cyber crime in European union

presented by :

HEENA SAINI

8TH SEM ,IT

Overview• Cyber crime

• Cyber law

• Cyber law in European union

Cyber crime• criminal activities carried out by means of computers or

the Internet.

• This includes anything from downloading illegal music files to stealing millions of dollars from online bank accounts.

• The growing list of cybercrimes includes crimes that have been made possible by computers, such as network intrusions and the dissemination of computer viruses, as well as computer-based variations of existing crimes, such as identity theft, stalking, bullying and terrorism.

Types of cyber crime..

• Financial claims-this would include cheating ,credit card fraud , money laundering etc.

• Sale of illegal articles-this would include of narcotics , weapons and wildlife etc.

• Online gambling-there are millions of website , all hosted on servers abroad , that offers online gambling.in fact , it is believed that many of these website are actually fronts for money laundering.

And many more…

Example of cyber crime..• E-mail abuse

• Spam mails

• Cyber defamation

• Theft of source code

Cyber low• The area of law dealing with the use of computers and the

Internet and the exchange of communications and information thereon, including related issues concerning such communications and information as the protection of intellectual property rights, freedom of speech, and public access to information.

• Cyber law is the domain at the intersection of technology, risk, and law.

Countries in European union1. Austria 11. Germany 21. Portugal

2. Belgium 12. Greece 22. Romania

3. Ireland 13. Hungary 23. Slovakia

4. Bulgaria 14. Italy 24. Slovania

5. Cyprus 15. Latvia 25. Spain

6. Czec Republic 16. Lithuania 26. Sweden

7. Denmark 17. Luxemburg 27. United Kingdom

8. Estonia 18. Malta

9. Finland 19. Netherlands

10. France 20. Poland

Cyber crime in IrelandTrue Events

Between 1985 – 1991, Use of Computer become so common in

Ireland that many people got involve in Unauthorized Acts like

accessing other person’s personal data , hacking others’ account

and thus these activities raised so much that an act was came

into law.

CRIMINAL Damage Act 1991

Section 5 : Unauthorized accessing of data

Either 500 Pound Fine or 3 moths imprisonment or both.

Another True Events

After 1995 many banks and private sector companies started

dealing with the customers through online. But due to less

secure environment, many people started Fraud while dealing

with the customers.

Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001

Section 9 : Unlawful use of computer

Either 1000 Pound Fine or 10 years imprisonment or both.

Cyber Crime Panel in PolandA true Event

During World War 2, Defense Areas was continuously attacked

by Unintended people. Because of this one attack plan of

Defense was leaked to the American Troops and of that result

They loose the battle with America. Surprisingly, Hacking

was done within the country.

The Penal Code:

Article 267. 

Whoever, without being authorized to do so, acquires information not destined for him, by opening a sealed letter, or connecting to a wire that transmits information or by breaching electronic, magnetic or other special protection for that information shall be subject to a fine, the penalty of restriction of liberty or the penalty of deprivation of liberty for up to 2 years.

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IPR

What is IPR…..

• IPR is Intellectual Property Rights

• Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.

• IP is divided into 2 parts-

(a) industrial property

(b) copy right

industrial property….

• Industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs

• Industrial property takes a range of forms. These include patents to protect inventions, and industrial designs, which are aesthetic creations determining the appearance of industrial products. Industrial property also covers trademarks, service marks, layout-designs of integrated circuits, commercial names and designations, as well as geographical indications, and protection against unfair competition.

Copyright…• Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists

in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs.  For an introduction to IP for non-specialists, refer to:

• The Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (1967) gives the following list of subject matter protected by intellectual property rights:

• literary, artistic and scientific works;

• performances of performing artists, phonograms, and broadcasts;

• inventions in all fields of human endeavor;

• scientific discoveries;

• industrial designs;

• trademarks, service marks, and commercial names and designations;

• protection against unfair competition; and

• “all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic fields.”

Copy right..• The expression copyright refers to the main act which, in

respect of literary and artistic creations, may be made only by the author or with his authorization. That act is the making of copies of the work. The expression author’s rights refers to the creator of the artistic work, its author. It thus underlines the fact, recognized in most laws, that the author has certain . That act is the making of copies of the work.

• Its subpart of the IPR.

Work protected by copyright…For the purposes of copyright protection, the term “literary and artistic works”-

• books, pamphlets and other writings;

• lectures, addresses, sermons;

• dramatic or dramatic-musical works;

• choreographic works and entertainments in dumb show;

• musical compositions with or without words;

• cinematographic works to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography;

• works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving and lithography;

• photographic works, to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to photography;

Right protected…• There are two types of rights under copyright.

-Economic right

-Moral right

(a) Economic rights- allow the rights owner to derive financial reward from the use of his works by others.

(b) Moral rights- allow the author to take certain actions to preserve the personal link between himself and the work.

Limitations..• The first limitation is the exclusion from copyright protection of

certain categories of works. In some countries, works are excluded from protection if they are not fixed in tangible form. For example, a work of choreography would only be protected once the movements were written down in dance notation or recorded on videotape. In certain countries, the texts of laws, court and administrative decisions are excluded from copyright protection.

• The second category of limitations concerns particular acts of exploitation, normally requiring the authorization of the rights owner, which may, under circumstances specified in the law, be carried out without authorization. There are two basic types of limitations in this category: (a) free use, which carries no obligation to compensate the rights owner for the use of his work without authorization; and (b) non-voluntary licenses, which do require that compensation be paid to the rights owner for non-authorized exploitation.

Thank you..