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There it is Presented the Three Selected

Technologies for Mix Municipal Solid Waste

Treatment at Mechanical – Biological or

Biological – Mechanical Treatment Plants

EcoForce Baltic Ltd P.Lukšio g. 7 LT- 08221 Vilnius, Lithuania Tel./fax. +370 5 21 02 178 Mobil. tel. +370 687 76633 El. paštas ecoforce@zebra.lt

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EcoForce Baltic Ltd Atlieku tvarkymo

konsultantai, UAB

Biastra plius, UAB

©Copyright, Alfonsas Brazas, 2010

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Composition of Municipal Wastes in West Europe

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Forecasted Composition of Municipal Wastes in Belarus

Forecasted Composition of Solid Municipal Wastes Generated in

Belarus: • Organic wastes - food/kitchen wastes (~40 %) + green wastes (~4%) - total ~ 44%

• Paper/cardboard wastes ~ 15%

• Plastics wastes ~ 10%

• Glass wastes~ 7%

• Metal wastes (Fe and Non-Fe)~ 4%

• Other combustible wastes (wood, textiles, rubble and etc.) ~ 5%

• Other non-combustible (inert wastes –sand, gravel, stones, ceramics and etc.) ~15%

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Municipal Solid Waste Processing Options

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Composting of Individual Houses Biowastes

Composting Bins

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Separate collection

• Separate collection is a key element of modern waste management

• Separately should be collected (as much as possible):

– Dry recyclables (paper/cardboard, plastics, glass, metals)

– Biowastes - green wastes and kitchen/food wastes

– Hazardous household wastes

– EEEW – electric and electronic equipment wastes

– Bulky wastes (including used tyres)

– Construction and demolition wastes

• Separately collected wastes usually are finally sorted at Materials

Recovery Facility (MRF).

MRF have installed manual or mechanical sorting lines.

• Separatelly collected putrescibles (organic biowastes) usually are

anaerobicaly digested producing biogas and composting

digestate or only composted - finally producing high quality compost.

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Remaining (after separate collection) mix MSW treatment

• Experience show that it is possible and economically feasible to collect separately up to 40% of generated amount of municipal wastes.

• Remaining mix MSW > 60% and more (usually ~70%) – should be incinerated (after mechanical pre-treatment or without it) or treated mechanically – biologically (separating inert materials, recyclables, dry calorific fraction (further producing RDF – refuse delivered fuel) and organic fraction (further bio-drying or composting or anaerobically digesting it).

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Composition of remaining (after separate collection of recyclables) mix MSW

• The average percentage of recyclables (paper/cardboard, plastics, glass, metals) in mix MSW is about 35 %

• Implementing intensive separate collection schemes usually there are collected about ½ (a half) of recyclables generated

• Forecasted composition of mix MSW after implementing of intensive

separate collection schemes for recyclables: – Organic wastes - food/kitchen wastes (~45 %) + green wastes (~5%) - total ~ 50%

– Paper/cardboard wastes <10%

– Plastics wastes <6%

– Glass wastes <4%

– Metal wastes (Fe and Non-Fe) <3%

– Other combustible wastes (wood, textiles, rubble and etc.) ~ 9%

– Other non-combustible (inert wastes –sand, gravel, stones, ceramics and etc.) ~18%

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Mechanical – Biological Treatment Options

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BMT- Biological Mechanical Treatment or

MBT –Mechanical Biological Treatment

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35% - Separate Collection and Treatment

65% - Biological (Bio-drying) – Mechanical Treatment (BMT)

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BMT- Biological Mechanical Treatment

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1st Selected Technology – BMT (Biological – Mechanical Treatment)

Bio-drying + Manual/Mechanical/Automatic Sorting

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1st Selected Technology - BMT Bio-drying + Manual/Mechanical/Automatic Sorting

• Companies – technology suppliers:

– Lehmann Machinenbau GmbH

– Wright Tech Systems Inc.

– Ecodeco S.r.l.

– Kelog Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co KG

– Herhof GmbH

– Masias Recycling SL

– EuRec Technology GmbH

– Other?

