k¶o¿Ø\߃

PSALMS

k¶o¿Ø-\-߃°v BapJw

kmln-Xy-cq-]-߃ ]Zyw, KZyw, sNm√p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

Km\-cq-]sØ lo_p-`m-j-bn¬ jo¿ F∂p hnfn-°pw.

Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ Be-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhkvXp-Xn-Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ Be-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhkvXp-Xn-

∏pIsf∂ \ne-b-n¬ A\p-jvTm-\-Ko-X-ß-fmWv (cultic songs)

k¶o¿Ø-\-߃.

]g-b-\n-ba Im\-\n¬ enJn-X-߃ (sI-Øp-_ow) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ KŸßfn¬ ]Y-a-ÿm-\Øv

sXln√nw (= kvXpXn-∏p-Iƒ) F∂mWv lo_p-Im-\-\n¬ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ t]cv. sX^ot√mØv (= A¿∞-\-Iƒ) F∂-XmWv (k¶o 72:20).

ankvtam¿

ankvtam¿ F∂ ]Zw 57 k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Xe-hm-N-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-- v. s]mXp-hm-cm-[-\-bv°p-th- n

Km\-\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v (metric) hnc-Nn-X-amb kvXpXn-∏p-I-fmWv ankvtam¿. Ko°p-`m-j-bn-te°v k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏- -t∏mƒ ankvtam¿ F∂ ]Zw

]vkm¬tamkv (psalmos) F∂m-bn.

k¶o¿Ø\∏pkvX-IsØ apgp-h≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm-\mbnKo°p-`m-j-bn¬ ]vkmƒtØ-cn-tbm≥ (Hcp hmtZym-]-I-

c-W-Øns‚ t]cv) F∂ t]cpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-- v.

enJn-X-cq-]-Øn-em-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-apºv k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ hmNn-I-ambnssIam‰w sNø-s∏´p t]m∂n-cp-∂p. lo_p-`m-j-bn-emWvk¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS aqe-cq]w. Cu `mj-bn¬ \ap-°p-e-`n-®n-´p≈kºq¿Æ enJn-X-cq]w F.-Un. ]Ømw \q‰m-- n-te-Xm-Wv. F.-Un. 1008˛¬ ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-X-s∏´ se\n≥KmUv tImUIvkv AWvF.-Un. 392 ¬ hn. -sPtdmw ]cn-jv°-cn-®-Xp-amb

k¶o¿Ø\∏pkvXI (Gallican Psalter) Øns‚ ssIsb-gpØpk¶o¿Ø\∏pkvXI (Gallican Psalter) Øns‚ ssIsb-gpØp]Xn-Ifpw \ap-°p-- v.

BZy-Im-e-hn-h¿Ø-\-߃ k]vX-Xn-bmWv k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS G‰hpw ]pcm-X-\-ambhnh¿Ø-\w. CXv _n.-kn.-aq∂mw \q‰m-- ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬ CuPn-]vXnse Ae-Ivkm-WvUn-bm-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏´p F∂-XmWv]mc-º-cyw.

FÆsØ kw_-‘n®v

k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS FÆw IW-°m-°p-tºmƒ lo_q (a-t m-dm) ss__nfpw Ko°v (k-]vX-Xn)- -em-‰n≥ (hpƒKm-Ø) X¿÷-a-Ifpw kpdn-bm\n (]vio-Øm) X¿÷-abpw XΩn¬ hyXym-k-ap-- v. BZysØ F´pwAh-km-\sØ aq∂pw k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ amXta aq∂p hn`m-K-ØnepwHtc \º-cn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-≈q.

hn`-P\whn`-P\w

k¶o¿Ø\ KŸsØ A©p-`m-K-ß-fmbn (1˛41; 42-˛72;73˛89; 90˛106; 107˛150) Xncn-°m-dp- v.

anZvdmjv Cu hn`-P-\-sØ-∏‰n C]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p: ìtami Ckm-tb-en\v \nb-a-ß-fpsS ]©-KŸn \¬In. Zmho-Zm-Is´ k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ]©-K-Ÿnbpw.

