presentation johpa final

“Impact of Climate Change on Occupational Health and Safety: Are we prepared?”

Dr. Homero Silva-SerranoProfessor of Public Health Environment and Climate Change

School of Public Health and Health TechnologyUniversity of Technology, Jamaica

Vision 2030

“Jamaica, the place of choice to live, raise families,

work and do business”

Vision Labour Market and Productivity Sector Plan

“An efficient and harmonious labour market sustaining a prosperous society and economy, supported by a trained, educated, productive

workforce that is attractive to quality job creating investments”.

Attain Vision through Four Main Goals

• An efficient and effective labour market;• Higher levels of human and social capital

formation and trust;• Full and satisfying employment; and• Level of national productivity that is

internationally competitive

Are we Efficient?Are we Effective?

Are we competitive?

Annual Average LabourProductivity Growth Rates

Barbados (BRD), Canada (CAN), Dominican Republic (DOM), Ireland (IRL), Malaysia (MYS), Mauritius (MUS) Singapore (SGP), Trinidad and Tobago (TTO) and United States (USA)

Growth Real GDP Per Worker(International Prices $I) 2000-2003

In 2008, it was estimated that labour productivity declined further

Real GDP per worker per sector

Answer

No•We are not efficient•We are not effective•We are not internationally competitive

How we can solve this?

We need to invest in Human Capital

Investment in Human Capital

• In the 60’s Schultz produced this idea;• Investing in Human Capital contributes up to

65% of a country’s economic growth.• The posibility, the capability of human beings

to contribute, to produce is called Human Capital;

• Health and Education are the two main ingredients for human capital development

Workers Health Determinants

Worker’sHealth

Life Styles

Environmental Pollution

OccupationalHazards

Health condition

From Homo sapiens to Homo sedens

Twenty Highest Female Obesity Prevalence and Twenty Lowest Female Obesity Prevalence Countries

Ranking Most Obese Prevalence Ranking Least Obese Prevalence

1 Nauru 81.9 1 Ethiopia 0.03

2 Tonga 80.8 2 Eritrea 0.2

3 Micronesia 78.5 3 Sri Lanka 0.2

4 Cook Islands 72.5 4 Bangladesh 0.3

5 Samoa 72.4 5 Nepal 0.4

6 Niue 70.1 6 Cambodia 0.5

7 Kuwait 66.6 7 Viet Nam 1.1

8 Barbados 62.7 8 Dem Republic of the Congo 1.7

9 Palau 61.9 9 Japan 1.7

10 Trinidad and Tobago 60.7 10 Rwanda 1.7

11 Dominica 60.0 11 Central African Republic 2.1

12 Egypt 59.4 12 Zambia 2.2

13 United States 54.8 13 Burkina Faso 2.3

14 Jamaica 52.6 14 Uganda 2.4

15 United Arab Emirates 52.4 15 Afghanistan 2.9

16 Jordan 52.2 16 India 3.0

17 Nicaragua 51.2 17 Malawi 3.1

18 Mexico 51.1 18 Kenya 3.1

19 Malta 50.6 19 Burundi 3.2

20 Seychelles 50.4 20 Papua New Guinea 3.2

Impacts of obesity

• Major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases: diabetes, CVDs, musculoskeletal disorders and cancer.

• These conditions cause premature death and substantial disability, and

• Very high economic burden – Programmes related to PHC.

Health Condition

• Chronic Diseases↑• Obesity ↑• Mental Health ↑• Violence ↑• Sedentarism ↑• Junk Food ↑• Energy Consumption per capita ↑• Environmental Pollution ↑

Two New Menaces

• Climate Change• “Heat” Islands

Workers Health Determinants

Worker’sHealth

Climate Change Heat Islands

Life Styles

Environmental Pollution

OccupationalHazards

Health condition

Climate Change Impacts• Higher temperatures

– 2 oC • Higher Relative Humidity

– 2.2% from 1973 to 2003• Rising seas• Increased risk of drought, fire and floods • Stronger storms and increased storm damage • Changing landscapes • More heat-related illness and disease • Economic losses • Wildlife at risk

It is expected an increase of 1.5 to 2.8o Celsius increase in temperature by 2050 and 2080

Temperature Increase “Heat Island”

• Increase in Temperature by “Heat Island”– 5.8 a 8.0 oC, above present conditions – an average of 6.9 oC

• Total Temperature Increase– By 2050 1.5 + 6.9 = 8.4 oC– By 2080 2.8 + 6.9 = 9.7 oC

Health Effects of Heat Stress

The health effects caused by heat stress include: •heat cramps, •heat exhaustion •heat stroke. •Heat stress can also increase the risk from other health and safety hazards.

