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YL@JHKL ]H

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Gdmlx

Ycnt gs ZJNMN8

Ycnt mhls ZJNMN Mh8

Hplrntghd hf ZJNMN

ZJNMN Nrjcgtljturl

Fudjtghdn`gtgls hf ZJNMN

_htldtgn` Eldlfgts hf ZJNMN

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Ycnt gs ZJNMN8

ZJNMNgs nd njrhdyk fhr Zuplrvgshry Jhdtrh` ndm MntnNjqugsgtghd , wcgjc gs n jhkputlr systlk fhr intclrgdi ndmndn`yzgdi Uln` ]gkl Mntn.

Zujc systlks wlrl fgrst uslm gd >76?s.

Gt wns ehrd hut hf n dllm fhr n uslr frgldm`y frhdt ldm th njhdtrh` systlk jhdtngdgdi _@Js.

ZJNMN dltwhrbs ldne`l rlkhtl khdgthrgdi ndm jhdtrh` hf ndnknzgdi vnrglty hf gdmustrgn` mlvgjls/ systlks.

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Ycnt mhls ZJNMN mh8

N ZJNMN systlk plrfhrks fhur knahr fudjtghds1

>. Mntn Njqugsgtghd ( sldshrs, _@J, U]\)

5. Dltwhrblm mntn jhkkudgjntghd ( Ltclrdlt,_rhfgeus)

:. Mntn prlsldtntghd ( CKG)

=. Jhdtrh` (Zjnmn Knstlr udgt).

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. Zldshrsndm ]rndskgttlrs1Khdgthrs prhjlss pnrnkltlrs ndm

igvls gdput th jhdtrh``lrs ( _@J)

5. _@J1]clsl nrl skn`` prhirnkkne`l udgts mlp`hylm gd tcl fgl`mnt spljgfgj sgtls ndm `hjntghds.]cly slrvls ns `hjn` jh``ljtghd phgdts fhr intclrgdi rlphrts

frhk sldshrs ndm ml`gvlrgdi jhkkndms th jhdtrh` rl`nys

Dhtl1Gd `nrilr systlks ( hf khrl tcnd >H b gdput/hutput, tclrlnrl slvlrn` _@Js jhddljtlm th U]\ ( Ulkhtl ]l`lkltry \dgts).]cgs udgts nrl tcld jhddljtlm th Mntn Zlrvlrs wcgjc tcld nrljhddljtlm th Knstlr ZJNMN slrvlr.

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Ycnt mhls ZJNMN mh8

:.ZJNMN knstlr udgt1]clsl nrl `nrilr jhkputlr tcnt slrvl nstcl jldtrn` prhjlsshr fhr tcl ZJNMN systlk. Gt prhvgml ncuknd gdtlrfnjl th tcl systlk ndm nuthkntgjn``y rliu`ntl tclkndnilm systlk gd rlsphdsl th sldshr gdputs.

=.Jhkkudgjntghd dltwhrb1Jhddljts ZJNMN knstlr udgts th U]\sgd tcl fgl`m. Ildlrn``y tcl Ltclrdlt, fgelr hptgj jne`ls hr htclrjhkkudgjntghd prhthjh`s.

Gd hur systlk, tcl _@J gdputs nrl prhvgmlm th tcl jhkputlr vgnLtclrdlt Eus ndm tcl snkl jhkputlr gs tcl ZJNMN knstlr udgt.

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EHUD HF ZJNMN

Chw ZJNMN jnkl gdth lxgstldjl

Hrgigd hf _@J wlrl gd tcl nuthkntghd systlk, uslm fhr jhdtrh``gdi tclfgl`m mlvgjls.

]cly wlrl rlqugrlm th rlp`njl rl`ny swgtjcgdi `higj jhdtrh` systlks.

]cl Ulkhtl tl`lkltry udgts sh jn``lm U]\ , wlrl uslm th cnvl ensgjgdfhrkntghd hf tcl prhjlss pnrnkltlrs hf Ulkhtl`y `hjntlm systlk.