Bcw-`-hmIyw k¶o 1:1; 42:1; 73:1; 90:1; 107:1 F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

bmlvhnÃnIv kam-lmcwî (k¶o 1-41;90˛150) F∂pw ìFtem-ln-ÃnIv kam-lmcwî (k¶o 42˛89)

Zmho-Zns‚ kam-lmcw (1˛41), tImd-lns‚ ]pX-∑m-cpsS kam-lmcw (42˛49), Zmho-Zns‚ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ (51˛72), Bkm-^ns‚kam-lmcw (50;73-˛83), bmlvhn-ÃnIv A\p-_‘w (84-˛89), bmlvth- -cmP k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ (93˛99), lt√-epøm kam-lmcw (104˛106, 111˛118, 135˛136, 146˛150), Btcm-lW KoX-߃ (120˛134)

io¿j-I-߃

ap∏Øn-\m-seÆw HgnsI, F√m k¶o¿Ø-\-߃°pw HcpXe-hm-NIw tN¿Øn-´p-- v. Cu Xe-hm-N-I-߃ k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS A\p-t]-£-Wob `mK-a-√, F¶nepw, atkmdmss__nƒ Chsb H∂mw hmIy-ambn IW-°m-°p-∂p.

Xe-hm-N-I-ßsf Bdp s]mXp-K-W-ß-fmbn Xncn-°mw.

1) kmln-Xy-cq-]-kq-N-I-߃, 2) kmt¶-Xn-I-cm-K-kq-N-I-߃, 3) Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-kq-N-I-߃, 4) Km\-co-Xn-Iƒ 5) Ihn-kq-N-I-߃, 6) Ncn-X-kw-`-h-kq-N-I-߃.

Km\-co-Xn-Iƒ Gsg-Æ-amWv k¶o¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

DZv`-h-N-cn-Xhpw ]mc-º-cyhpw

]ecpw k¶o¿Ø-\-ßsf Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-]-c-amb sshZn-I-Ir-Xn-I-fmbpw, hy‡n-K-X-Ko-X-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-ambpw IW-°m-°p-∂p, ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw ssZhm-e-b -Km-b-I-cp-am-bn-cn°mw Ah cNn-®-Xv.

Zmho-Zns‚ t]cn¬ 73 k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wp-≈-sX-¶nepw ssIkvXh]mc-ºcyw k¶o¿Ø-\-K-Ÿ-a-∏msS Zmho-Zn-t‚-Xmbn Icp-Xp-∂p. HcpA\mYî Io¿Ø-\-amb 95˛mw-k-¶o¿Ø-\sØ sl_m 4:7 ¬ Zmho-Zn-t‚-Xmbn ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn-¬\n∂v ta¬]-d™ ]h-WX BZy-\q-‰m-- p-Iƒ apX¬Xs∂ D- m--bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p a\ nem-°mw.

a°-_m-b-°m-cpsS Ime-L´whsc (_n.-kn. 170˛140) B NcnXw \ofp-∂p. ]ntºm-´p-t]m-bm¬ AXv Ckm-tb-ens‚ NcnXw apgp-h\pw hym]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂p.

_n.-kn. 300¬ k¶o¿Ø-\-KŸw \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ 1000 h¿j-°m-e-sa∂v s]mXpth HcpIme-L´w ]ecpw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.

CtX-∏‰n sP.-F¬. a°≥kn ]d-bp-∂p. hy‡n-K-X-Ko-

Ime-\n¿Æbw

CtX-∏‰n sP.-F¬. a°≥kn ]d-bp-∂p. hy‡n-K-X-Ko-X-߃ kaq-l-]-c-ambn; kzIm-cy-]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Bcm-[-\-I-a-ambn, ]mtZ-in-Im-cm-[-\m-Ko-X-߃ Pdp-ktewssZhm-e-b-Ko-X-ß-fmbn; cmP-kvXp-Xn-Iƒ c£-I-kvXp-Xn-I-fmbn; Ncn-X-]-c-am-bh bpKm-t¥ym-∑p-J-ambn

(Dictionary of the Bible, 703).

