presentation by: maive falconer ada topaz rascon

8/14/2019 Presentation by: Maive Falconer Ada Topaz Rascon

1/10

11Rock on!Rock on!

Rock On!Rock On!

Presentation by:Presentation by:

Maive FalconerMaive Falconer

Ada TopazAda Topaz

RasconRascon


2/10

Rock on!Rock on! 22

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Explain the phases of the rock cycle and identifythe 3 main types of rocks it forms

Identify basic rock types based on their physicaland chemical properties

Aligned with PDE standards:

S11.D.1.1.1 Classify and describe major types of rocks(i.e., igneous granite, basalt, obsidian, pumice;sedimentary limestone, sandstone, shale, coal; andmetamorphic slate, quartzite, marble, gneiss) andminerals (e.g., quartz, calcite, dolomite, clay, feldspar,mica, halite, pyrite) by their origin and formation.


3/10

Rock on!Rock on! 33

What is a Rock?What is a Rock?

Definition: a solid mass of mineral or

mineral-like matter that occurs naturally

3 main types: igneous, sedimentary,metamorphic

Basic characteristics for identification:

texture, mineral composition, color


4/10

Rock on!Rock on! 44

Rock Cycle ProcessesRock Cycle Processes

The rock cycle describes the continuousprocesses that cause rocks to change and form

These processes include:

Erosion

Deposition

Heat and pressure

Melting

Volcanic activity

Cooling


5/10

Rock on!Rock on! 55

The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle

Erosion

surface rock

is broken down

into sediments by wind, water

chemicals, & biological activity

Extreme heat &

pressure beneath surface

transform sedimentary rocks to

Metamorphic Rock

Melting

increased pressure &

heat deep inside the

earth causes the

rock to melt, forming

molten (liquid) rock

Deposition

Sediments are

dropped by wind or water,

then compacted

and cemented, forming

Sedimentary Rock

Cooling

As magma &lava rise toward

the surface, they

cool & solidify, forming

Igneous Rock

As layers of sedimentary rock

build

up, older layers are pushed down

beneath the earths surface

Molten rock beneath the

surface is called

magma. When magma

reaches the surface

through volcanic vent it iscalled lava.


6/10

Rock on!Rock on! 66

Basic properties used in rock identificationBasic properties used in rock identification1.)Texture arrangement of materials in the rock as follows:

Crystalline size and placement of visible crystals within the rock

Frothy or Vesicular rock contains pores, spaces or vesicles Glassy shiny, solid (non-crystalline) glassy texture

Fine or course grained fragments in the rock are visible (course grained)or can only be seen with a hand lens (fine grained)

Layered rock has visible evidence of layers

Banded layers within the rock show distinctive differences in thickness,color or texture.

2.) Composition minerals and other materials that form the rock

Specific types of minerals and mineral compounds

Form of the minerals (whole pieces, dissolved, precipitated particles)

Fossils

Clay


7/10

Rock on!Rock on! 77

Comparison of Basic Rock TypesComparison of Basic Rock Types

Foliated magma moves into

rock and coolsNonfoliated magma forms

into a solid mineral vein

Clastic formed from physically

weathered sedimentChemical formed from mineral

precipitates

Extrusive on surface

Intrusive beneath surface

Origin

Foliated shale, slate, granite,

volcanic rock

Nonfoliated limestone,

quartz, bituminous coal

Clastic clay minerals and

quartz

Chemical Calcite, CaC03,

Quartz, Gypsum, Halite, NaCl,

altered plant fragments

Granitic , light colored

silicate minerals

Basaltic dark colored

silicate minerals

Major Composition

features

Foliated:

Slate very fine grain,

smooth dull surface

Phyllite fine grain w/ glossy

surface

Schist med. to course

grain w/ layering

Gneiss med to course

grain w/ banding

Nonfoliated:

Marble med to course

interlocking grains

Quartzite med. to course

fused grains

Anthracite fine grained

shiny/glassy texture

Clastic crystal and grain

depend on mineral composition

and can vary greatly within the

same rock

Chemical most are finegrained w/ small crystals (i.e..

limestone, chalk, coquina,

bituminous coal). Those made

from quartz, gypsum, halite and

NaCL can have course texture

w/ large crystals.

Extrusive large crystals,

course grain,

Intrusive small crystals,

fine grained or glassy

extrusive - fine

Banding indicates varied

age and rates of cooling

Texture

MetamorphicSedimentaryIgneousProperty


8/10

Rock on!Rock on! 88

Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock

conglomerate Coral

sandstone


9/10

Rock on!Rock on! 99

Igneous RockIgneous Rock

Peridot

Feldspar


10/10

Rock on!Rock on! 1010

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic Rock

Foliated

Non-foliated

(anthracite)

presentation by: maive falconer ada topaz rascon

Documents