1.By DDA

2. ContentPart I Introduction to Dawei About Deep Seaport and Special Economic Zone Timeline of Dawei Development AssociationPart II Lessons from Mad Ta Phut Current Situation 3. capitalformer name - Tavoybounded by Thailand on the east and Adman Seaon the westfour townships & two sub-townshipsLanguages Dawei DialectPopulation about 500000Ethnicities Dawei, Karen, Mon and othersLocal Economy Fishery , Agriculture and othersAncient Dawei Cities 4 4. Overview Project area250 > 205 square Km Total population32,274 Households3977 Villages19 (industry estate) InfrastructureUS $ 8.6 billion Industrial estate US $ 58 billion 5. Farming> Over 9,000 acres Rubber > Over 9,000 acres Cashew > Over 12,000 acres Plantation > Over 8,000 acres Others > Over 1,000 acres 6. DAWEIProject Area 7. ITD Co.ltd is the developer of Dawei Deep sea Port whichis a giant construction company of Thailand. MOU in 2008 June signed by Italian-Thai and MyanmaPort Authority. to build DSP and SEZ in Dawei. On the 2nd of November 2010, the Company signed theFramework Agreement with the MPA and the Ministryof Transport of the Union of Myanmar.http://www.itd.co.th/en/news_02Nove53.php 10 X bigger than Mab Ta Phut in Thailand 8. Dawei Deep Sea Port and SEZ Project BackgroundTime table Main work Total Investments(million baht)Preparation MoU with Myanmar Gov. on June 2008 Not yet clear.(2008-2011) Feasibility study & Conceptual Master Plan MoA Myanmar Port Authority (MPA), Ministry of Transport with Myanmar Port Authority (MPA), Ministry of Transport on Nov. 2010 - The most maximum land rent 75 years. - MPA has share 20% with no real capital investment. Promote project to foreigner investors Road construction to Thai borderPhase 1Mainly construction on deep sea port, infrastructure and141,615(2010-2014)associated workPhase 2Mainly construction on infrastructure and associated work 24,874(2013-2017)Phase 3Mainly construction on trans-border corridor, deep sea136,504(2015-2019)port and infrastructureTotal investment 302,993ITDs share during construction period for 10 years up to163,000 54% of total investment 9. Roads Railways Transmission Lines Oil & Gas Pipelines200 m. 10. 350 KM DAWEIPROJECTKANCHANABURI160 KM BANGYAI71 KM 110 KMBANGKOKTHAILAND 11. Temporary Small PortAvailable for use as of June 2011 Road Link To ThailandAccess Road 90% complete (as of June2011) Water Reservoir 400 MW Coal Power Plant Water and Waste Water Treatment Plan 12. Good location geographically for port development Natural water of East-West corridor of AisaStrategic location depth Natural shelter is good for anchorage No physical underwater and sub-soil obstructionsNo laws mandating environmental impact assessments Sufficient flat hinterland for Industrial Sufficient have the freedom of speech or assemblyCitizens dont supply of local constructionmaterials Dawei Development Company Ltd report on June 2011 13. Some industries arenot suitable to belocated in Thailand.This is why theydecided to set upthere [in Dawei]. According to an article in The International Herald Tribune (An Industrial Project That Could Change Myanmar,Nov. 26, 2010), 14. Thailand needed todiversify its developmentstrategy and stop relyingso much on heavyindustry. I dont think thepeople want it in theirbackyard.On the 11th of October2010, the Bangkok Post interview 15. Cheap LaborYou have to think of Myanmar as Thailand 50The cheapest in Asia,even less than inyears ago. TheresBangladesh. nothing in the country but wilderness and cheap labor.ITD Project Manager Somchet Thinaphong. _Surin Vichian, the ITD project manager in charge of engineering.The Irrawaddy, 8 June 2011,available at The International Herald Tribune, 26 Nov.http://www.irrawaddy.org/art 2010, available aticle.php?art_id=21452. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/27/world/ asia/27iht-myanmar.html. 16. Livelihoods of local people There is no other place like our village. we have enough to cook and eat. We cannot access such a place elsewhere. 17. Farmers > 59.3% ( 4,038 acres = 16.34 KM ) Plantation > 26.9% ( 9,270 acres = 37.51 KM )Main plants cashew, areca, rubberOther PlantsMango, coconut, tamarind,durian, jack fruits, etc86% of workforce depends on their land Fishing > 2.4 % 18. Livelihoods of local people 19. the developer or investor shall bear theexpenses of transferring and payingcompensation... Moreover, he shall carry out to fulfilfundamental needs of persons whotransfer so as not to lower their originalstandard. 