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Linked Data in a University Context: Publication, Applications and Beyond
Mathieu d’Aquin - @mdaquin
Knowledge Media Institute, the Open University
data.open.ac.uk
Linked Data
• As set of principles and technologies for a Web of Data– Putting the “raw” data online in a
standard, web enabled representation (RDF)
– Make the data Web addressable (URIs)
– Link with other data
Graph (up to date)
The Open University• The biggest university in the UK (200,000
students)• One of the youngest (40 years)• Most teaching done at a distance• 1 campus, 13 regional centers• Committed to “Open”:
– Open educational material available as podcasts (iTunes U), units of course material (OpenLearn), etc.
• Tradition of investing in new technology for teaching, learning, knowledge sharing, etc.– Role of the Knowledge Media Institute (KMi)
So Linked Data for the OU?
ORO
Archive of Course Material
Library’sCatalogueOf Digital Content
OpenLearnContent
A/V MaterialPodcastsiTunesU
Data from Research Outputs
BBC
DBPedia
DBLP
RAE
geonames
data.gov.uk
Currently: OU public data sit in different systems – hard to discover, obtain, integrate by users.
Exposed as linked data, our data interlink with each other and the external world: become part of the “global data space” on the Web
Why is it important?• The OU has been the first University to expose its data
as linked data: http://data.open.ac.uk• Now widely recognized as a critical step forward for the
HE sector in the UK (and worldwide)– Favor transparency and reuse of data, both externally and
internally– Reduces cost of dealing with our own public data: integration
and reuse by design– Enable both new kinds of applications, and to make the
ones that are already feasible more cost effective
• Several other UK universities have now followed our example: – http://data.online.lincoln.ac.uk/, http://data.ox.ac.uk/,
http://data.southampton.ac.uk/– And others in other countries are setting up similar initiatives
The data.open.ac.uk Stack
Technical infrastructure
Organizational infrastructure
Institutional repository data
Research Data (Arts)
Applications
data.open.ac.uk
Planning + Logging
Collect Extract Link Store Expose
OntologiesScheduler
RSS Updater Triple Store
Delete (1)Add (2)
Index Search
SPARQLendpoint
Web Server
RSS Extractor
XML Updater
RDF Extractor
RDF Cleaner
Cleaning rules
Each datasets
Lib, courses, loc
ORO, podcast
URL redirection rules
RSS feed
New itemsObsolete items
RDF file (add) RDF file (delete)
RDF file (add) RDF file (delete)
Generic process Dataset specific process
Entity Name
SystemURI creation rules
Method for a exposing a dataset
Initial Meeting with Data Owner
- Identify data- Get sample data- Identify Copyright Issues- Identify possible links- Identify users and usage
Data Modeling sessions
Lucero Core Team
Data Owner
Lucero KMi Team
Lucero members
- Find reusable ontologies- Map onto the data- Identify uncovered parts- Define URI Scheme
Data Modeling Validation
Lucero Core Team
Data Owner
Development of Extractor
URI Creation Rules
DefinitionDeploymentLucero KMi
Team
Screenshot of the dataset page
Applications
Resource Discovery
Mobile and Personal Semantics
ResearchExploration
Social
Example application: Link OpenLearn to relevant course/podcasts
See also: Zablith et al, LinkedLearning 2011
ROLE widget
Integrating Open Educational Material
in course descriptions
See also: Zablith et al., COLD 2011
Explore
Explore the courses, qualifications and open educational resources available on a particular topic in one place.
See also: Zablith et al., COLD 2011
se
Lean-back podcast viewer
See also: Zablith et al., COLD 2011
See also: Zablith et al., COLD 2011
se
See also: http://people.kmi.open.ac.uk/mathieu/about/discobro-discovering-linked-data-
resources-while-browsing/http://discovery.ac.uk/developers/competition/
Add DiscoBro
Example Application: keep track of location, meetings, tutorials, at the OU
Radar
Supporting Researchers: The Reading Experience Database
• http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/reading/• 40,000 accounts of somebody
reading something at some time in some place
• Used by researchers in literature and history to explore research hypothesis
Experience
Person
Document
EventLocation
City Countrydate: Date
subClassOf
subClassOf
locatedIn
readerInvolved
textInvolved givesBackgroundTo
title: Stringdescription: Stringpublished: Date
creator/editor
providesExcerptFor
occupation
religion
originCountry
gender
LinkedEvent Ontology
CITO Citation Ontology
Dublin Core
FOAF
DBPedia
Lessons Learnt• The major part of the work is not technical
– Linked data is simple!– Identifying available data, obtaining access to them, re-
modeling them is hard
• A lot of people’s jobs (administrators, managers, researchers) are all about collecting and managing data– A lot of this effort is lost because of closed systems, lack
of integration and exposure of the data– Linked data is also a way to maximize the exploitation of
otherwise inefficient data management approaches
• There is no killer app– Benefit = many small things that are made easier/were
not possible before.
What’s Next?
Cross-Institution Linked Data/Resource Discovery/ExchangesWhy should
educational resources be in University Silos? Who cares where they come from?
LinkedUniversities.org
See also: Fernandez et al., ISWC 2011 (in use)
What’s Next? (2)
• Understanding, Analyzing, Interpreting the data – Data is useless, there is no intelligence in
the data, only in the application– And current applications are no so
intelligent, interpretation is still left to the user
– Reasoning, pattern recognition, data analytics and data mining with the all sort of new challenges in linked data
– Create something new: the Semantic Web
See also:d’Aquin et al. ISWC 2011 demod’Aquin et al. SSN 2011
Deploy SPARQL endpoints on Android and Use Sensor Data
See also:http://lucero-project.info/lb/2011/06/what-to-ask-linked-data/d’Aquin and Motta, K-CAP 2011
See also:uciad.infod’Aquin et al – SDoW 2011
Thank you!
Carlo Allocca
Mathieu d’Aquin
Salman Elahi
Enrico MottAndriy Nikolov
Jane Whild Fouad Zablith
Library Specialists
Owen Stephens(PM)
Richard Nurse((ex-)PM)
Non ScantleburyArts Specialists
Suzanne Duncanson-HunterJohn Wolfe
Paul Lawrence
Stuart Brown
Data Owners
KMi
OU Library
Com./StudentComp.Services
Arts
Liam Green Hughes