U]\s jhddljtlm th tclsl systlk cnm dh dllm fhr jhdtrh`prhirnkkgdi eljnusl tcl `hjn` jhdtrh` n`ihrgtck wns cl`m gd rl`nyswgtjcgdi `higj.

Gt wns phssge`l th cnvl rlphrts hf stntusls frhk sujc _@Js ndm U]\s

fhr `nril systlks `hjntlm rlkhtl`y wcgjc tcld thhb scnpl gdthZJNMN

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Hplrntghd - ZJNMN

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>) Mntn Njqugsgtghd1

Gdvh`vls njqugsgtghd hf sgidn`s ndm wnvlfhrks ndm prhjlssgdi tclsgidn`s th hetngd mlsgrlm gdfhrkntghd.

Gt gdj`uml npprhprgntl sldshrstcnt jhdvlrt ndy klnsurlkldtpnrnkltlr th nd l`ljtrgjn` sgidn`, tcld jhdmgtghdgdi tcl l`ljtrgjn`sgidn` wcgjc jnd tcld el njqugrlm ey _@J cnrmwnrl & ZJNMN.

Zgidn`s kny el mgigtn`(n`sh jn``lm `higj sgidn`s shkltgkls) hrndn`himlpldmgdi hd tcl trndsmujlr uslm.

Hplrntghd

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital

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Mntn Njqugsgtghd

>. Fgl`m Mntn Gdtlrfnjl Mlvgjls1Zldshrs ndm ]rndskgttlrs

Khdgthrs prhjlss pnrnkltlrs ndm igvls gdput th jhdtrh``lrs ( _@J)

]cly fhrk lyls ndm lnrs hf tcl ZJNMN systlk.

_rhvgmls gdfhrkntghd nehut chw wl`` tcl systlk gs plrfhrkgdi.

]clsl nrl `lvl` kltlrs, prlssurl kltlrs, f`hw kltlrs, ndn`yzlrs

gd tcl fgl`m. Gd nmmgtghd, lqugpkldts sujc ns Khthr jhdtrh` swgtjcehnrms,

l`ljtrhdgj jclkgjn` mhsgdi fnjg`gtgls fhrks tcl cndms hf ZJNMNsystlk.

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Mntn Njqugsgtghd

>. Fgl`m mntn Gdtlrfnjl Mlvgjl1 Jhdtrh``lrs(_@J)

N mlvgjl wgtc n prhjlsshr ndm gdput/ hutput khmu`l.

Gdstrujtghds fhr nuthkntghd hf Fgl`m mntn gdtlrfnjls mlvgjl sujcns pukp jhdtrh`, ns sthrlm `hjn``y gd _@J.

]rndskgttlrs, `lvl` swgtjcls , prlssurl swgtjcls ltj nrljhddljtlm th tcl gdput khmu`l hf _@J wclrl tcly igvl gdput (

gdfhrkntghd) th _@J ( stm 5= V, = 5? kN sgidn`) Nuth vn`vls, Mhsgdi pukps, pukps, e`hwlrs, nigtnthrs ltj nrl

jhddljtlm th tcl hutput khmu`l hf _@J. _@J ml`gvlrs tcldljlssnry njtghd th tcgs mlvgjls enslm hd tcl gdputs.

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5) Dltwhrblm Jhkkudgjntghd1

Mntn jne`l, wgrl hr fgelr-hptgj-Fhr Jhkkudgjntghd wgtcgd n p`ndt

Unmgh sgidn`sFhr jhkkudgjntghd nt rlighdn` `lvl`.

Zlrgn`, khmlk jhddljtghdsJhdmujts jhkkudgjntghd hf ku`tgp`lsystlks hvlr n jhdsgmlrne`l nrln.

Ltclrdlt/ G_-Fhr @nril nrln ku`tgp`l systlk jhkkudgjntghd

Jhkkudgjntghd _rhthjh`s -Khmeus, U_

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Dltwhrb Jhkkudgjntghds

Ulflrs th lqugpkldts dllmlm th trndsflr mntn th ndm frh frhk mgfflrldtsgtls.

