presentation by oecd at cbd cop13 on biodiversity and development, mainstreaming and managing for...
TRANSCRIPT
Biodiversity and Development:Mainstreaming and Managing for Results
Megha SUD and Galina ALOVAEnvironment Directorate and Development Co-operation Directorate
OECD side-event ‘Mainstreaming Biodiversity and Development’7 December 2016, CBD COP13, Cancún
• National level plans, programmes and strategies
• Institutional issues• Data and information• National Budgets
National Level
• Economic and biodiversity linkages
• Policy instrumentsSector Level
• Support to partner countries in mainstreaming
• Mainstreaming within portfolios and operations
Development Co-
operation
M&E• Indicators and baselines• Adaptive management
Desk-based research:
AustraliaBrazil China
Colombia France India
Mexico Myanmar
Nepal Philippines
South Africa Uganda
In-depth case studies with in-
country missions:Ethiopia
MadagascarPeru
Viet Nam
Drawing on insights on mainstreaming from a
broad range of countries
Content and overview
Examples of good practice across countries at national level
Brazil, Mexico: CONABIO Commission for Knowledge and Use of BiodiversityUganda: working group for NBSAP revision mandate renewed to mainstreaming biodiversity in National Development Plan
Madagascar, Ethiopia: environmental units in various Ministries
Peru: Close collaboration of Forestry Service, under Ministry of Agriculture, with Ministry of Environment
France: National study on public subsides harmful to biodiversity (Sainteny, 2011).
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Inter-ministerial platforms
Environment teams in all Ministries
Resolve overlapping mandates
National assessment of
harmful incentives
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More examples related to budget and financing
Expenditure reviews (e.g. BIOFIN countries)
WAVES e.g. in Madagascar as an input in donor conference to attract investment in natural capitalTEEB e.g. India, Brazil, and EFESE in France
Peru: PIP Verde - Guidelines for public investment in biodiversity
Collect data to identify financing gap
Valuation to build a case for biodiversity
Enabling environment for public & private
investment
Mainstreaming in budgets & private investment is strengthened by evidence-based case for financing biodiversity
Mainstreaming at sector level
Policies should:
• promote resource use efficiency
• ensure prices reflect cost of environmental impacts
• apply polluter pays principle or beneficiary pays principle
• encourage participatory management of natural resources
Good practice examplesAgriculture
• France and Viet Nam: Pesticides tax
• Ethiopia: Community engagement in soil and water management
Fisheries
• Australia: Annual fisheries status reports provide an independent evaluation of biological, economic and environmental status of fish stocks
• Peru: In 2009, IVQ system introduced for Peruvian anchovy
5Source: (OECD, forthcoming 2017) Biodiversity and Development: Mainstreaming and Management for Results
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Development finance remains a significant source of biodiversity financing
Source: OECD Creditor Reporting System, November 2016 http://oe.cd/RioMarkers
Increase in environment-related ODA to Ethiopia
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There is a potential for further mainstreaming in provider portfolios
Source: OECD Creditor Reporting System, November 2016 http://oe.cd/RioMarkers
Bilateral biodiversity-related ODA reached USD 8.7bn per year in 2014-15 6% of total bilateral ODA. Mainstreaming within top sector varies.
Type of Indicator
Input Process Output Outcome/Impact
Integrate biodiversity in NDPs XIntegrate biodiversity in sector plans XNational Ecosystem Assessment X
Assessment and removal of harmful subsidies (agriculture, fisheries, forestry)
X assess
Xreform
Type and number of policy instruments to address biodiversity externalities (e.g., taxes, fees, tradable permits, PES)
X
Amount of pesticide/fertiliser use per hectare X% of fish species over-exploited X X% change in primary forest loss XBiodiversity as % of overall ODA to sector, country, or in provider portfolio
X
% of development finance that jointly pursues objectives of biodiversity & other Rio Conventions
X
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Possible indicators to monitor mainstreaming
• South Africa: No. of tools developed for mainstreaming biodiversity & ecological infrastructure in production sectors & resource management
• Ethiopia: Rate of annual conversion of habitats to agriculture
• Viet Nam: % of important degraded ecosystems effectively recovered; rate of loss of natural forests and water surface area due to land-use conversion
• In Australia, France, Mexico, development of indicators is an action in the NBSAP
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Several NBSAPs refer to indicators to monitor progress towards mainstreaming
Key areas of OECD work on Biodiversity, Land Use and Ecosystems (BLUE)• Biodiversity Indicators, Valuation and Assessment• Economic Instruments, Incentives and Policies for Biodiversity• Biodiversity Finance, Development and Distributional Issues
Recent and forthcoming work • Biodiversity and Development: Mainstreaming and Managing for Results (OECD,
forthcoming, 2017)• Overcoming Barriers to Effective Biodiversity Policy Reform (OECD, forthcoming 2017)• Biodiversity Offsets: Effective Design and Implementation (OECD, 2016)• Biodiversity and Development Co-operation (OECD DCD Working Paper No. 21, 2015)• NEW! Biodiversity-related Official Development Assistance 2015 (November 2016)
Visitwww.oecd.org/env/biodiversity; www.oecd.org/environment/resources/mainstream-biodiversity/Project-level development finance data http://oe.cd/RioMarkers
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