presentation by dr. sandeep rai - the development of brain’s defenses against psychological &...

8/14/2019 Presentation by Dr. Sandeep Rai - The Development of Brains Defenses against Psychological & Physiological Stress

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Consciousness and Neurobiology

The Development of Brains Defenses against

Psychological & Physiological Stress

Associate Professor & Unit HeadPost Graduate Dept. of Internal MedicineMahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College & Hospitals

Incharge : Division of DM; Endo ; Metabolism

Hon. Director Research and Development

Int. S Y Research and Health Centre, Mumbai, India

DR. SANDEEP RAI


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A Working Definition Of StressA Working Definition Of Stress

The natural response of the body to anyThe natural response of the body to any

demand placed upon it.demand placed upon it.

----HansHansSelyeSelye, M.D., 1946, M.D., 1946

Mental, emotional, or physical strain,Mental, emotional, or physical strain,tension or distress.tension or distress.

----WebsterWebsters New Riversides New RiversideDictionaryDictionary


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DID YOU KNOW ?DID YOU KNOW ?

* 13 billion doses of tranquilizers are prescribed yearly* 13 billion doses of tranquilizers are prescribed yearly

for stress related psychological problems.for stress related psychological problems.

* Chronic stress is 6 times more predictive of heart* Chronic stress is 6 times more predictive of heart

disease and cancer than smoking, high cholesterol,disease and cancer than smoking, high cholesterol,

high BP.high BP.

* In U.K. over half a million people suffer from stress,* In U.K. over half a million people suffer from stress,

more than 59% elderly people complain of stressmore than 59% elderly people complain of stress

related disorders more than once a month.related disorders more than once a month.

* There are estimated 50 thousand stress related suicide* There are estimated 50 thousand stress related suicide

cases each year.cases each year.


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STRESS DID YOU KNOW?

* Stress is recognized as the number one killer today

* According to the AMA, stress is the cause of 80 to 85 %

of all human illness and disease

* Each week, 9.5 million Americans suffer from somestress related symptoms for which they takemedication

* American businesses lose an estimated $200-$300billion per year to stress related productivity loss


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Anatomy of StressAnatomy of Stress

Stress

Eustress DistressGood stress, could be a motivator.Good stress, could be a motivator. Too much to bear becomes distress.Too much to bear becomes distress.


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Sources of StressSources of Stress

The GoodThe GoodGet married

Have children

Buy a new home

Go on vacationNew Job

Promotion

The BadThe BadBreak a leg

Spouse losesjob

Kid let introuble

Lose wallet

In-laws coming

The UglyThe UglyNasty car accident

Bankruptcy

Divorce

Loved one dying


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Stressful Life EventsStressful Life Events

CatastrophesCatastrophes unpredictable, largeunpredictable, large--scale eventsscale events

e.g., war, earthquakee.g., war, earthquake

can have significant health consequencescan have significant health consequences

Life ChangesLife Changes e.g., death, marriage, divorce, loss of jobe.g., death, marriage, divorce, loss of job

make person more vulnerable to diseasemake person more vulnerable to disease

Daily HasslesDaily Hassles annoying events in everyday lifeannoying events in everyday life

e.g., rush hour traffic, roommatese.g., rush hour traffic, roommates

cumulative effect on healthcumulative effect on health


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The Stress Response is theThe Stress Response is the

BodyBodyss 911911 SystemSystem


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General Adaptation SyndromeGeneral Adaptation Syndrome

Three stages:Three stages:

1.1. Alarm stageAlarm stage

-- Emergency reaction (fightEmergency reaction (fight--oror--flight)flight)

2.2. Resistance stageResistance stage

-- Coping and fightingCoping and fighting

3.3. Exhaustion stageExhaustion stage

-- Termination of stress responseTermination of stress response

and onset of stress pathologyand onset of stress pathology

(more accurate is prolonged(more accurate is prolonged

activation of stress response)activation of stress response)


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BIOLOGY OF STRESS RESPONSEBIOLOGY OF STRESS RESPONSEHypothalamus activates sympathetic nervousHypothalamus activates sympathetic nervous

systemsystem


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The HPA axis releases stressThe HPA axis releases stress

hormoneshormones

Activation of theActivation of the HPA axisHPA axis initiatesinitiates

cascade of hormone releasecascade of hormone release thatthatultimatelyultimately increasesincreases the amount ofthe amount of

cortisolcortisol & epinephrine in blood& epinephrine in blood


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Dept. of Physiology:Lady Hardinge Medical College &

Associated Hospitals New Delhi, India

Gr. I: 10 Subjects trained to achieve Thoughtless Awareness(Sahaja State) for 12 Weeks

Gr. II: 10 Subjects already trained in achieving Thoughtless

Awareness (Sahaja State) ( 2 to 6 years )

* Each Individual acted as his own control.Readings were taken at 4, 8 & 12 weeks.* Parameters Studies, HR, RR, BP, GSR Urinary

VMA,Blood Lactic Acid


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Gr. I: HR at 0 weeksbefore & after Sahaja