\sl hf jne`l gs usun``y gkp`lkldtlm gd tcl fnjthry fhr jhkkudgjntghd

Jne`ls eljhkl gkprnjtgjn` fhr systlks jhvlrgdi `nril ilhirnpcgjn` nrlnseljnusl hf cgic jhst hf jne`l, jhdmugts ndm lxtldsgvl `nehur gd gdstn``gditclk.

\sl hf tl`lpchdl `gdls ( `lnslm hr mgn` up) eljhkls ljhdhkgjn` fhr systlksjhvlrgdi `nril ilhirnpcgjn` nrlns.

Fhr rlkhtl, gt jnddht el uslm ns hdl tl`lpchdl `gdl wg`` el dllmlm plr sgtl.

Fhr rlkhtl, rnmgh sgidn`s nrl uslm.

Jhkkudgjntghd _rhthjh`s Elttlr jhddljtgvgty ndm dht vldmhr jhdtrh``lm

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Hplrntghd

:) Mntn _rlsldtntghd1 CKG (Cuknd Knjcgdl gdtlrfnjl)

Nd CKG gs nd nppnrntus wcgjc prlsldts mntn th n cukndhplrnthr, ndm tcrhuic wcgjc tcl cuknd hplrnthr jhdtrh`s tclprhjlss.

Ztndmnrmgzlm wny th prhmujl mgstrgeutlm gdfhrkntghd nt hdljhkkhd phgdt th tcl hplrnthr.

Gt kny n`sh el `gdblm th tcl mntnensl th prhvgml trldmgdi,

mgnidhstgj mntn, ndm kndnilkldt gdfhrkntghd. ]cl CKG mgsp`nys tcgs gdfhrkntghd gd nd lnsy th udmlrstndm

irnpcgjs fhrk2 nrjcgvls tcl mntn rljlgvlm, trndskgts n`nrks, ndmplrkgts hplrnthr jhdtrh` ns rlqugrlm

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EHUD HF ZJNMN

Chw ZJNMN jnkl gdth lxgstldjl

Hrgigd hf _@J wlrl gd tcl nuthkntghd systlk, uslm fhr jhdtrh``gdi tclfgl`m mlvgjls.

]cly wlrl rlqugrlm th rlp`njl rl`ny swgtjcgdi `higj jhdtrh` systlks.

]cl Ulkhtl tl`lkltry udgts sh jn``lm U]\ , wlrl uslm th cnvl ensgjgdfhrkntghd hf tcl prhjlss pnrnkltlrs hf Ulkhtl`y `hjntlm systlk.

U]\s jhddljtlm th tclsl systlk cnm dh dllm fhr jhdtrh`prhirnkkgdi eljnusl tcl `hjn` jhdtrh` n`ihrgtck wns cl`m gd rl`nyswgtjcgdi `higj.

Gt wns phssge`l th cnvl rlphrts hf stntusls frhk sujc _@Js ndm U]\s

fhr `nril systlks `hjntlm rlkhtl`y wcgjc tcld thhb scnpl gdthZJNMN

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Dltwhrb Jhkkudgjntghds

Ulflrs th lqugpkldts dllmlm th trndsflr mntn th ndm frh frhkmgfflrldt sgtls.

\sl hf jne`l gs usun``y gkp`lkldtlm gd tcl fnjthry fhr jhkkudgjntghd

Jne`ls eljhkl gkprnjtgjn` fhr systlks jhvlrgdi `nril ilhirnpcgjn`nrlns eljnusl hf cgic jhst hf jne`l, jhdmugts ndm lxtldsgvl `nehur gdgdstn``gdi tclk.

\sl hf tl`lpchdl `gdls ( `lnslm hr mgn` up) eljhkls ljhdhkgjn` fhr

systlks jhvlrgdi `nril ilhirnpcgjn` nrlns.

Fhr rlkhtl, gt jnddht el uslm ns hdl tl`lpchdl `gdl wg`` el dllmlmplr sgtl.

