presentation on biotechnology

7/29/2019 Presentation on Biotechnology

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BIOTECHNOLOGY

Some Ideas? Some examples?


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BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE +

TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS= BIOTECHNOLOGY


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Definition

Applications of biologicalsystems / processes /organisms to manufacturing(Products) or service

industries (Services).


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What is Biotechnology? In its most simple form, biotechnology is

the use of living systems (organisms) bypeople to make products.

Biotechnology uses many different

sciences, such as biology, chemistry,physics, engineering, computers, andinformation technology to develop tools

and products. Biotechnology changes genes of organisms

for specific purposes.


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Research and development network


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Biotechnology techniques and processes (Evans, P. R.Biotechnology and Biological Preparations in Encyclopaedia of PT vol. 1, 3rd edn.)


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INTRODUCTION

Biotechnology encompasses any technique that uses livingorganisms in the production or modification of products.

Thus, biotechnology products broadly refer to

biopharmaceutical drugs generated through researches in cellbiology, genetics and recombinant DNA technology.

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) and monoclonal antibody (MAb)are providing exciting opportunities for new pharmaceuticals

development as well as new approaches to drug delivery.


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HISTORY.

Old / Biotechnology Bread making,

wine making, fermentation, milk

products, Even Idli Making


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1980 onwardsGenetic Engineering

DNA Fingerprinting

Plant Tissue Culture

Cloning, etc.


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GENETIC ENGINEERING

Changing genetic material of an organism bytransferring genes from other organisms

Creating organisms with new genes/ charactersGenetically modified Organisms (GMOs) ortransgenic Organisms.

Addition or Modification of characters oforganisms


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Recombinant DNA technologyJoining

or combining genes fromtwo or more organisms in

the laboratory.


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Fire Fly

(Luciferene gene)

Genetically

Engineered

Tobacco Plant with

Luceferene Gene


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Insulin Production by Bacteria

Transfer of

Insulin Gene

Insulin

producingBacteria


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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/biology-animations/PLASMIDCLONING.AVI


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DNA FINGERPRINTING

Technique which helps in the

establishment of identity of a person or

organism based on uniqueness of DNAsequence.

Every persons DNA sequence is

different from all others, like finger print

or signatures.


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Techniques

. Collection of DNA, cutting into

pieces, Separation of pieces by

Gel Electrophoresis, Processing ofseparated DNA bands whichappear like Bar Codes.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/biology-animations/3ESDSGEL.AVIhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/biology-animations/3ESDSGEL.AVI


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DNA Fingerprinting
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/biology-animations/dna%20fingerprinting.EXEhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/biology-animations/dna%20fingerprinting.EXE


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Application : Detection of criminals, solving parental disputes

DNA fingerprint of a person


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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

Technique of growing isolated plant tissues or

cells in an artificial medium under aseptic

conditions.

Plant cells TOTIPOTENT. Each cell can Multiply

and develop in to new plants when cultured.

Growth medium: Nutrients, vitamins,

hormones, agar


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MediumNew

Plantlets


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USES OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

Micropropagation large number of plants in small

space

Disease free plant production

Somatic hybridisation/cybrid production- Pomato

Transgenic plant productionNif gene transfer

Pollen culturehaploid plantsParthenocarpyProtection of pure charecters.

Shortening of Flowering Period Rose?


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Cloning Identicle/ exactly similar cells / organisms

Plants produced by cuttings/ vegetative propagation aregenetically similarin vivoclones (Hibiscus, Rose, etc.) Tissue culture Plantsin vitro Clones Animals from cell of a single parentin vitro method Dolly sheep first animal clone produced by Ian Wilmut. Cloning is possible in frogs, rats, monkeys Xerox copies of parent animal (usually superior quality

mother)


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How Dolly was produced?


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Applications of Biotechnology

Agricultural Applications new variety of crop

plants, animal breeds

Ex: Bt cotton, Golden Rice, Fast growing

sheeps, Pigs


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Biocatalysts (Enzymes- Stain removers in

detergents)

Biopolymers (Bioplastic PHB from plants,

Bacteria)


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Pollution control Bacteria to clean pollution

Polluted/Waste water treatment (Bacterial

Filters, Membrane Filters)

Medical/Health benefits

Cheaper and safer hormones (Insulin by

bacteria, Growth hormones), vaccines (HbV

vaccine), drugs (Blood clotting factor)


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Limitations of Biotechnology

Genetic engineered food may cause Health

Problems (Bt cotton, corn , brinjal etc. have a

toxic gene of bacteria)

Pest resistant Bt plants also kill useful insects

like butter flies, bees along with disease

causing pest insects ecological imbalance.

Human cloning Socially, Ethically Right?


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How Does Biotechnology

Affect Individuals, Society,and the Environment?


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What does it mean?

Biotechnology affects our everydaylives!

It provides medicine,

and can detect and

treat diseases

Diabetes, sickle-cell

anemia, antibiotics, etc.

It has and continues tochange what we are

able to eat

Baking bread, making

cheese, etc.


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SAMPLE: Biotechnology of Corn Scientists have

successfully been able tochange the genes of cornfor more desirable traits

Biotech (Bt) corn may beinsect protected (no needfor pesticides), herbicide-resistant, or both

Another type of corn isable to grow in times ofdrought (no or low rainseasons)

As well, corn has beenengineered to containmore healthy ingredients

presentation on biotechnology

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