INDICATORS RELEVANT TO AICHI TARGET 3

Katia KarousakisBiodiversity Team LeaderOECD Environment Directorate

CBD COP13, December 2016

Policy Response Indicators from the OECD

• OECD works in a number of areas e.g., environment, agriculture, fisheries, development co-operation

• OECD provides… forum to exchange country experiences and

good practicepolicy analysis comparable data to track policy developments

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Overview

• Examined several OECD datasets to evaluate relevance to Aichi Target 3 (incentives) and 20 (resource mobilisation)

Policy Instruments for the Environment database PSE/CSE database on agricultural support Fossil fuel subsidies OECD DAC Rio-Markers amongst others

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Biodiversity policy response indicators

‘Biodiversity Policy Response Indicators’ (OECD ENV Working Paper No. 90, 2015)

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Policy Instruments for the Environment database – what is it?

Policy Instruments included:• Environmentally-related taxes, fees and charges• Tradable permit systems• Environmentally-motivated subsidies• Deposit refund schemes• Voluntary approaches

Environmental domains: • Water pollution• Air pollution• Climate change• Land contamination• Waste management• Noise

• Natural resources management

• Energy efficiency• Transport• Land management• Biodiversity

Data on more than 2900 instruments

58 countries

Information on instruments and

revenue supplied by countries

All countries welcome to

provide information!

oe.cd/pine

• Biodiversity-relevant taxes, fees, charges include: Charges on tourist-related services and structures

- Great Barrier Reef Fee on hunting licence Entrance fee for National Parks Forest products harvest tax

• Currently, 23 countries include information on biodiversity-relevant taxes (22 are OECD member countries)

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Policy Instruments for the Environment database: biodiversity-relevant taxes

oe.cd/pine

• Tradable permits schemes represent 4% of all biodiversity-related instruments

• Currently, the PINE database contains information on 34 biodiversity-relevant tradable permit schemes in 23 different countries – Most frequently, tradable hunting permits

and transferable fishing quotas

oe.cd/pine 6

Policy Instruments for the Environment database: biodiversity-relevant tradable permits

Revenue from environmentally related taxesin % GDP, 2014

USD 6 billion per year = Revenue from biodiversity-relevant taxes in OECD countries (only 0.7% of the total revenue from environmentally relevant taxes)

oe.cd/pine

• In 2017-2018, will aim to include two new policy instruments in the PINE database:

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PINE database – planned work

Payments for ecosystem services (PES)Biodiversity offsets

Trends in potentially environmentally harmful agricultural support

Source: OECD Secretariat calculations based on OECD PSE/CSE database, 2016.All countries welcome to provide information

OECD agricultural support to farmers by potential environmental impact

1990

1991

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2001

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2009

2010

2011

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0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000Most harmful Least harmful OtherUSD mn

Potentially most environmentally harmful support

Key areas of OECD work on Biodiversity, Land Use and Ecosystems (BLUE)

Biodiversity Indicators, Valuation and Assessment Economic Instruments, Incentives and Policies for Biodiversity Biodiversity Finance, Development and Distributional Issues

Previous and forthcoming work • Marine Protected Areas: Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes

(OECD, forthcoming 2017) • Overcoming Barriers to Effective Biodiversity Policy Reform (OECD, forthcoming

2017)• Biodiversity Offsets: Effective Design and Implementation (OECD, 2016) NEW!• Biodiversity Policy Response Indicators (OECD ENV Working Paper No. 90, 2015)• Scaling Up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity (OECD, 2013)• Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for

Ecosystem Services (OECD, 2010)Visit: www.oecd.org/env/biodiversity

http://www.oecd.org/environment/resources/mainstream-biodiversity

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katia.karousakis@oecd.org