1) k¶o¿Ø-\-Øn\v Ckm-tb-ens‚ Ncn-X-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w. `mjm-ssien,

2) Ckm-tb-ens‚ c£m-I-c-N-cn-X-kw- -h-ß-fpsS kqN-\-Iƒ ]q¿∆-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS ]mc-ºcyw, ]pd-∏m-Sp-kw- -hw, ko\mbv shfn-]m-Sv, hmKvZ-Ø-`q-an-bn¬ ]thiw XpS-ßn-bh ]pcm-X-\Xz kqN-\-I-fm-Imw.

3) Zmho-Zns‚bpw Pdp-ksew tIµ-am-°n-bp≈ Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-ß-3) Zmho-Zns‚bpw Pdp-ksew tIµ-am-°n-bp≈ Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hnc-Nn-X-am-b-h-bn¬ ImWp∂ km[m-c-W-]-ta-b-ß-fm-Wv, hmKvZm-\-t]-SIw kotbm-\n-te°p sIm- p-h-cp-∂Xv (132), kotbms\ ssZhw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv (46; 48; 76; 78; 68; 69), cmPy-ÿm-]\w (89:4-5; 132:11-12) XpS-ßn-bh.

4) hy‡n-K-X-amb ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ an°-hmdpw F√mwXs∂ hn]-hm-k-Øn\p apºp-≈-h-bm-Wv. kaq-l-Øns‚ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ

5) Ime-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p-]-Icn-°p∂ GXm\pw ssieo-]-tbm-K-߃

(a) ap∏-tXmfw k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ ìA\hnwî ]tbmKw. Gi 14:30 -32 epw sk^m 2:3; 3:12 Ch-bn-ep-amWvCXv hy‡-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Cu Ime-L´w _n.-kn. 740 apX¬ 621 hsc Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

(b) F´p k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ Ahn-SpsØ \ma-sØ-]Xn F∂ ]tbmKw Psd-anb (14:7,21), Fsk-°n-tb¬ (20:9,14), c- mw Giø (48:9,11) F∂n-h¿°p apºm-bn-cn-°m≥ hgn-bn-√. _n.-kn. 5˛4 \q‰m-- p-I-fn-te-XmWv Cu k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ _n.-kn. 5˛4 \q‰m-- p-I-fn-te-XmWv Cu k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ F∂mWv s]mXp-hn-ep≈ \nK-a\w (23;25;31;79;106;109;115;143).

(c) ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ CX-c-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ]Xy-£s∏-Sp-∂- Nnekmln-Xy-cq-]-ßfpw Ime-K-W-\bv°v klm-b-I-am-Wv. \mlpw1:2˛11 ¬ ImWp∂ A]q¿∆-amb A£-c-am-em-t«mIw hn]-hm-k-Øn-\p-apºv Cu kmln-Xy-cq]w \ne-hn-en-cp-∂n-cp∂p F∂pkqN\ \¬Ip-∂p.

_n.-kn. 100˛¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ a°-_m-b-°m-cpsS H∂mw]pkvX-I-Øn¬ k¶o, 79:2˛3 D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (1 a° 7:17) k¶o¿Ø-\-∏p-kvX-I-Øns‚ km∂n-≤ysØ Adn-bn-

k¶o¿Ø-\-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w

7:17) k¶o¿Ø-\-∏p-kvX-I-Øns‚ km∂n-≤ysØ Adn-bn-°p-∂p. 3) kndm-°ns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ]mcw-`-Øn¬]cm-a¿in-®n-´p≈ enJn-X-ß-fn¬ k¶o¿Ø\ KŸ-hpwDƒs∏-´n-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ _n.-kn. 190 \p apºv AXp ]q¿Æ-cq]w ]m]n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v A\p-am-\n-°mw.

