

Housing Good Livable Dilapidated

HOUSING

URBAN

RURAL

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

LITERATES Literates, (M) Literates,(F)

LITERATES

URBAN

RURAL

0

50,000

1,00,000

1,50,000

2,00,000

2,50,000

WORK

URBAN

RURAL

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

Work force

WORK FORCE RATIO

URBAN

RURAL

TOTAL

POLICY OF STATE TOWARDS URBAN DEVELOPMENT

EXISTING STATUS GOVT HAS ALREADY ACCEPTED 1) CITY MOBILITY PLAN FOR GANGTOK 2) GANGTOK STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT 3) NAMCHI STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT 4) GEYZING STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT 5) MANGAN STRUCTURE PLAN REPORT CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN PREPARED FOR GANGTOK

UNDER JNNURM INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND

BEAUTIFICATION OF RINCHENGPONG BAZAAR (TYPICAL HAAT SHED )IN WEST SIKKIM

12th Five Year Plan - focus

Urban renewal & rejuvenation

Improvement of urban linkages – intracity & intercity

Prioritise (alternative?) Mass Transport Systems

Urban Environment & Waste Management (adoption of “Waste to Energy” concept)

ULBs: Capacity Building & Governance

Slum free towns

Physical and financial Progress under RAY upto May 2013

The following activities are complete under RAY: Nearing Completion of Slum Free City action plan for

Gangtok. Socio Economic Survey : Rs 3.04 lakhs (6100 slum HH). State City level technical cell : Feb 2012 .New SLTC has

been appointed from March 13 to March 14. Data entry for survey and upload in website : 90% GIS/MIS: One City level base map and Two slum pockets Preparation of SFCPOA :HUDCO has been appointed as

consultant and the works are ongoing. Pilot DPR : for one slum Bhanugram : Rs 23 crores

complete.

REFORMS UNDER RAY

Property Rights to Slum Dwellers :Due to old Land laws which are protected under 371F of the constitution the State has adopted a policy to address the Property rights within the present legal framework.

Earmarking of at least 25% budget for urban poor: Complete.

Reservation of 25% of all developed land for LIG/EWS : Complete.

Amendment of Rent Control : Complete. Simplification of procedure for sanctioning of building

plans : Ongoing will be complete and adopted by 2014-15.

Review of land use Policies : Non Existent.

SJSRY

Sl nO Component Target Achievement

Percentage

1 USEP 118 73 62

2 UWSP(group enterprise) 9 0 0

3 UWSP ( revolving fund) 18 7 39

4 STEP UP( nos of trainees) 5000 931 19

5 UCDN( community group) 10 0 0

6 UWEP ( Mandays) 15000 16019 107

PROGRESS REPORT OF ONGOING WORKS JNNURM (BSUP/IHSDP)

Sl no

Name of works Cost DOCOM

Phy Progres

Remarks

1 Integrated housing and slum development of Old Slaughter House Gangtok(Phase 1)

388.89 11.2.09 95% Allotment process, ongoing.

2 Integrated housing and slum development of Old Slaughter House Rangpo (Gangtok 1)

2517.19 30.1.10 60% 202 benf. biometric of 150 completed

3 Integrated housing and slum development of Old Slaughter House Gangtok(Phase II)

515.90 27.8.09 75% 4th installment applied not received .Work under progress

4 Infrastructure Development of Notified

1991.88 1.10.10 65% Final installment received .Work

AN ANCIENT MONASTERY AT TOKCHI

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