presentation bridge construction ppt
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Bridge Construction TechniquesTRANSCRIPT
7/16/2019 Presentation Bridge Construction PPT
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Construction of Bridges
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Materials suitable for the Construction of
Long-span Bridges
1. Stone – in arch masonry
2. Steel – in girder or box-section constructed in steel
plates and standard sections
3. Steel – truss constructed of standard sections
4. Reinforced Concrete – in arch or spanned forms5. Tensioned RC – in various forms
6. Precast – mainly in box-section girder
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Common Bridge Forms
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Simple Supported – span effective from 10m to 60mActual example – Route 3
Interchange at Au Tau, Yuen Long
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Continuous Span – from 10m to 100m
Actual example – construction of a span of continual section
of elevated highway bridge at Route 3, Kwai Chung
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Balanced Cantilever – span from 25m to 200m
Actual example – balanced cantilever bridge series
forming the approach to the Ting Kau Bridge
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Balanced cantilever bridge
for viaduct of West Rail at
Au Tau Interchange
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Balanced Cantilever Suspended Span – span from 50m to 300m
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Steel Truss – 50m to 100m
Actual example –
5-span steel truss
bridge in western
part of Pearl River,
Guangzhou
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Steel Arch (framed or trussed) – from 150m to 500m
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Sydney Harbour Bridge
and its approach
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Close up view of the
bridge trusses
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Close up of the bridge at
the tower support
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Cable suspension – from 400m to 1500m
The 1377m
span Tsing
Ma Bridge
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Concrete Arch (ribbed or unribbed) – from 50m to 300m
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Steel Arch – from
100m to 500m
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The actual example – LuPoa Bridge, Shanghai (550m main span)
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Cable stayed (multi-spanned) – from 50 to 500m per span
The 3-span cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge
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Cable stayed span – from 200m to 800m
Actual example – the connecting bridge from
Macau Mainland to the Island of Taipa in Macau
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Example of box-sectioned
steel girder bridge
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Structural Elements for Typical Bridges
1. Foundation –for bridge towers, portal frames or piers
2. Bridge Tower – the vertical supporting structure for cablesuspension or cable-stayed bridges
3. Pier – the vertical supporting structure for usual spanned bridges
4. Portal frame – cross beam between piers to support the deck
5. Bridge deck – the horizontal part of a bridge that support pedestrian or traffic activities
6. Bridge anchor – required only for suspension bridges tocounter resist the pull from the suspension cable
7. Suspension cable – for suspension and cable-stayed bridges
for the hanging, support or counter-balancing of the bridgedeck
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The foundation of
the bridge tower of
Ting Kau Bridgeon Tsing Yi side
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The foundation for the
Bridge Tower of Tsing MaBridge on the Tsing Yi side
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Forming the foundation for piers of elevated highway bridges
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Pier supports for an
elevated roadway
A portal frame serving
also as a transfer beam
in the Route 3/AirportRailway at Kwai Chung
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Falsework for theconstruction a
portal frame
id f i id d hi id
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Bridge tower for Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shiu Mun Bridge
Tsing Ma Tower
B id f S B id
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Bridge tower for Stonecutter Bridge
Bridge tower & side span/approach bridge of Stonecutter Bridge
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Bridge tower & side span/approach bridge of Stonecutter Bridge
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The forming of the cable
anchor of Tsing Ma
Bridge on Ma Wan side
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The forming of the cable
anchor of Tsing Ma
Bridge on Tsing Yi side
Forming the deck of the
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Forming the deck of the
approach section of Tsing
Ma Bridge on Ma Wan sideusing erection and hoisting
approach
Forming the deck of
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Forming the deck of
the approach section
of Tsing Ma Bridgeon Tsing Yi side
C l ti th d k f
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Completing the deck of
Tsing Ma Bridge (abutting
section at Tsing Yi side) by erecting of the steel
truss at spot
Hoisting and erecting
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Hoisting and erecting
of the modulated
bridge deck for theTsing Ma Bridge
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Forming the bridge deck of
Ting Kau Bridge usingmodulated steel girder frames
L i h d k f h l
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Laying the precast deck of the steel
girder frame
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Other methods to form the deck of bridges
1. Balanced cantilever method
2. Construct in-situ
3. Construct using precast beam
4. Construct using precast girder section and erected by a
launching machine (viaduct)5. Construct using incremental launching method
(the photos of project cases as shown in the following pages are for
reference only in order to help students to understand more
about bridge construction)
Forming the deck of
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Forming the deck of
the Ting Kau Bridge
approach section usinga special balanced-
cantilever traveling
formwork system
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The Ting Kau Bridge
