presentation on wap[2].ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Presentation on WAP
Keerti SharmaAugust 2002
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Agenda
What is WAP ?
Limitations of Internet for wireless applications
WAP Architecture / protocol stack
WAP Components / WML
WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices
Conclusion
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What is WAP ?
WAPThe Wireless Application Protocol Makes it possible to access the Internet via wireless
devices such as mobile phones, PDAs etc.
Set of rules governing transmission/reception of data
by wireless devices (e.g. mobile phones)
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Limitations of Internet for
Wireless ApplicationsTraditional Internet applications cannot run on mobile
devices because of the following limitations:
Low bandwidth network High Latency network
Limited connection stability
Small display size
Limited input facility
Limited memory
Limited processing power
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Limitations of Internet (contd)
Low bandwidth Size of an HTML page, including graphics 20 KB
Download time (56Kbps modem) 3 s
Bandwidth of wireless network 9.6Kbps
Download time for data on one page 17 s
High latency At the expiry of retransmission timer value, the TCP layer resends the
packet of data An average latency in a wireless network is around s but can be as high
as 10s
This can cause a lot of retransmission causing severe congestion
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Limitations of Internet (contd)
Limited connection stability
Small display size
Limited input facility
Limited memory
Limited processing power
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WAP Architecture/Protocol Stack
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WAP Architecture (contd)
.
Web Server
Content
CGI
Scripts
etc.
WMLDecks
withWM
L-Script
WAP Gateway
WML Encoder
WMLScriptCompiler
Protocol Adapters
Client
WML
WML-
Script
WTAI
Etc.
HTTPWSP/WTP
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WAP Architecture (contd)
.
WAP Application Server
Content
Application
Logic
W
MLDecks
withWML-Script
WML Encoder
WMLScript
Compiler
Protocol Adapters
ClientWML
WML-
Script
WTAI
Etc.
WSP/WTP
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WAP Architecture (contd)
WAE - holds the tools that wireless Internet contentdevelopers use.
WSP - determines whether a session between thedevice and the network will be connection-oriented orconnectionless.
WTP - acts like a traffic cop, keeping the data flowingin a logical and smooth manner. It also determineshow to classify each transaction request:
Reliable two way (WTP/C)
Reliable one way (WTP/T)
Unreliable one way (WTP/D)
WTLS - provides many of the same security featuresfound in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) part ofTCP/IP.
WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer to avariety of bearers because all that needs to change is
the information maintained at this level.
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WAP Architecture (contd)
.
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WAP Architecture (contd)
In a real WAP solution, the main components include: WAP Device
Bearer
WAP Gateway
Content
Content Server
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WAP Components (contd)
WAP Gateway
Encoder: converts WML to binarized WML
Adaptor: provides additional information throughHTTP header
Translate HTTP requests to WSP.
Convert between SSL and WTLS
Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)
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WAP Components (contd)
WML (Wireless Markup Language) An XML-based markup language that describes how WAP content is
presented on a wireless terminal
Differs from HTML in the following WML was specifically designed for wireless terminals with a target screen that
is only a few lines long and about an inch wide.
WML is case sensitive, and all tags and attributes should be in lowercase.
Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly nested tags.
WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is available for userinput.Based on these differences, WML provides a smaller, telephony-aware set of tags that make it more appropriate than HTML forhandheld wireless terminals.
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WAP Components (contd)
WML Contd Card metaphor
User interactions are split into cards
Navigation occurs between cards
Explicit inter-card navigation model
Hyperlinks
History
State management and variables
Reduce network traffic
Results in better caching
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Example of WML
.Card
Input
Elements
Navigation
Variables
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A Deck of Cards
.
Acme Inc.
DirectoryServices
Email
Phone
Fax
Acme Inc.
