presentation sanitation
TRANSCRIPT
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The Sulabh two-pit toilet is free from all health hazards and does not
pollute ground water or drinking water sources like hand pumps,
wells etc. if proper precautions are taken during construction.
A Sulabh toilet can be constructed at a distance of 30 feet from awell or a ! feet from a hand-pump and no distance is re"uired if
there is pro#ision of piped water suppl$.
%f there is a space constraint, then the well nearb$ should be
plastered from inside up to 30 feet, so that there is less chance of
pollution. 1
Hand-pump
Well
Sulabh two-pit, pour flush,
compost toilet
15 feet 30 feet
Prevention from Contamination of Ground
Water
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Sulabh StrategySulabh Strategy
Invention of technolog alone cannot improve the livingcondition of the people but this has to be provided at
the doorsteps of the customers and for that matter I
adopted two strategies!
"i# $otivation, %ducation, &ommunication and
'raining
"ii# 'he deliver sstem, Implementation,
maintenance and follow-ups(
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&ontacting the house-owners to
con#ince and persuade them to agree
to the con#ersion of dr$ latrines into
Sulabh Shauchala$as 'toilets(.
)rocessing of forms b$ *rban +ocal
odies.
Sulabh workers complete the
construction of toilets based on the
choice of the houseowner selectedfrom a wide range of design options.
&ertificate of completion is gi#en b$
the beneficiaries.
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Methodology and Delivery System adopted byMethodology and Delivery System adopted by
Sulabh for Construction of Toilets:Sulabh for Construction of Toilets:
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'hereafter, )uarantee &ard is issued withSulabh accepting the responsibilit ofrectifing defects free-of-cost for a period of
one ear(
*s a proof of construction, photograph isalso ta+en of the toilets and beneficiaries(
'his methodolog helped in generating
mutual trust and confidence betweenbeneficiaries, Sulabh and rban ocal.odies(
/or effective deliver sstem of services,vision, dedication, ethics, moralit andfollow-up is essential(
'hus, more than 1( million householdtoilets have been constructedconverted bSulabh(
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In 1973, I introduced the sstem ofmaintenance of public toilets on pay
and use4 basis( Initiall there weres+eptical views about the functioning ofthe technologies and its success(
.ut on the ver first da 500 peopleused the public toilet in atna, .ihar(
However It too+ several ears toconvince the )overnment and thepeople(
%arlier people were not habituated topaing for the use of public toilets(
In Sulabh public toilet comple6es with
attached biogas digesters, the gasesare put to different uses li+e coo+ing,
warming oneself, lighting mantle lampsor power generation(
$ore than 7500 communit based paand use toilet are maintained b Sulabhpresentl(
Public Toilet ComplexesPublic Toilet Complexes
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Cloa room facility at Sulabh
Toilet Complex! Shirdi! "asi!Maharashtra 8
#nside $ie% & 'Dormitory( Sulabh
Toilet Complex at Deoghar!)harhand*
/acilities for loc+ers for +eeping belongings, safe drin+ing
water, telephone facilities, night shelter, health centre,
etc( are provided in Sulabh toilet comple6es(
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+ecycling and+ecycling and
+euse of ,uman+euse of ,uman
WasteWaste
e#eloped technolog$
for rec$cling of human
ecreta through biogasgeneration and on-site
treatment of effluents
for safe reuse without
health or
en#ironmental risk.