k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-߃

At¥ym-Iy≥ kvIqfn¬s∏´ sam]vtkz-kvXym-bnse sXb-tUm¿ (+428) `qcn-`mKw k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw hn]-hmkIme-tØ-Xmbn Icp-Xn.

tPm¨ Int mkvtXmw (+407), sXb-tUm-sc‰v (+466) F∂n-h-cm-Is´ Nne k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ c£-Is\ kw_-‘n-®-h-bm-sW-∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

Ae-Ivkm-- vdn-b≥ kvIqfnse ]ap-J¿ Hcn-P≥ (+254), AØ-\m-kn-Ae-Ivkm-- vdn-b≥ kvIqfnse ]ap-J¿ Hcn-P≥ (+254), AØ-\m-kn-bqkv (+373), kndnƒ, (+444) F∂nh-cm-Wv. Ch¿ k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsShmNym¿∞-hym-Jym\w, ssZh-\n-th-in-X-amb B[ym-fln-I-sh-fn-®-Øns‚ hni-I-e\w k`m-fl-Ihpw kaq-l-]-c-hp-amb ]m¿∞-\-bpsSkz`mhw F∂nhbn¬ IqSp-X¬ i≤ sNep-Øn.

k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS cq]-hn-a¿i-\m-fl-I-]-T\ (form-critical study)

Øns‚ ]tW-Xm-°-fm-bn-h∂ sl¿a≥ Kp¶¬ (1862˛1932), kn‹- vtamhn-¶¬ (1884˛1965) F∂n-h¿ khn-ti-j-i≤ A¿ln-°p-∂p.

Kp¶-ens‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ A©p kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fmWv k¶o¿Ø-\-߃°p-≈-Xv. kvXpXn-Iƒ, P\-Øns‚ hnem-]-߃, hy‡n-bpsS hnem-]-߃, hy‡n-bpsS KoX-߃, IrX-⁄-Xm-Ko-X-߃ F∂n-h. IqSmsX ]Z-£n-W-Ko-X-߃, tXmdm-Ko-X-߃, Bin¿∆m-Z-Io¿Ø-\-߃, cmP-kvXp-Xn-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw D- v.

tamhn-¶¬ ]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-bn¬ Kp¶-ens\ A\p-I-cn-s®-¶nepw Bcm-[-\m-

\p-jvTm-\-]-c-amb (cultic) k¶o¿Ø-\-k-µ¿ -Øn\p henb ]m[m\yw\¬In. kzIm-cy-k-¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS AkvXnXzwXs∂ At±lw \ntj-[n-°p-∂p. °p-∂p.

tamhn-¶¬ k¶o¿Ø-\-ßsf c- p hn`m-K-ambn Xncn®p; ]pXp-h-’-c-Øn-cpv-\m-fn-t\mSpw bmlvthbpsS knwlmk-\m-tcm-l-W-tØmSpw _‘-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw ZpjvS-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-tfmSp _‘-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw.

Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏-SmØ k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ (cult-free

psalms) tamhn-¶-ens‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ hn⁄m-\-Ko-X-ßfpw t_m[-\-Ko-X-ßfpw amX-am-Wv.

k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kmln-Xy-hn-`m-K-߃

1. kvXpXn-IƒkvXpXn-bpsS LS\:

• ssZhsØ kvXpXn°phm≥ Blzm\w• kvXpXn ˛ s]m-Xp-hmb hnh-c-W-߃• D]kwlmcw• D]kwlmcw

2. hnem-]-߃• P\-Øns‚ hnem]w• hy‡n-bpsS hnem]w

3. ]Xym-i-bp-sSbpw hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw k¶o¿Ø-\-߃4. IrX-⁄-Xm-k-¶o¿Ø-\-߃5. cmP-Io-b -˛- sa-k-bm-\nI k¶o¿Ø-\-߃6. ]t_m-[\ k¶o¿Ø-\-߃

