presentation on macros

8/21/2019 Presentation on Macros

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WHAT IS MEANT BY

MODULARIZATION ?In General Modularization is the degree to which a system's components may be separated

and recombined.


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THERE ARE DIFF.

MODULARIZATION TECHNIQUES

Macros

Subroutine-Perform

Function Module.

Include

Methods--- Oops


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D I F F E R E N C E B / WM A C R O S & S U B R O U T I N E S

MACROS:

Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition.

Macros can take max 9 parameters.

Macros are expanded at compilation / generation.

SUBROUTINES:

Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other

programs ('perform ' of 'perform in program ').

Subroutines can take any amount of parameters.

Subroutines are 'expanded' at runtime.


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D I F F E R E N C E B / WS U B R O U T I N ES & F U N C T I O N M O D U L E

SUBROUTINES:

The name of a SUBROUTINE must be unique within the program (two programs can have different SUBROUTINEs with

the same name). A SUBROUTINE is intended to be called internal (from within the program, however by a 'trick' you can

call them external).

FUNCTION MODULE:

The name of a FUNCTION has to be unique throughout the system. A FUNCTION is intended to be called external (and is

thus shared by 'many' programs).

The latter is more important for programmers and maintenance. Since a FUNCTION is called external, it is important to

keep the interface (parameters) the same. The interface of a FORM (which is intended to be called internal) is check when

debugging a program (but it is only checked within the program that is debugged). So if the interface of a FORM is changed,but the call to the FORM (perform ) is not, the debugger will notice this and issue an error message.


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D I F F E R E N C E B / WF U N C T I O N M O D U L E & I N C L U D E

Function Module :Function Modules are stored in the central

library and can be called from any program. Even the functionmodules(RFC enabled) can be called from non-SAP systems.

Include:Include programs allow you to use the same source code

in different programs.They are mainly used for modularizing

source codeand have no parameter interface.


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DIFFERENCE B/W

INCLUDE & METHODS

INCLUDE: If I am defining the same variables in many programs,

instead of defining in all programs we have define all the variables in oneprogram and that program is included or added to the programs

whenever needed thats called include program. It cannot be executed

independently it has to include in a program.

METHODS:It describes the functions and behavior of classes and

their instances in ABAP objects methods must be defined in classes.


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WHY WE ARE USING

MACROS?

If we want to reuse same set of statements more than once in

program , we can include them in a macros.

Ex: statements like write, clear, form calls, and DB statements such as

SELECT and UPDATE.


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WHAT IS THE SYNTAX OF

MACROS?

DEFINE . ...

END-OF-DEFINITION.


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DEMO PROGRAM-1

Program Name: ZPW_MACRO1

DEFINE print. write:/ 'Hello Macro'.

END-OF-DEFINITION.

WRITE:/ 'Before Using Macro'.

print.

OutPut :


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DEMO PROGRAM-2

Program Name:

DEFINE print. write:/ 'Hello', &1, &2.

END-OF-DEFINITION.

WRITE:/ 'Before Using Macro'.

print 'ABAP' 'Macros'.

Output:


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WHAT ARE THE

LIMITATIONS OF MACROS?

We can use macros with in the program in which it is

defined.(Prog Name: zpw_macro1)

Macros definition should occur before the macro is used in the

program.(Prog.Name:zpw_macro2)

We can pass up to 9 place holders to macros.

Macros can be useful for long Calculations or complex writestatements:-(Prog. Name :zpw_macro3)


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Other than readability and meaning fulness macros also offer

Performance Advantage.(Prog. Name:ZPW_MACRO4).

We cant call this macro from another program,But you can call

global macros from another program.

http://saptechnical.com/Tips/ABAP/GlobalMacros/Define.htm
http://saptechnical.com/Tips/ABAP/GlobalMacros/Define.htmhttp://saptechnical.com/Tips/ABAP/GlobalMacros/Define.htm


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DIFFERENT WAYS OF

USING MACROS?

Data Declaration

Complex write statement

Reading or changing variable values

Formulas / calculations

Nesting macros

Program flexibility

Working with heavy data.(Prog.Name:zpw_macro5)


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Most Popular Example of System Macros or Standard global

macros is BREAK.Which is defined in table TRMAC


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PROS AND CONS OF

MACROS

Pros:

Macro is faster than other modularization techniques ex. sub-routines (http://sap-

abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.html)

Program Name:zpw_macro7,8,9,10

Cons:

Macros can't be debugged. Hence, complex code should not be written inside

macros
http://sap-abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.htmlhttp://sap-abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.htmlhttp://sap-abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.htmlhttp://sap-abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.htmlhttp://sap-abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.htmlhttp://sap-abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.htmlhttp://sap-abap-tricks.blogspot.in/2011/10/macro.html


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PROS AND CONS OF

SUBROUTINE

PROs

Reducing duplicate code within a program

Enabling reuse of code across multiple programs

Dividing a large programming task among various programmers, or various stages of

a project

Hiding implementation details from users of the subroutine

Improving traceability,

CONS:

Exceptions cannot be handled by subroutines. .(Prog.Name:ZPW_SUBROUTINE)


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PROS AND CONS OF

FUNCTION MODULE

PROS:

it is one of the modularization techniques which helps code re-usability.

We can handle exceptions using function modules.

CONS:

Using FM we can Communicate With in SAP Systems Only


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PROS AND CONS OF

INCLUDE

PROS:

Good Readability.

CONS:

An include program cannot run independently, but must be built into other programs.

Include programs can contain other includes.

The only restrictions for writing the source code of include programs are:

Include programs cannot call themselves.

Include programs must contain complete statements.

The INCLUDE statement has the same effect as copying the source code of the include program into the

program. In the syntax check, the contents of the include program are also analyzed. Include programs are not

loaded at runtime, but are expanded when the program is generated. Once the program has been generated, the

load version contains static versions of all of its includes. If you subsequently change an include program, the

programs that use it are automatically regenerated.(PROG. NAME:ZPW_INCULDE)


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PROS AND CONS OF

METHODS

PROS:

CONS:


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