PRESENTATION ON

THE

INDO-EUROPEAN

FAMILY OF LANGUAGES

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

The most widely studied language family

More than half of the world's population speak

one or more of these languages.

The term Indo-European was previously coined as

Aryan, and later on Indo Germanic.

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Members of The Indo-European Family of Languages

Note: Two other branches of Indo-European family Hittie and Tocharianare now extinct.

These are not shown in the above diagram.

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA,

DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Vedas

The use of Sanskrit

extended afterward

Panini and the transition

of Vedic Sanskrit

Two epics, the Mahabharatha

and the Ramayana

Prakrits and Pali

Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi and Marathi descendents of

dialects

Indian

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Iranian Covers the Northwest of India and the great plateau of Iran.

Linked with the Indian branch.

Expansion of the language carried as remote as southern Russia and

central China.

Iranian

Avestan Persian

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

AVESTAN: Of AVESTA- sacred book of

Zrastrians- sometimes called zend.

OLD PERSIAN: Preserved-conquests-

Daries,Xerxes.

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Armenian

Found in a small area south of the Caucasus

Mountains and the eastern end of the Black Sea.

Entrance, between the eighth and sixth centuries B.C.

Balkans, Hellespont

Influences of some consonant shifting

Lack of grammatical gender

No link with any other Indo European languages.

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

The Phrygians

Limitations

Its rising

Armenian literature

Persian domination

Other languages in vocabulary.

Armenian Manuscripts

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Balto-Slavic

Balto-Slavic

Baltic Slavic

Baltic

Prussian Latvian Lithuanian

Slavic

East

Slavic

West

Slavic

South

Slavic

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA,

DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

BALTIC

Prussian: Displaced- German-19th century

Letic: 2 million, Lativa

Lithunian: 3 million- Lithunia

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

SALVIC EAST SALVIC: Great Russian, White Russian, Little

Russian(Ukrainian)

WEST SALVIC: Polish, Czechoslovakian, Sorbian(Wend).

SOUTH SALVIC: Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian

Bible and certain liturgical texts represents salvic

language.

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Hittie

The oldest recorded branch

The term taken from the translation of the

Hebrew Bible

Records are on clay tablet

The Hittites were ancient Anatolian people

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

Gothic, is the principal language of East Germanic.

Burgundian and Vandalic.

North Germanic is found in Scandinavia, Denmark, Iceland and

the Faroe Islands.

Germanic

East Germanic

North Germanic

West Germanic

Germanic

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE, Section ‘C’

West Germanic

High German Low German

Middle, Rhenish, East Franconian Bavarian and Alemannic

dialects of High German

Old Saxon, Old Low Franconian, Old Frisian and Old

English.

Old Frisian and Old English constitute Anglo-Frisian

Old Low Franconian, with some mixture of Frisian and Saxon

constitute Dutch and Flemish.

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Hellenic

Geographical position

Five dialectal groups

Attic the mostly studied dialect

Place of greats’ assemblage

Attic, base of Koine

Local differentiation of Koine and Modern Greek.

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Albanian

Modern remnant of Illyrian

Vocabulary is mixed

Slowly recognized

Formerly classed with Hellenic group

Now independent recognition

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

Added in the Indo-European language family in

the 20th century.

Some fragmentary texts discovered

Belongs to the Indo-European family along with

the Hellenic, Italic, Germanic and Celtic groups.

Tocharian

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Italic Branch

Derived from Latin

Settlements from different parts of the world.

Etruscan, Lingurian, Venetic, Messapian and Greek,

spoken earlier.

Latin gradually getting dominant.

Latin declined

Italic

Latin Umbrian Oscan

Italic

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

Main linguistic groups in Iron-Age Italy and environs. Some of those languages have left very little evidence, and their classification is quite uncertain. The Punic language brought to Sardinia by the Carthaginians coexisted with the indigenous and non-Italic Paleo-Sardinian, or Nuragic.

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italic, prominent

Romance language

Romanian, Catalon, Galician, Rhaeto-Romanic,

Wallon- minor Romanian

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Celtic Language of the Celts in Gaul is known as Gallic

Goidelic or Gaelic Celts

Brythonic Celts

Cornish became extinct in the eighteenth century

Manx has died out since World War II

Gaelic is found in the Highlands and spoken by 75,000

people.

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

Gaelic is found in the Highlands and spoken by 75,000 people.

Welsh is spoken about one-quarter of the people

Irish

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

SANSKRIT, SEM-II,PAPER- GENERIC LECTIVE,SANSKRIT AND OTHER MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE,Section ‘C’

COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. ASIS BHATTACHARYA, DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE

THANK YOU