Ckm-tb-ens‚ ssZhw k¶o¿Ø-\ß-fn¬

I¿Ømhv (bm-lvth): bmlvth ìCkm-tb-ens‚ ssZh-amWv.Ckm-tb-ens\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu ì\mawî ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kIehn⁄m-\hpw KpW-K-W-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. kotbm-\n-ep≈ I¿Øm-hns‚km∂n-≤ysØ ì\mawî kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn a\- n-em-°mw.

ssZh\ma hntijW߃ ]cn-ip≤n (Jm-tZm-jv)

ssZhw (G¬, Ftem-l, Ftem-lnw)

AXyp∂X≥ (Fev-tbm≥) cmPmhv (sa-se-Iv) ]cn-ip-≤≥ (JmtZm-jv) \mY≥ (A-tZm≥)

alXzw (Im-t_m-Zv) \oXn (s -sZIv ˛ vZm°m) \ymbw (an-jv]m-Øv) ImcpWyw (sl-s -Zv) kXyw- -hn-iz-kvXX (F-sa-Øv- -F-aq-\m) _ehpw i‡nbpw

ssZh-Øns‚ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ krjvSn ]cn-]m-e\ c£

Ckm-tb¬ ˛ ssZh-P\w

1. Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\wCkm-tb-ens‚ aXm-flI PohnXw ssZhn-I-Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-h-gn-bmWv Ah¿ ssZh-P-\-am-bXv (135-˛4). DSºSn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amWv ssZhhpw Ckm-tbepw XΩn-DSºSn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amWv ssZhhpw Ckm-tbepw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w.

2. Bcm-[-\m-k-aqlwk`,î ìalm-k`î Fs∂-√m-amWv Ckm-tb-ens\ k¶o¿Ø-\-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

ssZhm-e-bhpw Bcm-[-\bpw

1. ssZhm-ebw

2. sPdp-k-sew ñ˛ -ko-tbm≥

3. Xo¿∞m-S\w ˛ Bcm-[\

ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ ]m¿∞n-°p∂ hy‡n

1. hy‡nsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ

]Z-]-tbm-K-Øn¬ ìa\p-jy≥î(a¿Xy≥) ssZhsØ FXn¿Øp\nev°p-∂-h-\m-sW-∂mWv k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (9:19˛20; 56:1; 116:11; 118:6; 124:2; A]-hmZw 32:2; 84:5; 12).124:2; A]-hmZw 32:2; 84:5; 12).

icocwî(P-Uw), ìBflmhvî, ìlrZ-bwî, ìAcq]nî F∂o hm°p-Iƒ km[m-cW D]-tbm-Kn-®p-Im-Wp-∂p. Ch-tbmSv _‘-s∏-SpØn ìPoh≥, i‡n, Aÿn, A¥-cw-Kw, DZ-cw, \b-\w, Bbp vîXpS-ßnb hm°p-Ifpw Npcp-°-ambn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-- v.

kIe Poh-Pm-e-ßsfbpw (136,25) F√m a\p-jy-scbpw (65:2; 145:21) ìicocwî F∂ hm°v ]Y-aXx kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, a\p-jys‚ _e-lo-\-ambkz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-bmWv CXp IqSp-X¬ kµ¿ -ß-fnepw A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv.

Bflmhvî F∂ hm°v _mly-amb Hcp-a-\p-jym-h-b-h-sØbpw a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bpsS B¥-cn-Im-h-ÿ-sbbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn v k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p.

a\p-jys‚ Nn¥-bp-sSbpw Xocp-am-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Dd-hnSw lrZ-b-amWv (10:6; 15:2; 20:4). kt¥m-jhpw kam-[m-\hpw `bhpw thZ-\bpw Ah≥ A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-sS-bmWv.

lrZ-b-tØmSp kam-¥-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn®p ImWp∂ Hcp hm°mWv Acq]n.

k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kmln-Xy-cq-]-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p-Xs∂ ASn-ÿm\-ambnkzoI-cn-°m-dp-f-f-XmWv Rm≥, R߃ F∂o k¿∆-\m-a-ß-fpsS ]tbm-Kw.