Sulabh -ffluent Treatment .S-T/ SystemSulabh -ffluent Treatment .S-T/ System
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Public Toilet linked to Biogas Digester and SulabhPublic Toilet linked to Biogas Digester and Sulabh
Effluent Treatment (SET) deviceEffluent Treatment (SET) device
:'he water discharged is treated b passing it through
sedimentation chamber, sand filter, aeration tan+, charcoal
and through ultra violet ras(
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'he effluent discharged from public toilet, after treatment, becomes
so pure that its .iochemical ;6gen
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/rom public toilets human e6creta goes inside the
digester and biogas is produced without anchemical, bacteria or change agents( ;nl 10-0
+gs( of cow dung is re=uired to be put inside the
digester on the first da of use( 'he biogas produced
is then channeli>ed for lighting mantle lamps,warming oneself in winters, coo+ing and also for
conversion into energ for street lighting(
,uman excreta based 0iogas Technology
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0iogas used for cooing
1se of 0iogas1se of 0iogas
0iogas used to %arm oneself in %inter
0iogas used for lighting of mantle lampsHuman Excreta Based Biogas Digester Linked ToHuman Excreta Based Biogas Digester Linked To
A Public Toilet ComplexA Public Toilet Complex
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Initiall, in the dual fuel genset 80%biogas and 20%diesel were re=uired to run
the engine, but now under the new sstem ignition of compressed biogas is done
through batter operated spar+ sstem(
0iogas used for electricity generation
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Prevention of 2tmospheric Pollution and Global
Warming
1 person produces 1 cubic foot biogas per da
,ence 3 billion people produce 3 billion cubic feet biogas
per day(#n biogas! the methane content is 345
So from 8 billion people, 6*7 billion cubic feet methane is
produced per da
Hence emission of methane into the atmosphere is 89*3
billion cubic metres per year*
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In a septic tan+ sstem gas pipe is re=uired to permit outflow
of gases produced into the atmosphere(
.ut in Sulabh two-pit, pour-flush, compost toilets, vent pipes
are not needed and gases are absorbed in the leach-pits into
the soil(
In Sulabh public toilet comple6es with attached biogas
digesters, the gases are burnt when put to different uses li+ecoo+ing, warming oneself, lighting mantle lamps, etc(
'hus, Sulabh technologies prevent emission of methane into
the atmosphere and reduce global warming and improve
climate change(
Prevention of 2tmospheric Pollution and Global
Warming
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Duc%eed 0ased Waste Water TreatmentDuc%eed 0ased Waste Water Treatment
'his waste water treatment is suitable
for population less than one lac(
* fast growing free floating plant(
?educes .;
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6* S;
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Sulabh Thermophilic 2erobic CompostingSulabh Thermophilic 2erobic Composting
.ST2C/ Technology for Solid Waste Management.ST2C/ Technology for Solid Waste Management
:* plant of )I sheet having double
wall filled with glass wool,partitioned with perforated sheet
into three chambers(
:?e=uires 9 A 10 das to ma+ecompost from an biodegradable
waste(
:Bo manual handling(
It functions at low temperaturealso$ore suitable for housing
colonies, hostels, hill areas( 17S'*&A $a+lorganC "
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The benefits of this technology :The benefits of this technology :
;rganic solid waste can be efficientl converted intomanure and soil conditioner, giving economic return(
It can control diseases transmitted from wasteD as at
high temperature pathogens are eliminated from it(
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$ermi=Composting
1F
It is the end product of thebrea+down of organic
matter b some species of
earthworm(
Germi-compost is a
nutrient rich natural
fertili>er and soil
conditioner( 'he process of producing
vermi-compost is called
vermi-composting(
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0
0enefits of Composting
er for agriculture purpose
?educe the e6penditure of
$unicipal bod on transportation
of Solid Wastes(
?educe the need for new landfill
site
revention of pollution caused b
Solid waste
?educe green house gas(
Compost ready to use
l bh i i i d
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Sulabh #nitiative to%ardsSulabh #nitiative to%ards
+ehabilitation of Scavengers+ehabilitation of Scavengers .oth Sulabh technologies have removed
untouchabilit( Scavengers have beenliberated from the sub-human occupation
of cleaning and carring human e6creta
as head-load for its disposal( 'he were
the worst victim of a cruel social order for
centuries and reduced to the depths of
degradation as untouchablesJ( Bai