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1st Selected Technology LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plant

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LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plant LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plant for 65 000 tones/year

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LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plant for 65 000 tones/year

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LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plants

This is the cheapest mix municipal solid waste treatment option. For example, BMT plant capable to treat ~ 65 000 tones of MSW per year,

with manual sorting line will cost < 4 million Euro. BMT with mechanical-automatic sorting line, working in 2 shifts and capable

to treat 100÷130 thousand tones of MSW per year will cost < 10 million Euro. “Gate fee” would be about 30÷40 Euro/tone, to be subject to market prices fluctuations for RDF/SRF and recyclables. Remark: RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel SRF – Solid Recovered Fuel

LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plants variations

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1st Selected Technology – Option MBT (Mechanical - Biological Treatment)

Mechanical separation/sorting + Bio-drying +

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Mechanical – Biological (Bio-drying) – Mechanical Treatment

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35% - Separate Collection and Treatment

65% - Mechanical - Biological Treatment (MBT)

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT Mechanical + Biological (Dry Anaerobic Digestion) Treatment

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting

• Companies – technology lines/equipment suppliers:

– Eggersman Anlagenbau GmbH

– MF Emmen B.V.

– HORSTMANN budowa Urzadzen i Technika Ekologiczna Sp. zo.o.

– SUTCO (Sutco – Polska Sp. Zo.o, company of Ludden & Mennekes group)

– Vecoplan Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG

– AMB Anlagen Maschinen Bau GmbH

– Bollegraaf Recycling Machinery B.V.

– MASIAS recycling SL

– Komptech GmbH

– Promeco S.r.l.

– EuRec Technology GmbH

– Lindner- Recyclingtech GmbH

– And a number of others

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting

• Companies – shredders suppliers:

– M&J Industries A/S (company of Metso Group)

– UNTHA – Anton Unterwurzacher Maschinenbau GmbH

– Vecoplan Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG

– Lindner- Recyclingtech GmbH

– Komptech GmbH

– A number of others

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting

• Companies – balistic separators suppliers:

– KOMPTECH GmbH

– LINDNER – Recyclingtech GmbH

– MASIAS recycling SL

– IFE Aufbereiungstechnik GmbH

– Hartner Maschinenbau GmbH

• Companies – wind shifters suppliers:

– NIHOT Recycling Technology B.V.

– Komptech GmbH

– SUTKO- Polska Sp.zo.o

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting

• Companies Fe-metals Magnets and Non-Fe-metals Edy Currents Suppliers: – STEINERT Elektromagnetbau GmbH

– IFE Aufbereiungstechnik GmbH

– A number of others

• Companies Optical (sensor based) Sorting and Separation Systems Suppliers: – RTT Systemtechnik GmbH

– TiTech AS

– S+S Separating and Sorting Technology GmbH

– Exsor EMCAM Sorting Technologies

– Steinert Elektromagnetbau GmbH

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT Biological Treatment - Dry Anaerobic Digestion

• The Key Technology in MBT scheme is Dry

Anaerobic Digestion Technology.

• There are listed the companies – Dry AD technology

suppliers:

– KOMPOFerm (Eggersmann Anlagenbau GmbH)

– AIKAN (Solum Group)

– BEKON Holding AG

– BIOFerm GmbH (Viessman Group)

– LOOCK Biogassysteme GmbH

– BAL Biogasanlagenbau Langenau GmbH

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)

Biological Treatment = Dry Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

• Shredding + Mechanical Separation + Mechanical/Automatic Sorting of Dry Fraction

• Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction

• Bio-drying of Digestate

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)

Biological Treatment = Dry Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

Selected companies

• Mechanical separation/sorting:

– Eggersman Anlagenbau GmbH

– MF Emmen B.V.

– HORSTMANN budowa Urzadzen i Technika Ekologiczna Sp. zo.o.

– SUTCO (Sutco – Polska Sp. Zo.o, company of Ludden & Mennekes group)

• Dry anaerobic digestion:

– KOMPOFerm (Eggersmann Anlagenbau GmbH)

– AIKAN (Solum Group)

– BIOFerm GmbH (Viessman Group)

– BEKON Holding AG

• Bio-drying:

– Lehmann Machinenbau GmbH

– Wright Tech Systems Inc.

– Ecodeco S.r.l.

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)

Biological Treatment = Dry Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

This is quit cheap and most perspective mix municipal solid waste treatment option.

Mechanical-automatic sorting line, working in 2 shifts and capable

to treat 100÷150 thousand tones of MSW per year will cost ~ 5÷7 million Euro.

Dry anaerobic digestion plant capable to treat 50÷60 thousand tones of

organic waste will cost ~ 6÷8 million Euro.