ìhy‡n-bpsS KoX-ß-sf∂pw kaq-l-Øns‚ KoX-ß-sf∂pw k¶o¿Ø-\-߃°p Xcw-Xn-cnhp Iev]n-°m-dp-- v.

]m¿∞n-°p∂ hy‡n kaq-lsØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p-sh∂ kn≤m-¥-Øn-eq-∂n-bmWv k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-sf-sb√mwXs∂ cmP-Iob KoX-ß-fmbnImWp-hm≥ Nne¿ ]cn-i-an-°p-∂-Xv.

2. hy‡n-bpsS ]tXyI ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ

ssZhtØmSp≈ _‘w kw_‘n®v

ssZh-hp-ambn \√ _‘w ]pe¿Øp∂ ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xnsb ]cm-a¿in-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-Øns‚ KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂-h-\m-bn-´mWv hy‡n Xs∂-Øs∂ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

\oXn-am≥î F∂ kw⁄ IqSp-X¬ ]mhiyw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-XmbnImWmw.

k¶o¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ kpe- -am-Wv. ìZmk≥î F∂Xvv sZh-tØm-Sp≈hnt[-b-Xz-sØbpw _‘-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

as‰mcp KWw kw⁄-Iƒ t¢iw A\p- -hn-°p∂ hy‡n Xs‚B¥-cn-Im-hÿ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. ì]oUn-X≥î (9:18; 10:2,9; 14:6; 18:28...), ìZcn-Z≥î (40:17; 69:33; 70:5; 72:4; 86:1...) F∂nh Ch-bn¬ apº-¥n-bn¬ ImWmw. ìlrZbwXI¿∂-h¿î ìa\apcp-In-b-h¿î (34:18; 51:17; 147:3), ìapdn-th-‰-h¿î (69:26, 29) Ahbpw CtX Ahÿsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

t¢i-߃ kw_-‘n®v

ssZh-Øns‚ Akm-∂n-[yhpw iXp-hns‚ tZml-hp-amWv F√m-bn-SØpw t¢i-Im-c-W-ambn FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

\nµ-\w, e÷, A]-am-\w F∂o ÿnXn hnti-j-ß-fn-\nµ-\w, e÷, A]-am-\w F∂o ÿnXn hnti-j-ß-fn-emWv t¢i-߃ km[m-cW ]Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

t¢i-ßsf imco-cnI i‡n-I-fpsS Xf¿®-bmbnk¶o¿Ø-\-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p (31:10; 38:10; 71:9). hy‡n°v ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn¬ kw`-hn®XI¿®-bmWv Ah-b-h-ß-fpsS i‡n £bn®p F∂p]d-bp-tºmƒ A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv.

iXp-hns\ kw_-‘n®v

hy‡nsb ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v AI-‰p∂-h-\mWv k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fnse iXp.

iXp-hns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ][m\ kw⁄-Iƒ ìiXp,î ì hntZz-j-I≥,î ìFXn-cmfn,î F∂n-h-bmWv. ìiXpî Ckm-tb-ens‚int£m-]-I-c-W-am-bmWv km[m-cW ]Xy-£-s∏-SpI (tehy26; \nb28; \ymbm 2:14; Gi 10:5˛19). ssZh-sØbpw ssZh- -‡-s\bpw shdp-°p-∂-h-\mWv ìhntZz-j-I≥î ˛ aXm-[n-jvTn-X-ambHcp hntZzjw Xs∂. hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cmb hnPm-Xo-bcpw (tehyHcp hntZzjw Xs∂. hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cmb hnPm-Xo-bcpw (tehy26:17; k¶o 9:13; 25:19; 44:7; 118:7) aX-ap-t]-£n® Ckm-tb¬°mcpw (]pd 20:5; \nb 7:10) C°q-´-Øn¬s]Spw.

hy‡nsb ssZh-Øn¬\n∂-I-‰p∂ G‰hpw henb iXp-hmbnk¶o¿Ø-I≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ac-W-sØ-bm-Wv. acWw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p≈ th¿]n-cn-bepw ]mXm-f-Øn-te-°p≈ Ka-\-hp-am-sW∂v Ah≥ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p.

