GROUP MEMBERS: INCREDIBLE SOULS

Leader 11338 11321 11315 11353 11316

LITERATURE REVIEW

THE WORKSHOP WILL COVER:

1- LITERATURE REVIEW.2- WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW 3- WHY LITERATURE REVIEW IS

IMPORTANT.4- SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW.5- LITERATURE REVIEW 6- LITERATURE REVIEW HELPS.7- CONSTRUCTING LITERATURE

REVIEW.8- ORGANIZING LITERATURE REVIEW.9- LITERATURE REVIEW IN

RESEARCH APPROACHES.10-CRITICAL ANALYZING THE

LITERATURE.11- WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW.12- STRUCTURING LITERATURE

REVIEW.13-. QUICK VIEW14- REFERENCES

“…A LITERATURE REVIEW SURVEYSSCHOLARLY ARTICLES, BOOKS AND OTHER

SOURCES […] RELEVANT TO APARTICULAR ISSUE, AREA OF

RESEARCH, OR THEORY,PROVIDING A DESCRIPTION,

SUMMARY, AND CRITICALEVALUATION OF EACH WORK.”

LITERATURE REVIEW

WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW?

A discussion of your knowledge about the topic under study.

A discussion of your knowledge that is supported by the research literature.

A foundation for the study.

WHY LITERATURE REVIEW IS IMPORTANT ?

• Literature review is the part of the paper where the researcher will be given the opportunity to strengthen your paper for you will be citing what other reliable authors have said about your topic. This will prove that you are not just writing about any random subject but that many others have also poured their thoughts on the topic.

• Literature review is also unique from the rest of the paper because you have to fill most of the paper with your own analysis.

SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW

A- Primary sources/Grey literature.

Published sources(Such as reports)

Govt publications(Such as planning documents)

Unpublished manuscripts(Such as letters, memos & committee minutes)

LITERATURE REVIEWS Abstract

the author’s description of the study

related to your area of interest?

conclusions relevant? Statement of the

Problemrestate the topicproblem stated

clearly?purpose?significance?

Hypothesis or Research Question(s)Clearly stated?Relevant?Related to your

area of interest? Assumptions

open assumptions?hidden

assumptions

LITERATURE REVIEWDelimitations

How was the study narrowed?

Which considerations are relevant to your study?

DefinitionsKey concepts &

terms?

LITERATURE REVIEW

Methodresearch design?population &

sample?measurement?procedures?

Findingsmake sense?what do they say

about your area of interest

DiscussionMeaningful

interpretations?Implications

discussed?Suggestions or

recommendations?Limits to practical

application?Conclusion

What did you learn?Re-state your new

knowledge

LITERATURE REVIEWS HELP

Get ideas Get an overview (learn) Get a feeling for what's doable, what's meaningful. Better understand your research project

CONSTRUCTING A LITERATURE REVIEW

ORGANIZING THE LITERATURE SEARCH:THE TREE DIAGRAM

Topic

subtopic

subtopic

subtopic

subtopic

subtopic

subtopic

TREE DIAGRAM EXAMPLE

Home visits

Academicachievement

Homeworkassistance

Home-school communication

Parentinvolvement

volunteerism

barriers

Teachers’ beliefs

Involvement indecision making

LITERATURE REVIEW IN RESEARCH APPROACHES

Firstly identify the topic describe the topic in in a few words or in a short phrase because topic becomes the central idea to learn about or explore in a study.

In qualitative research use the literature inductively in the beginning as part of introduction as it frame the problems,, in the beginning as a separate section, and using it at the end of a study to compare & contrast with the findings of the current study.

In quantitative study use the literature deductively as a framework for advancing questions and hypothesis. A separate section on the “review of the literature” is used to introduce the study or at the end of study. Where as Cooper recommended it as theoretical review in which researchers focuses on extent theory that relates to the problem . And appears in journal articles and than suggested it as methodological review in which the researcher focuses on methods and definitions.

LITERATURE REVIEW IN RESEARCH APPROACHES

In a mix method approach researcher uses either a qualitative or a quantitative approach. Where as it can be both at

beginning or at the end.

CRITICALLY ANALYZING THE LITERATURE

Analysis is breaking down something into parts.There are two types of analysis:1- Systematic Analysis.2- Arguments Analysis.

Systematic Analysis: It is a kind of analysis in which we systematically evaluate the literature on the basis of key ideas, theories, concepts and methodological assumptions and the overall structure and format of the research.

Arguments Analysis: If a range of arguments are being analysed you will need to explain the claim, data and warrant for each argument . In this way the identification of the individual and similar elements in a range of items can be compared and contrasted.

ARGUMENTS ANALYSIS:

There are many ways to analyses arguments but here just two are discussed:1- Toulmin’s method of argumentation analysis.2- Fisher’s method of critical reading.

Toulmin’s method of argumentation analysis:Toulmin proposes that an argument can be broken up into number of basic elements like:

• Claim an arguable statement• Evidence Data used to support the claim• Warrant (or permit) an expectation that provides the link

between the evidence and claim.• Backing Context & assumption used to support

the validity or the warrant and evidence.

FOR EXAMPLE

Data

Car washes can use

up to 250,000

Gallons of water in

the main summer

weeks. Warrant

Since

Water is essential and people should not wasted it in times of shortage

Backing

Because

Water should cause inconvenience

are a danger to people & can be

costly to consumers.

Claim

Car owners should restrict washing their cars in areas of the country where there is a water shortage

FISHER’S METHOD OF CRITICAL READING.

Fisher provides a method for a systematic reading of texts. Through which reader can extract words (Thus and therefore) of any argument for the purpose of evaluation. Words that are used to structure an argument are the focus for the analysis . Words

(Thus and therefore) are highlighted because they are used to link evidence with claims and suggest inference, reasons and

conclusions.

WRITING THE LITERATURE REVIEW

Always begin with an introduction to the review & end with a summary

Make the connection for the reader between the subtopics & the topic

Use direct quotations infrequently

Always cite your sources

Present your knowledge on the topics & subtopics

Summarize each subtopic

Include a transition paragraph from one subtopic to the next

STRUCTURING THE LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

Review on independent

variable

Review on dependent variable

Review on the relationship of independent & dependent

variables

Summary

QUICK VIEW

Begin with a search of the available literature. Critically analyze each article (study) you select. Organize the review with an outline Write the review. Summarize the review. Using the literature, present a rationale for your study.

REFERENCES

(http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/literaturereview.html)

Adopted from “Doing Literature Review” by Chris Hart

Adopted from “Research Methods for business Students” by mark Saunders

Adopted from Research Design by John W. Creswell.

THANK YOU