How all of these impact on the Working Conditions?

Ways of thermal exchange by the human body

Kingston max Ave Temp.

Kingston Rel HumAt 1:00 PM

Humidex Chart

Preventive Measures

Humidex Response Efficiency Provide 15 minutes relief per hour

Provide adequate cool (10–15 oC) water

At least 1 cup (240 mL) of water every 20 minutes

Workers with symptoms should seek medical attention

40 - 42 Provide 30 minutes relief per hour in addition to the provisions listed previously 50% If feasible provide 45 minutes relief per hour in addition to the provisions listed above If a 75% relief period is not feasible then stop work until Humidex is 42 or less for Humidex 1 or 46 or less for Humidex 2

45 or over Stop work until Humidex is 44 or less for Humidex 1 or 49 or less for Humidex 2 0%

38 - 39

75%

43 - 4425%

Who is going to be Impacted?

Labour Distribution By Sector

Goods Producing sectorAgriculture/Forestry/Fishing 216500Mining 9700Manufacturing 71200Construction/Installation 110900

Services Producing SectorsElectricity/Gas/Water 7600Wholesale/Retails/Hotels/Restaurants Services 269700Trsnasport/Storage/Communication 79700Finance/Insurance/Real Estate/Business Services 74100Community/Social/Personal services 317700Industry Not specified 1700Total Emploted Labour Force 1158800

Informal Workforce

• Self-employed• House-hold unpaid labor (family

members)• Independent Services Workers

40

Informal Workers are often unprotected in the Regulatory Arena

Informal Workforce

41

Informal Workforce

42

Informal Workforce

43

Max Monthly Temperature and Humidity in Kingston

Jan Feb Mar Apr may Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecMax Temp (oC) 29.8 29.6 29.8 30.3 30.8 31.2 31.7 31.9 31.7 31.3 31.1 30.5Relative Humidity 61 62 64 60 66 65 65 68 68 65 65 64

Climate Change and Heath IslandImpacts on Workers Environment

First Approach

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecHumidex Normal 38 38 40 39 42 42 43 45 45 42 42 41Max Temp+Climate Change 31.3 31.1 31.3 31.8 32.3 32.7 33.2 33.4 33.2 32.8 32.6 32Humidex Climate Change 41 41 42 42 45 45 45 48 47 45 45 43Max Temp Climate+Heat island 38.2 38 38.2 38.7 39.2 39.6 40.1 40.3 40.1 39.7 39.5 38.9Humidex 54 55 55 >57 >57 >57 >57 >57 >57 >57 >57 >57

Second Approach

How many hours would be lost per day?

Hourly Variation Relative Humidity and Temperature

Jan Feb


AprMar


May Jun


AugJul


Sep Oct


DecNov

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec10:00 Hrs 40 39 39 42 43 44 44 45 44 45 43 4113:00 Hrs 40 40 41 42 44 45 45 46 45 44 43 4016:00 Hrs 40 39 40 42 43 44 43 45 45 45 43 42% Rest 50 25 50 50 75 100 100 100 100 100 75 50Hrs Lost 3.0 1.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.5 3.0

Scenario 1: Hours Lost due to Climate Change

10:00 Hrs 45 43 45 46 50 51 51 52 50 50 50 4613:00 Hrs 45 45 46 48 49 51 53 53 51 50 50 4716:00 Hrs 45 45 46 47 48 51 53 51 51 50 49 47% Rest 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Hrs Lost 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Scenario 2: Hours Lost due to Climate Change + Heat Island (3 oC)

Number of Workers working Outdoors

Goods Producing sector

% Working Outdoor

Number WorkingOutdoor

Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing 216,500 70 151,550Mining 9,700 30 2,910Manufacturing 71,200 20 14,240Construction/Installation 110,900 70 77,630Total 408,300 246,330