Fhr rlkhtl, rnmgh sgidn`s nrl uslm.

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>3

ZJNMN Nrjcgtljturl

Khdh`gtcgj ZJNMN systlk Fgrst Ildlrntghd.

Mgstrgeutlm ZJNMN systlk Zljhdm Ildlrntghd

Dltwhrblm ZJNMN systlk ]cgrm Ildlrntghd

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Khdh`gtcgj ZJNMN systlk

Mlsgidlm wgtc Zgdi`l purphslhf jhkkutgdi wgtc `hjn` U]\s.

Dh jhkkudgjntghd eltwlld

mgfflrldt U]\s wgtc lnjchtclr.

YND wns uslm fhr tcljhkkudgjntghd purphsl.

Jhddljtgvgty th ZJNMN slrvlrgtsl`f wns `gkgtlm ey Vldmhr

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Mgstrgeutlm ZJNMN systlk

Mlsgidlm gdtldmlm thmgstrgeutl prhjlss nkhdiku`tgp`l systlk.

Uln` tgkl Jhkkudgjntghd wnsmlvl`hplm eltwlld mgfflrldtU]\s.

YND & @ND ehtc wlrl uslmfhr tcl jhkkudgjntghd

purphsl. Vldmhr spljgfgjjhddljtgvgty.

Zhkl mgstrgeutlm stntghdsslrvlm ns hp. stntghd ndm shkl

ns jhkkudgjntghd stntghd

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5>

Dltwhrblm ZJNMN systlk

J`hsl`y rl`ntlm th sljhdmildlrntghd

Hpld systlk nrjcgtljturl ndm

dht vldmhr jhdtrh``lm.

\sls YND, @ND ndm hpldstndmnrm prhthjh`s `gbl MD_:,prhfgeus, Gdtlrdlt _rhthjh`s.

_rhvgmls `nrilr jhddljtgvgtyndm jhkpntgeg`gty wgtcmgfflrldt lqugpkldts ndmsystlks.

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]ypgjn``y, ZJNMN systlks nrl uslm th nuthkntl jhkp`lxgdmustrgn` prhjlssls wclrl cuknd jhdtrh` gs gkprnjtgjn`.

Clrl nrl shkl lxnkp`ls `gstlm el`hw hf mgfflrldt slikldts.

>) Kndufnjturgdi1Kndnils _nrts gdvldthrgls, rliu`ntl gdmustrgn`nuthkntghd ndm khdgthr prhjlss ndm qun`gty jhdtrh`.

5) Eug`mgdis, fnjg`gtgls ndm ldvgrhdkldts1Jhdtrh` CVNJ,rlfrgilrntghd udgts, `gictgdi ndm ldtry systlks.

:) L`ljtrgj _hwlr Ildlrntghd, trndskgssghd ndm Mgstrgeutghd1Mltljtjurrldt f`hw ndm `gdl vh`tnil, th khdgthr tcl hplrntghd hf jgrjugterlnblrs, ndm th tnbl sljtghds hf tcl phwlr irgm hd`gdl hrhff`gdl.

Yclrl gs ZJNMN uslm8

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=) Yntlr ndm Zlwnil1 Ztntl ndm kudgjgpn` wntlr utg`gtgls uslZJNMN th khdgthr ndm rliu`ntl wntlr f`hw, prhjlss, rlslrvhgr`lvl`s, ndm pgpl prlssurl.

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5=

Fudjtghdn`gtgls - ZJNMN

Fh``hwgdi nrl tcl fudjtghdn`gtgls nvng`ne`l wgtc ZJNMN

>) Njjlss & Jhdtrh`

5) CKG

:) ]rldmgdi

=) N`nrk Cndm`gdi

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5) Ugjc Fudjtghdn`gty

5) Ul`gneg`gty ndm Uheustdlss

:) Knxgkgzl _rhmujtgvgty

=) Gkprhvl _rhmujt ^un`gty

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]cndb Whu