20. ownership ( dama-ucha ) No information provided Appraised compensation Vs RequestedamountPlantsAppraisedRequest ed (B) Requested (S)Cashew 9,000 kyats 100,000 kyats50,000 kyatsRubber15,000 kyats 300,000 kyats100,000kyatsAreca9,000 kyats 100,000 kyats50,000 kyatsDurian10,000 kyats 150,000 kyats75,000 kyats One rubber plant earns up to 14,400 kyats per year 21. No clear information provided Planned relocation area Negotiation process Approach to monk Forced to sign (Min Dat) 123 acres of plantation 22. Facts about compensation for land and buildingsthat will be relocated and the loss of long-term plants houses house School Monast Office Clinic Cashew Rubber Areca Tamarin Durian Mango Coconut Jack Others TotalVillage holds aryd Htein415405224216 188012369 493282104 47049091314 28017 GyeeMa Yin13613511218657 8798407409723836483 756 17535Gyee Pa Ra321314111 3293 27794298640221543 30218491389 17834DatMu Du 343347214971 64156820852221866 16778221054 24499Le610626121 2366 53796039563114 1996 34729931358 22280ShaungNyaung52 52 111516 128163 104 22 46 1979Bin SeikAll Total 18771879881 118548 16510 38324 3083 226 8644 16814 4078 5917 112144 23. 550Thai workers among 721 labors Myanmar Worker - 5500 Kyats Thai worker 400 Bhats Myanmar have no law to set minimumlabor salary for citizens. We Thai have it. ITD supervisor 24. 23.6 acre > Kyats (497) lakhs 20,000 acres can be sold for (3,200)LakhsAcresTime Amount6177560 years 30 B kyats160 years 485,63311 Year 809311 month675 25. I have no idea of how we willsurvive if our lands were gone.We have been working on theselands for generations.I prayed a big project would notcome true. A farmer from Nabule 26. Since 2008 Before DDA in Dawei 27. We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors.We borrow it from our children. 28. Toimprove Social, Economic, andEnvironmental sectors Implementing and focus in 4 townships DDA Structure Coordination body (Yangon) Management Committee & members(Dawei) Implementing Body (Dawei) 29. Press conference on 15-12-2011 30. Ministry of Energy (2) announced to thepress on 9th January, 2012 that theproposed 4,000 megawatt coal-firedpower plant which is part of the DaweiSpecial Economic Zone (DSEZ) iscancelled. But the feasibility of building400 megawatt coal-fired plant is beingconsidered for initial stage. Source: Weekly Eleven, Voice 31. Lessons from Mab Ta Phut, Rayong 32. Facts about Rayong Once known for its agricultural andfishery produces & products, andcoastal tourismGross Provincial Product 1981 (at constant price 1988):million BahtAgricultureTrade and servicesIndustry and mining 33. Implementation of EasternSeaboard (ESB) DevelopmentProgram since 1982 aimed atregional development for nationalbenefits ESB was pushed by severalNational Economic and SocialDevelopment Plans Mab Ta Phut Industrial Estatescomprise of five major estates;the main industries are oilrefineries, gasseparation, petrochemical, metal, and power plants 34. The largest industrial estatein Thailand and the fifth largestin the WorldTotal area of the 5 Industrial Estates16,891 raiRIL IE Asia IEHemaraj IE Mab Ta Phut IE Pa Daeng IE44 35. Map Ta Phut and the nearby area are located with109 large factories and many other facilities, including3 industrial deep seaports, 3 oil refining plants5 upstream petrochemical plants40 intermediate and downstream petrochemical plants29 chemical plants, 1 chemical fertilizer plant10 gas production plants12 iron&steel and other metal plants4 petroleum tank farms, 2 secure landfills3 coal power plants, several gas power plants. 36. 19881991 2003 37. Mab Ta Phut Town Plans 199 1 1988Expansion of 200industrial area3into 38. The example of Asia Industrial Estate 26 39. August 009February2010 40. where houses are buffer 41. 297 Stacks109 Factories 42. The worst foul smell incident occurred in 1997 whichcaused hundreds of students and teachers from the MapTa Phut Phanpittayakarn Secondary School fallen sickand brought to the hospital nearby. At present the Schoolwas moved to the new place which was five km. awayfrom the MTP IE.Photo by Bangkok Post 43. EmissionsStandards were set for 9 VOCs in 2008but up to present3 VOCs still highly exceed the standardsExplosionsLeakage 44. Thelaw enforces EIA of each project But no cumulative impact analysis Decision of the National EnvironmentBoard in 1998 on Carrying Capacity The Study on the Carrying Capacity ofSo2, NOx, PM10 of the Mab Ta Phut area If the carrying capacity is full, no more EIAwill be approved until the problems aresolved. 