Impact on Goods Producing Sector

Agriculture,Forestry,Fishing Mining Manufacturing

Construction,Installation Total

Jan 10,002,300 192,060 1,879,680 10,247,160 22,321,200Feb 5,001,150 96,030 1,879,680 10,247,160 17,224,020Mar 10,002,300 192,060 1,879,680 10,247,160 22,321,200Apr 10,002,300 192,060 1,879,680 10,247,160 22,321,200May 15,003,450 288,090 1,879,680 10,247,160 27,418,380Jun 20,004,600 384,120 1,879,680 10,247,160 32,515,560Jul 20,004,600 384,120 1,879,680 10,247,160 32,515,560Aug 20,004,600 384,120 1,879,680 10,247,160 32,515,560Sep 20,004,600 384,120 1,879,680 10,247,160 32,515,560Oct 20,004,600 384,120 1,879,680 10,247,160 32,515,560Nov 15,003,450 288,090 1,879,680 10,247,160 27,418,380Dec 10,002,300 192,060 1,879,680 10,247,160 22,321,200Total Hrs 175,040,250 3,361,050 22,556,160 122,965,920 323,923,380

Goods Producing sector

Economic Impact

Goods Producing sectorMinimum

Wage Total Hrs EconomicLossesAgriculture/Forestry/Fishing JMD 4,500.00 175,040,250 JMD 19,692,028,125.00Mining JMD 15,000.00 3,361,050 JMD 1,260,393,750.00Manufacturing JMD 13,946.00 22,556,160 JMD 7,864,205,184.00Construction/Installation JMD 7,650.00 122,965,920 JMD 23,517,232,200.00

Is our response to climate change influenced by Others?

I believe yes.

We are not giving attention to the real priorities.

Climate Change Contribute but is not the main factor

• Two to threes Celsius rise can lead to a three fold increase in dengue fever transmission

• If dengue cases are zero 0X3 = 0• 600 DALYs = 600/2.9 millions = 1.8 hrs/capita/year• Diarrhoeal diseases, sea food poisoning, and increases in dangerous

pollutants• Toxic algae bloom and increased cases of human shell fish ‐ and reef‐

fish poisoning.• Incidents of high temperature morbidity and mortality are

projected to increase.• Loss of food production → hunger and malnutrition• Asthma• Cerebrovascular (stroke)

Perfect Health

0

50

100

1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 60 80

Lev

el o

f H

ealt

h

Age, years

Healthy from womb to tomb

A Healthy Death

Healthy Years Lost (DALYS)

0

50

100

1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 60 80

Healthy time

Non – Healthy time

Lev

el o

f H

ealt

h

Age, years

Impact of Dengue in Labour Productivity

• 600 DALYs = 600/2.9 millions = 1.8 hrs/capita/year

• If 50% of workers get sick because of Dengue then

• 408,300 workers X 50% = 204,500 workers with Dengue

• 204,500 x 1.8 Hrs/Capita = 368,100 hrs , ~ 0.11% of total hours workers rest.

• Violence in terms of homicides represents 1578 or 70,000 DALYs

Overall recommendations for the Health Sector

• Public education in the management of stress;• Elimination of taxes on electric fans;• Increased public education in the areas of sanitation and

food poisoning;• Relevant agencies prepared for handling increases in the

incidents of food poisoning;• Public health inspections for mosquitoes, including pest and

rodent eradication;• Sustainable design standards for housing in areas subjected

to high rainfall and hurricane winds, for example, roofs can reduce heat absorption by painting them white or silver; windows need cross ventilation; and

• More attention to be paid to the design of settlements.

Second Communication Priorities in Health

• Better water monitoring and management;• Capacity building ODPEM to warn of hazards;• Improve data gathering ability and technical support staff for

monitoring and warning of air borne ‐ type diseases (Met Office);• More collaboration between research institutions re pollution

control;• Validate regional models and calibrate statistical models using all

available climate data ;• Support research institutions involved in environmental health risks;• Safe water storage drums; and• More proactive actions in pressing the case for mitigation of

greenhouse gases,.

Objective

Achieve Efficiency, Effectiveness and international competitiveness through the

Protection of workers health and safety from climate change impacts in Jamaica and the

Caribbean

Specific objectives• Assess the working conditions of workers in different

sectors in Jamaica related to humidity and temperature among others;

• Assess medical conditions of workers in different sectors

• Estimate future working conditions of workers using climate change predictions

• Prepare a Humidex Chart for the Caribbean• Prepare guidelines for the protection of workers health

and safety• Promote the use of Humidex Chart

Will Climate Change Affect Workers Environment?Will Climate Affect Vision 2030 Goals?

Are we prepared?

Thanks for Not Snoring

[email protected]

presentation johpa final

Documents

hours lost

climate change

human capital

food poisoning

dominican

united states

informal workforce

life styles