Directory
_____________
Next
Services
1>Email
2 Phone____________
OK
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WAP brings Internet to Hand-
held DevicesWAP handles limited bandwidth Minimizes traffic over wireless interface
WSP layer, too, is binary encoded WTP is not only designed to minimize amount of data but also number of
transactions
WAP handles high latency WAE uses scripting to avoid round trip delays, e.g. by validating user input locally
WTAI environment introduces a repository to hold services that should be started
in response to an event in mobile network, e.g. incoming call.
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WAP brings (contd)
WAP handles less stable connections The sessions supported by WSP are assumed to be long-lived.
WTP layer has been kept very simple compared to TCP WTP supports selective retransmission of data
WAP handles small displays WML structures its documents in Decks & Cards
When an application is executed, user navigates through a series of cards
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=kokomojr-tvchimp.com/photos/playing-cards-spread.GIF&imgrefurl=http://kokomojr-tvchimp.com/mem-playing-cards.htm&h=280&w=371&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplaying%2Bcards%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=kokomojr-tvchimp.com/photos/playing-cards-spread.GIF&imgrefurl=http://kokomojr-tvchimp.com/mem-playing-cards.htm&h=280&w=371&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplaying%2Bcards%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN -
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WAP brings (contd)
WAP handles limited input facilities The WML elements can be easily be implemented without much input required from
the key-board
Deck & Cards model requires minimal navigation between pages
Soft buttons or user-definable keys are also supported by WML
WAP handles limited memory and CPU Defining a light weight protocol stack Limited functionality provided by WML & WMLScript
Binary encoding of WML & WMLScript
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Conclusion
WAP provides a microbrowser optimized for wirelessdevices Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display, CPU and keys
WAP Offers Bearer Independence Allows Applications developed once to work across all networks
Protects the Carriers investment in wireless data as networks evolve
Enables Mobile Device Manufacturers to use common code across products
WAP Offers Device Independence Allows applications developed once to work across devices from smallhandsets to powerful PDAs
Promotes consistent user experience across all of a carriers handset offerings
Encourages a wealth of applications for handset manufacturers
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Some WAP applications
Location-based services Real-time traffic reporting
Event/restaurant recommendation
Highly customized ads
Instant messaging-type buddy location
Enterprise solutions Email access
Database access
A global intranet
Information updates pushed to WAP
devices
Financial services Banking
Bill-paying
Stock trading Funds transfers
Travel services Schedules and rescheduling
Reservations
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Some known WAP Services
123Jump (http://www.123jump.com)A selection of stock data & news, all via WAP
Ajaxo (http://www.ajaxo.com)A WAP service for wireless stock trading from any WAP enabled device
2PL WorldWide Hotel Guide (http://wap.2pl.com)A hotel guide, accessible in multiple languages via WAP enabled device
Traffic Maps (http://www.webraska.com)A French service that monitors and shows latest traffic news via maps
http://www.123jump.com/http://www.ajaxo.com/http://wap.2pl.com/http://www.webraska.com/http://www.webraska.com/http://wap.2pl.com/http://www.ajaxo.com/http://www.123jump.com/ -
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WAP demo
http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asp -
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Next presentation will cover
WAP 2.0
Integrating JAVA with WAP
Push Technology in WAP
Using WAP with Bluetooth
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References 1.
http://www.wapforum.org
http://www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htm
http://wap.sonyericsson.com/http://www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.html
http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/
http://www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asp
http://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdf
http://www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.asp?btob=Y
http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asp
http://www.wapforum.org/http://www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htmhttp://wap.sonyericsson.com/http://www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.htmlhttp://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/http://www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asphttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.asp?btob=Yhttp://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asphttp://www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.asp?btob=Yhttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asphttp://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/http://www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.htmlhttp://wap.sonyericsson.com/http://www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htmhttp://www.wapforum.org/ -
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References 2.
Professional WAP
WAPA Beginners Guide by Dale Bulbrook
Wireless Crash Course by Bedell
Cracking the CodeWAP, Bluetooth & 3G
Programming
WAP Integrationby Vujosevic & LabergeWAP 2.0 Development by Tull