Bio-drying plant capable to treat 45÷60 thousand tones of digestate will cost ~ 3 million Euro.

Fully completed MBT plant capable to treat ~125 thousand tones of mix MSW per

year will cost 12÷15 million Euro.

“Gate fee” would be about 40÷50 Euro/tone, to be subject to market prices fluctuations for RDF/SRF and recyclables.

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)

Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)

Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

• Mechanical separation and sorting technologies/equipment suppliers – the same as for previous technology

• Wet anaerobical digestion technologies and equipment suppliers:

– Wehrle Umwelt GmbH

– Global Renewables UK Ltd

– BTA International GmbH

– Promeco S.r.l.

– Strabag SE

– Ros Roca International SL

– Haase Energietechnik AG

– Valorga International S.A.S.

– Purac (Lackeby Water Group)

– Arrow Ecology and Engineering Overseas Ltd

– SchuBio AG

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Biopercolator

Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

• There are only 2 companies supplying MBT

technology with Biopercolation process and wet

anaerobical digestion of slurry produced during

biopercolation process:

– Wehrle Umwelt GmbH

– Global Renewables UK Ltd

We recommend Wehrle Umwelt GmbH which is better

known for us.

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Biopercolators Inside and Outside

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Biopercolator

Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

• Unfortunately the investment either

operational/maintenance cost are too high:

– Investment cost for fully completed mechanical – biological

treatment plant capabile to treat > 100 thousand tones of

mix MSW per year are 30÷40 million Euro

For comparision, similar MBT plant with dry anaerobic digestion will cost only 12÷15 million Euro.

– Operational cost are > 50 Euro/tone

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Hydro-pulper

Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

• There are a number of companies supplying MBT technology

with Hydropulping process and wet anaerobical digestion of

slurry produced during hydropulping process:

– BTA International GmbH

– Promeco S.r.l.

– Strabag SE

– Ros Roca International SL

– Haase Energietechnik AG

– Valorga International S.A.S.

– Arrow Ecology and Engineering Overseas Ltd

– SchuBio AG

We recommend BTA International GmbH which is the best known wet

anaerobical digestion technology supplier in the world.

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BTA Hydro-pulper and grit removal

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Hydro-pulper

Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

• Unfortunately the investment either

operational/maintenance cost are too high:

– Investment cost only for wet anaerobic digestion plant

capable to treat 40÷50 thousand tones of organic waste per

year is 15÷20 million Euro.

– Fully completed mechanical – biological treatment plant

capabile to treat > 100 thousand tones of mix MSW per

year cost 25÷30 million Euro

For comparision, similar MBT plant with dry anaerobic digestion will cost only 12÷15 million Euro.

– Operational cost are > 50÷75 Euro/tone

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SUMMARY

• The BMT (biological – mechanical treatment) or MBT (mechanical – biological treatment) technology with bio-drying process targeted to produce fuel (SRF/RDF) is the cheapest one (both investment and operational).

The bio-drying process can be replaced by composting process only in the case if organic fraction isn’t very poluted by heavy metals (if the potential quality of compost is satisfactory)

• The MBT (mechanical – biological treatment) technology with dry AD and digestate bio-drying is the most optimal and perspective (higher energy cost – lower gate fee)

• The MBT (mechanical – biological treatment) technology both with bio-percolation process or hydro-pulping process is too expensive (it can be used only if energy prices are very high)

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MeWa Recycling Anlagen GmbH Bio-QZ equipment increasing biogas yield

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MeWa Recycling Anlagen GmbH Bio-QZ equipment increasing biogas yield

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Composting of Biowastes

Composting Technologies: – Composting Bins (for Individual Houses)

– Open Windrows

– Aerated Windrows with Gore Membrane

– LDPE AG-Bag Eco-PAD

– Composting Containers (EnviCont, SV Composter, Kneer- Horstmann, Clarocompost, Hot Rot, Rocket, BioCoTech, Biosal and others)

– Vertical In-vessel Composting Units

– Light Constructions Composting Tunnels (Biodegma type)

– Composting Tunnels

– Composting channels and baths (basins)

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Open Windrows, Aerated Windrows covered by Gore Membrane and LDPE AG-Bag Eco-PAD

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Composting Containers

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Vertical In-vessel Units

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Composting Tunnels

GermsSpores

Aeration pipeswith ventilation

Odours

Watervapour

Semi-permeablelaminate

Organic

material

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Composting basins (baths)