POWER POINT PRESENTATION (PPT) FOR INDUSTRIAL WORK DONE IN BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED(BSNL)

PRESENTED BY:MD SAMIUDDINREG.NO:1210413432(4-D)DEP:ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION(ECE)GITAM UNIVERSITY

STORY OF BSNL:Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is an Indian state-

owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi.

Chief executive officer of BSNL is shri anupam srivastava.

The estimated revenue in the year 2014 is 297 billion(INR).

Government of india is the founder of BSNL.BSNL was founded on september15,2000.Total assets of BSNL were estimated to be

893billion(INR).

COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES USED IN BSNL:Wired communication:1. Optical fiber communication.2. Telephone networks.

Wireless communication:1. Wireless antenna communication.2. Wireless broad band communication.

WIRED AND WIRELESS NETWORKS:

Optical fiber communication:Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting

information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber.

1950s: In London, England, Indian physicist Narinder Kapany (1927–) and British physicist Harold Hopkins (1918–1994) managed to send a simple picture down a light pipe made from thousands of glass fibers. After publishing many scientific papers, Kapany earned a reputation as the "father of fiber optics.

A fiber-optic cable is made up of 100 or more incredibly thin strands of glass or plastic known as optical fibers. Each one is less than a tenth as thick as a human hair and can carry 10 million telephone calls. Fiber-optic cables carry information between two places using entirely optical (light-based) technology.

APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION IN BSNL:TELECOMMUNICATIONS:1. Long-distance telecommunications.2. Inter exchange junction.3. Fiber in the loop(FITL). VIDEO TRANSMISSION:1. Television broadcast.2. cable telivision(CATV).3. Remote monitoring etc. BROAD BAND SERVICES. MILITARY APPLICATIONS. NON-COMMUNICATION FIBRE OPTIC: Eg: fiber sensors

OPTICAL FIBER IMPLEMENTATION:

USES OF OPTICAL FIBER:Fiber optic can accommodate variety of needs. It can be used in communication , fiber optic sensor ,

illulumination medical etc. Used in building to route sunlight from the roof to other

parts of the building.Optical fibers are used in flexible digital cameras.Fibers are used in public utility organizations like railways ,

TV transmission etc.Fibers are used in military applications such as aircrafts ,

ships , tanks etc. Fibers are used in LAN systems of offices , colleges ,

industrial plants etc.

TELEPHONE NETWORKS: A telephone network is a telecommunications network used

for telephone calls between two or more parties. There are a number of different types of telephone network: A landline network where the telephones must be directly wired into a single telephone exchange.

A telephone network is a telecommunication  used for telephone calls between two or more parties

Types of telephone networks:A landline network where the telephones must be directly

wired into a single telephone exchange. This is known as the public switched telephone network or PSTN.

A wireless network where the telephones are mobile and can move around anywhere within the coverage area.

A private network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world. This is usually used inside companies and call centres and is called a private branch exchange (PBX).

Structure of PSTN and PBX:

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:Wireless communication is the transfer of

information or power between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor.

The most common wireless technologies use radio. With radio waves distances can be short, such as a few meters for television or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications

ANTENNA COMMUNICATION:An antenna or aerial, is an electrical device

which converts  electric power  into radio waves, and vice versa.

It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver

Antennas are essential components of all equipment that uses radio.

Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of metallic conductors, electrically connected to the receiver or transmitter

Uses of antenna communications:Used in systems such as radio broad casting.Used in two way radio and communication

receivers.Used in radars.Used in cell phones.Specially used in satellite communication.

APPLICATIONS:Garage door openers.Wireless microphones.Bluetooth-enabled devices.Wireless computer networks.Baby monitors etc.

WIRELESS BROADBAND COMMUNICATION:In telecommunications, broadband is a

wide bandwidth data transmission with an ability to simultaneously transport multiple signals and traffic types.

 The medium can be coaxial cable, optical fiber  radio or twisted pair.

In telecommunications, a broadband signalling method is one that handles a wide band of frequencies

Many computer networks use a simple line code to transmit one type of signal using a medium's full bandwidth using its baseband .

APPLICATIONS:Telecommunications.Computer networks.Alternative technologies.

IP Basics:Full form of IP is Internet Protocol.It is the language of networking.IP is represented in the form of binary.TYPES:1. Public.2. Private. Example of largest public network is INTERNET. IP addresses are divided into various classes such

as class A , class B , class C , class D , class E.

CLASSES AND THEIR IP ADDRESSES:CLASS A-0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.

CLASS B-128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255.

CLASS C-192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.

CLASS D-224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

CLASS E-240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

TOPOLOGIES:There are various types of topologies such as:

1. Bus topology.

2. Ring topology.

3. Mesh topology.

4. Half mesh topology.

TYPES OF TOPOLOGIES:

Basic requirement to obtain connection between two

networks:Two PC’s.Two LAN-cards.Cable-cat 5,cat6.NIC(Network Interface Cable)HUB.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SWITCH AND ROUTER:Switch is layer 2.Switch understands

only MAC(Media Address Code).

Switch works within the networks.

Router is the layer 3.Router understands

only IP addresses.Router works

between the networks.

VLAN: Virtual LAN.1. If a switch contains

VLAN concept it is equal to router.

SUBNETTING:The practice of dividing a network into two or more

networks is called subnetting. Computers that belong to a subnet are addressed with a common, identical, most-significant bit-group in their IP address.

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR ANY BSNL OPERATING STATION:

Infrastructure.Power plant.SMP’s : Switched Mode Power Supply.Generator(2sets).Batteries(2sets).ADVANTAGES OF SMP’s:1. Light in weight.2. It is modular-facility for expansion.3. Power plant consists of 16 modules each of 100

amps.4. Built in automatic battery charging.

THANK YOUPREPARED BY :MD SAMIUDDINREG.NO:1210413432.SEC:4-D.DEP:ECEGITAM UNIVERSITYVISAKHAPATNAM