45. Politics of Pollution The study actually started in 2001 Not finalize yet (even until the present! 2011) And the National Environment Board made decision in Jan. 2007 to extend the study for one more year! Many EIAs (around 100 projects) have been approved during the study period. 46. Contamination of heavy metals in well waterand VOCs in ground water 47. Empirical evidence: sea water contaminatedwith mercury and heavy metals 48. Sanitary landfill by EIA ?? 49. Hazardous Waste DumpingIn the Vicinity of Map Ta Phut Area Photo by EPN 50. Hazardous Waste Dumping Photo by EPNIn the Vicinity of Map Ta Phut Area 51. Landreclamationon theshore:location forpowerplants, seaport, etc. 52. Collapsed house & Eroded shore 53. After reparationSevere coastal erosion caused by land reclamation and deepseaport of the MTP IE,Rayong provincePhoto by CAIN, 2002 54. How many years to identify as pollution? How many years to accept as problem? How many years to enforce and control? How many years to finally solve theproblem? 55. But wait!! Are Rayong people richer or happier?? 56. Indicators Rayon Nakho CountrygnAverage Patho mGPP per capita in 2004 691,0 121,38 101,304 Baht/head/year93 1Income per household 21,08 20,478 14,778 Baht/month 3Proportion of people with 5.602.36 11.25poverty per centUnemployment rate per cent1.80.51.3Rate of new HIV/AIDS patients15.80.63.3 per 100,000 peopleRate of households affected by8.24.24.7 57. Out-patients Respiratory diseases1984-2004 700peopleper1,000!!Per one thousand people Rayong National Central Region1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 YearYear 58. All sites Cancer and Leukemia incidence rates inMuang District, where Mab Ta Phut is, are thehighest compared to other districts and are 3 timesand 5 times higher than the districts with lowestrates respectively.All sites cancer 3 times higher!!DistrictMuang Klang Ban KhaiPluakdaeng BanChangWangchan Khao Chamao Nikompattana 59. Leukemia 5 times higher!! DistrictMuangKlangBan Khai PluakdaengBanChang WangchanKhao ChamaoNikompattanaSource: Thailand Cancer Epidemiological Study, 1997-2001, National Cancer Institute 60. The Unbalanced Growth: One-Legged Economy Gross Provincial Product 2006 (at constant price 1988):Gross Provincial Product 1981 (at constant price million Baht1988):million BahtAgricultureTrade and services AgricultureTrade and services Industry and mining Industry and mining 19812006 61. Agriculture: not death, but no growth 25314,5004,0003,5003,0002,500 2,0001,5001,000 500 0 2425 2627 2829 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 4041 4243 4445 4647 4849 25 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 2525 25 62. Import content Oil Refinery industry Chemical industry Electronic industry Steel industry Plastic industry Wood and furnitureindustry Rubber industry 63. Employment proportion permillion Baht investment in Rayong 1 Garment FurnitureBeverageFood Leather Printing Woods and wooden products Agricultural industry Rubber Plastic In petrochemical industry Electricity every 67 million Baht,Metal productsTextile 1 person will be employed. Machinery Transportation In leather industry, every 67 Pulp and papermillion Baht, 134 personsNon-metals Others will be employed. Metals Chemicals Petrochemicals 0.02.04.06.08.010.0 12.0 64. Increaseproductivity and sustainable agricultural developmentAgro-industry, not petroleum and petrochemical 65. What can be happened to Dawei if...we have the biggest petrochemicalindustrial complex 66. Informationon impacts in thispresentation is not final figures ofDawei Development Projects, butcalculate based on informationfrom literature review andEnvironmental Impact Assessment(EIA) reports of the same kind ofproject in Mab Ta Phut, Rayongprovince, Thailand. So the information in these slides 67. Gross ProvincialProduct of at constant price 1988 Rayong .. 2531250,000 # 1 inThailand200,000150,000Million Baht Trade & serviceIndustry & Mining100,000Agriculture 50,000 02524 2526 2528 2530 2532 2534 25362538 2540 2542 2544 25462548 A.D.1981 YearA.D.2005 68. CO2emission around30 million tonsCO2/year SO2 emission around118,000 tons/year NOx emission around119,000 tons/year TSPemission around10,300 tons/year Release of Mercury toReference : own calculation 69. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,Impacts to treesfrom ground-levelOzone : Natural Environmental Research Concil, NewcastleUniversity http://www.ncl.ac.uk/gane/page8.htm 70. Burncoal about11.4 milliontons/year Transport by verylarge ship 10-16ships/month Fly ash around1,150,000Reference : calculation based on E/HIA Gheco-One project in Mab Ta Phut, Thailand 71. Use sea water 20.6million cubicmeter/day(6,700 million cubicmeter/year) And continuouslydischargethecalculation basedamount to in Mab Ta Phut, ThailandReference :same on E/HIA Gheco-One project 72. Amount of Organic Chemical Used by Petrochemical IndustriesOrganic Chemicals Amount (Tons/year) Ethylene 1,386,000 Propylene617,000 Vinyl Chloride (VCM) 610,000 Styrene450,000 Xylenes366,000 Benzene300,000 Ethylene Dichloride (EDC)* 250,000 Butadiene140,000 MTBE55,000 Toluene 52,000 Butene-135,000 Hexane 2,000,000 ( / )Ref.: Mab Ta Phut industrial group, SustainableDevelopment Report 2003-2004 73. VOCsCarcino Other health impactsgen*Benzene GroupImpact on hemogobin, central nervous systemVinylethyleneGroup Impact on nervous system 2A , stomach , more risk for LeukemiaEthylene Group More risk on cancerDichloride 2B1,1 GroupImpact on lever, kidney, Dichloroethyand fetus*IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer leneGroup Carcinogenic to humansGroup A Probably carcinogenic to humansGroup 2BGroupImpact on lever, nervous(Possibly carcinogenic to humans) system 74. Evidence from some examplesPotential impacts the Produce ProducVOCs = 246.75kg/yearAir pollution (Ventgas) = 268 tons/yearWater use 34.6 million m3/yHazardousWastewaterwastem3/year 300 tons/year 75. Evidence from some examplesPotential impacts - Ethylbenzene Styrene Monomer Project 30VOCs =tons/ySO2 = 400 tons/yNOx = 192 tons/y TSP = 77 tons/y Wastewater,700 m3/y HazardousWater use waste9 000 m3/y213 tons/year 76. Important source of pollution But not open information onthe substances sending to Flare Also, no law to control andreduce as well as nomonitoring system on Flare http://airfresh-society.blogspot.com/2010_02_01_arhttp://www.oknation.net/blog/payont/2009/12/13 77. Chemical accidents and disasters Statistic ofchemicalaccidents inRayong between1999-2008 Moreinformationshows thatduring Jan. 78. Potential impacts Unit Coefficient1) Air pollution- SO2 ton/Km2/day6.25- NO2 ton/Km2/day5- PMton/Km2/day1.252) Carbondioxideton CO26.25absorption/Km2/yr3) Oxygen emissionton O2 4.37 /Km2/yr4) Waste- Municipal solid waste ton/Km2/day 1.43- Industrial wasteton/Km2/day 10.69- Hazardous waste ton/Km2/day 0.645) Water consumptionm3/Km2/day 30,0006) Wastewater discharge m3/Km2/day7,5007) BOD loadingkg/Km2/day41.25Source: Healthy Public Policy Foundation, 2011 79. These are what can be happened ifyoulive nearby 194 km2 Industrial zoneZoneArea(km2)1) Port & heavy industry202) Petrochemical complex103) Upstream petrochemical 34complex4) Downstream petrochemical31.1complex5) Medium industry 59.86) Light industry38.8* excluding township area 20 km2Total 193.7*Source: ITD 80. SO2>> 1,213 ton/day (442,563 ton/yr)NO2>> 970 ton/day (354,050 ton/yr)PM >> 243 ton/day (88,513 ton/yr)Airpollution 81. GlobalwarmingCO2 absorption>> 1,213 ton/yrO2 emission>> 848 ton/yr 82. Big mountain ofWaste Municipal solid waste >> 277 ton/day (101,258ton/yr)Industrial waste >> 2,074 ton/day (756,959 ton/yr)Hazardous waste >> 124 ton/day(45,318 ton/yr) 83. Big problem of WaterWater consumption : 5,820,000 m3/dayWastewater discharge : 1,455,000m3/day BOD loading: 8,003 kg/day 84. Can you imagine about your childrensfuture if they have to live with the 194 km2 Industrial zone??? 85. Increasing of the new comer 86. Increasing of the new comer No. of Population 20062009in Map Ta PhutRegistered 41,88447,348Unregistered 78,040 106,101 87. New recreational area 88. New neighbor 89. New coast 90. New atmosphere of workplace 91. New. 92. Reservoir area; Ka Lone Ma Yin Gyi villageHtar village 93. has no study yet and no plan for maintaining 94. 6000 acres of mangrove only in deep sea portarea, no concern raised for this 95. Deforestation a lost trees are being cutjust for access roads No study on cumulative impact ofindustries 96. Food from marine, mangrove and forestwill be lost Developers dont consider for localpeoples livelihood in reality Unsuitable job opportunity for localpeople No chance for local business even forsellers 97. No exact information about project No clear information about compensation Not clear for relocation Unfair communication between villagersand authority (investor) No transparency (pre project study, EIA, SIAand HIA reports) People are living under rumors and anxiety