]n¥p-S-cp-I, Iog-S-°p-I, \in-∏n-°pI Ch aq∂p-amWv iXp-hns‚]hr-Øn-I-fmbn k¶o¿Ø-I≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

]m¿∞-\sb kw_-‘n®v

]m¿∞-\-bn¬ k¶o¿Ø-I≥ ][m-\-]m¿∞-\-bn¬ k¶o¿Ø-I≥ ][m-\-ambpw e£yw hbv°p-∂Xv ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ sFIyw, t¢i-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈

ap‡n, iXp-hns‚ \miw F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

k¶o¿Ø\w 1: c- ph-gn-Iƒ

1. hr£w t]mse-bp≈ \oXn-am≥

2. ]Xn-cp-t]m-se-bp≈ ZpjvS≥2. ]Xn-cp-t]m-se-bp≈ ZpjvS≥

G‰vkvî F∂mWv hr£-Øn\p ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ lo_p ]Z-sa-¶n¬ ìtam‰vkvî F∂-XmWv]Xn-cp-]-Zw.

XnI®pw kzIm-cy- -Km¿ln-I-]-›m-Ø-e-amWv CXn-t‚Xv F∂K¿sès_¿K-dpsS A`n-]m-b-Øn\p kam-¥-c-ambn tZhm-e-b-Ønse cmP-Io-b-]m¿∞-\-bm-Wn-sX∂ A`n-]m-bhpw (sa-dn¬, Cu‰≥, Imhpkv XpS-ßn-b-h¿) Zmho-Zp-Xs∂ Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-sW∂ tlmtfm-sUbpsS A`n-]m-bhpw Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp-am-Xw. _m_n-tem¨]hm-k-Øn-\p-tijw cmPm-hn-√mØ

k¶o¿Ø\w 23: cmPmhn√m°me-sØmcp CS-bkz]v\w

am-Xw. _m_n-tem¨]hm-k-Øn-\p-tijw cmPm-hn-√mØImeØv hnc-Nn-X-amb H∂m-bncn°mw CXv F∂ A`n-]m-b-amWv k¶o¿Ø-\-k-]-cy-°m-c-\p-≈-Xv.

LS\:1. I¿Øm-hv CS-b≥ (hm.1)

2. CS-bs‚ ]cn-]m-e\w (hm.2-˛6a)3. CS-bs‚ Be (hm. 6b)

\ndhp \evIp∂ CS-b≥ (hm.1): ëCS-b≥í (tdm-G)

AsZm-Wmbv tdmCu tem Flvkm¿í

iXp-°ƒ°p apºn¬h®p _lp-am-\n-X-\m-hpI F∂ Nn¥m-KXnB.C. 14-˛mw \q‰m-- nse Aa¿Wm-te-J-\-ß-fnepw ]I-S-am-Wv. X\n-°mbn ssZhw sNøp∂ h≥Im-cy-߃ I- v iXp-°ƒ X\n-°mbn ssZhw sNøp∂ h≥Im-cy-߃ I- v iXp-°ƒ e÷n-°p∂p F∂p hywKw.

InkvXphpw 23-˛mw k¶o¿Ø-\hpw: ìRm≥ \√ CS-b-\m-Ip∂pî F∂p ]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm- v InkvXp 23˛mw k¶o¿Ø-\-ØnseCS-bs‚ ÿm\w kzbw Gs‰-SpØp (tbml 10; 1]tXm 2:25; 5:4).