State

77.5 --------------76.3

HR after 12weeks

before & after Sahaja

State

73.2---------------66.3

Statistically significant

Results &

Discussions


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Those subjects already

practicing Sahaja State

Mean Heart Rate/min

before & after SahajaState

72.9-------------------65.4


Results &

Discussions

74

72

70

68

66

64

62

00 5 10 15 20 25

=

Heart rate of group II subjects

5 Mins beforeSahaja Yoga

20 Mins duringSahaja Yoga

5 Mins afterSahaja Yoga

Hea

rtrate/min

Sahaja State Sahaja State Sahaja State


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Systolic Blood

Pressure

Gr. I: Systolic BP at 0

weeks before and after

Sahaja State

121.7----------------119

Systolic BP at 12 weeks

before and after Sahaja

State

115-------------------104


124

122

120

118

116

114

112

110

108

106

104

0

0 5 10 15 20 25

=

Systolic b lood pressure in group I

subjects after Sahaja yoga Training




control

4 weeks

8 weeks

12 weeks

SystolicBloodPressureinmmo

fHg


Systolic Blood pressure in group I

Subjects after Sahaja State training


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Diastolic Blood

Pressure

Gr. I: Diastolic BP at 0


Sahaja State

83.7----------------83

Diastolic BP at 12 weeks


State

76-------------------72

Statistically not significant

84

82

80

78

76

74

72

70

00 5 10 15 20 25

=

Diastolic blood pressure in group I

subjects after Sahaja yoga Training




control

4 weeks

8 weeks

12 weeks

DiastolicBloodP

ressureinmmo

fHg


Diastolic blood pressure in group I

Subjects after Sahaja State training


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21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

0

0 5 10 15 20 25

=




control

4 weeks

8 weeks

12 weeks

Breath

s/min

Respiratory rate in group I subjects SahajaRespiratory

Rate/min

Gr. I: Respiratory rate at 0


Sahaja State

20.75----------------19.12

Respiratory rate at 12 weeks


State

17.5-------------------12.25


Gr. II: Mean RR

13.8--------------------10.3

Statistically significantSahaja State Sahaja State Sahaja State

Respiratory rate in group I Subjects in Sahaja State


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Gr I Control of 43

Kohm increased to 104Kohm and further

Increased to 121.7

Kohm during 20

minutes of Sahaja

State


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Gr. II 130 Kohm

Starting which

increased to 181.85

Kohm

During 20 minutes.

GSR in subjects

Already practicing

Sahaja State


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Decrease in sympathetic activity causes decrease insweating in palms and leads to increased GSR.

In short, Sahaja State knocks off the over activeSympathetic Nervous System, which is often seen asa Cardinal manifestation of Stress.

GALVANIC SKIN RESISTANCE

Changes in Skin Resistance are measure of Sweatgland activity.

Inactive sweat glands offer increased resistance.

It is well known that Sweat gland activity is controlled bySympathetic Nervous System.


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This Cooling sensation is objectively also

recorded during Sahaja State

Gr I There was

0.4 degree C drop in

palmar skin temp.

after 12 weeks

Gr II There was

approx 0.75 degree

C drop in palmar

Skin Temp.


Group II

Group I


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STRESS: BAD MOLECULES !!Blood Lactic Acid Concentrations

Blood Lactic acid levels drop in both groups significantly

Blood lactate levels have been shown to increase in anxiety neurosis patients

and indeed Pitts (1967) has shown that infusion of lactate ions can produce

anxiety symptoms in predisposed individuals

15141312110

loodlacticacidmg%

Control8 weeks12weeks

*p


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STRESS : BAD MOLECULES !!URINARY VMA

Gr I Initial Value 5.72/24 hrs dropped to 4.15 mg/24 hrs.

Gr II Value dropped from 3.74 mg/24 hrs to 3.17/24 hrs.

Both results statistically significant.

Subjects already

practicing

Sahaja State


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1. These physiological parameters studied are theparameters influenced during stress.

2. Various studies have shown that in stress there is

increase in HR,RR,BP, U.VMA & blood lactate

levels.

Hence Sahaja State a Unique state of

Consciousness (Thoughtless Awareness or Mental

Silence State) causes a de-stressing effect on thebody and helps the Development of Brains

defenses against Psychological and Physiological

Stress.

Physiological changes during Sahaja State


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EEG andEEG and Thoughtless AwarenessThoughtless Awareness

Aftanas LI, et al. 2001


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STRESS and IMMUNE FunctionSTRESS and IMMUNE Function


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Links Between the Neuroendocrineand Immune Systems


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Conducted At:INTERNATIONAL SAHAJA YOGA REASEARCH & HEALTH CENTER, MUMBAI,

INDIA

STUDY : Effect of Alteration of Consciousness

Thoughtless Awareness on Psychological Health

Conducted By:

MEDICINE & PSYCHIATRY DEPT. OF MAHATMA GANDHI MISSIONMEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITALS, MUMBAI, INDIA

Investigators :

* Dr.Sandeep Rai Dr.Shaunak Ajinkya Dr.Madhur Rai

Dr.Shilpa Tatpare


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Participants:

* Total of 178 subjects were recruited in the study.

* 80 male & 98 female.

* Age ranging from 18 to 66 years.

* Study population represented

a cross section of people all over

the world.* Study period : One year

Methods:

Central theme Thoughtless Awareness or Sahaja State by Sahaja

Meditation




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Methods:

* Self reporting questionnaire GHQ was given to all before and after

the study period

* Based on the scores two groups were made

* First group Apparently normal mental health

* Second group Psychological problems

* CAS and BDI were additionally given to second group

Results:



GROUP 1 : Apparently normal mental health

* Mean GHQ scores decreased from 52 to 40 (p < 0.001) Significant change

GROUP 2 :* Mean GHQ scores decreased from 72 to 46 (p


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Analysis :

* Psychological health significantly improved in both groups(p


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No problem can be solved from the same levelof consciousness that created it

Albert Einstein


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