approach section
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Construction of a sectionof elevated railway track
in the KCR Ma On Shan
Line using in-situ method
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The laying of precast
beams to form thedeck of the Route 3
elevated roadway at
Kwai Chung
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Hoisting of the precast beamsusing a special launching gantry
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Construction of anelevated highway bridge
using precast girder
erected by the use of alaunching machine
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Launching gantry used to erect precast girders to
form a span of an elevated bridge (viaduct)
A bridge in the Fo Tan
R d I t
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Road Improvement
Project making use of Incremental Launching
method to span across the
servicing KCR rail line
Alignment of servicing rail line
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– elevated roadway constructed in the
form of viaduct
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Route 3 – Kwai Chung Section
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Route 3 – Country Park Section at Au Tau Interchange
Hung Hom Bypass
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Tsing Yi North Coastal Roadway
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Highway project inMa On Shan
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Launching gantry used in the Hung Hom Bypass
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Launching gantry used in
Route 3 at Au Tau Interchange
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Launching gantry used
in Tsing Yi North
Coastal Roadway
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Launching gantry used in the Ma On Shan highway project (T7)
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Launching Gantry
used in the Route 3Kwai Chung section
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Launching Gantry
used in the Route 8
Tsing Yi Section
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Layout of the bridgeapproach/interchange
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Front leg
Master winch
Rear leg
Slave winch
Rear
support
HangersFront
support
116m long
Main Truss
(For end span and 1st pair segment erection)(SWL = 105 T)
(SWL = 120T)
Elevation of the Launching Machine
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A review of other highway and railway bridges
– construction of the viaduct systems
for the West Rail projects
Viaduct for railway
track of the Kowloon
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track of the Kowloon
Canton Railway WestRail at the northwestern
part of the New
Territory, Hong Kong
Some sections of viaduct
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spanning more than 40mat Au Tau Interchange
Forming the viaduct
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g
for railway track using the under-
slung girder and
longitudinal beam
supported method
E i f h i d
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Erection of the viaduct
using balanced cantilever
arrangement with
temporary anchor before
completion of a span
Precast box girders
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used for the viaduct
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A section of viaduct with provision for an extension to the future northern link
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Construction of some
sections of elevated railway
track using in-situ method
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Constructing the linking bridge between Tung Chung and Chek lap Kok
(the Airport Railway) using Incremental Launching method
Trends in the Construction of Bridges in HK
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Construction of large and long-span bridges is of no doubt a part of the major infrastructure development for a city,
which is, again, a reflection of the economical climate and
development strategy of the area.
On the construction side, the limited land reserve in Hong
Kong does imposes stringent conditions especially where
the options and cost effectiveness of constructing a bridgeis concerned. To cope with these considerations, a few
world-class bridges over 1000m span are yet scheduled for
completion in the coming decade, in view of keeping Hong
Kong to be competitive in particular within the highly
economic-active region in the southern part of China. The
construction of these bridges is, without much choice, in the
form of either cable-stayed or suspension bridges.
The construction of other medium to short-span bridges are
becoming much popular recently as part of the highway
improvement strategy in Hong Kong.
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p gy g g
The shortage of space for highway improvement works, the
involvement of complicated interchanging provisions, the
familiarization of bridge construction techniques in catering
various local constraints with acceptable cost, are factors that made
bridges of this type becoming popular.
Some inherited difficulties such as the requirement of large amount
of working spaces for the forming, transporting and storing of the
roomy precast elements; the operation of the launching works, or
arrangement for traffic diversion within existing busy roadway,
still makes roadwork under urban environments complicated and costly. Needless to mention working in environmental sensitive
locations such as where protection to natural habitats or rural
culture is required; or where waste, noise and dust problems are of ultimate concern.
The cost for constructing bridges are unavoidably high in
particular working within congested and complicated urban
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particular working within congested and complicated urban
environment like Hong Kong.
As a tradition, bridges and elevated highway structures in Hong
Kong are mainly constructed in concrete. As a cost saving option,steel bridge, say, in hollow section, box-girder or any other
feasible design, may be alternative choices for highway bridges,
like those commonly used in Mainland China or Japan. Thesaving in initial cost and construction time of using such
alternatives may provide surplus capitals and expedite the
ongoing infrastructure projects, this is essential especially in theforthcoming years when the economic situation is expected to be
less favourable than before.
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